IES IPS ACADEMY

INDORE

Report
On
Unique ID Project &
Technology behind It

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. Manish Yadav Snehil Vishwakarma
(0808EC071103)
Shailly Agrawal
(0808EC071100)
 CERTIFICATE

IES IPS ACADEMY

This is to certify that Snehil Vishwakarma, & Shailly Agrawal students of IES
IPS ACADEMY, Indore, of B.E. 3rd Year (E.C.E.) have successfully completed
the Project according to the requirement of R.G.P.V. under the guidance of
Mr.Manish Yadav. They have been given ______ grade for successfully
completing their project.

Subject Teacher
------------------------
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are grateful to Mrs. Manish Yadav for giving us an opportunity of this

project.

This present project is submitted to IES IPS ACADEMY under Rajiv Gandhi
Technical University, Bhopal, as partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering.

We want to give our special thanks to all who supported and guided me in making
of this project.

We also want to thank our parents and friends for their constant support and help
without which this project wouldn’t have been a success.

Thanking you.

-Snehil Vishwakarma
Shailly Aggrawal
 CONTENTS

i. Certificate
ii. Acknowledgement

1. Introduction
2. UIDAI
3. Parameters of UID
4. Biometrics
5. Important points of UID
6. Economic View
7. Technological Point
8. Critics
iii. Bibliography
iv. List of References
INTRODUCTION

All about Unique ID Project

“The identity comes into view when it is used for any purpose.”
Unique Identity project is one of the most crucial and ambitious projects of the Government
of India that will impart unique 16 digit identity number to each and every resident of
country including those below 18 years of age. It will change the way social welfare
systems are delivered to the mass. If used properly, this will also channelize the
government subsidies to the right recipients. 

UID Authority of India

The UID Authority headed by  Mr. Nandan Nilekani, a former co-chairman of Infosys
Technologies will be responsible for creating and maintaining the core database and to lay
down all necessary procedures for issuance and usage of UID including arrangements for
collection, validation and authentication of information, proper security of data, rules for
sharing and access to information, safeguards to ensure adequate protection of privacy and
all aspects related to all of these issues. 
The UID Authority would be under the Planning Commission. The move to set up the UID
Authority of India (UIDAI), under the aegis of the Planning Commission, is aimed at
providing a unique identity to the targeted population of the flagship schemes to ensure
that the benefits reach them. The unique identification number would ensure that any
pitfall in these schemes is removed so that the benefits do not reach those they are not
meant for. The role that the Authority envisions is to issue a unique identification number
(UID) that can be verified and authenticated in an online, cost-effective manner, and that is
robust enough to eliminate duplicate and fake identities. 
The proposed system envisages collaboration among several government agencies backed
by intensive use of information technology. It will work in close coordination with Home
Ministry's National Population Register through the Registrar General of the Census, in
accordance with the Indian Citizenship Act. The flagship schemes of the Government
include the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan,
National Rural Health Mission and Bharat Nirman. 
Benefits of UID:

The present project is a system and method that will

 Obviate need for multiple documentary proofs

 Facilitate easy verification

 Facilitate easy availing of government or private services

  Help welfare programmes reach intended beneficiaries

 Serve as basis for e-governance services

 Help all authorized offices to just tap into the central database as and when required
update their accounts

 Addressing illegal immigration into India and terrorist threats

12 parameters of data that will be used for India’s Unique ID (UID):

The following details that would be captured for the Unique ID - an individual’s:

Name/UID Number/Photograph/Imprint of all ten fingers/Name of Father/UID of

Father/Name of Mother/UID of Mother/Date of Birth/Sex/Place of Birth/Address.

Of the parameters mentioned above, the only parameter that cannot be duplicated is
the biometric one. The only way that can be broken is if the database is hacked and the
fingerprint is replaced.

What Is Biometrics?

Biometrics is set of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more
intrinsic physical or behavioral traits.
Biometric characteristics are divided in two main classes:

 Physiological are related to the shape of the body. Examples fingerprint, face

recognition, DNA, hand and palm geometry, iris recognition, which has largely
replaced retina, and odor/scent.
 Behavioral are related to the behavior of a person. Examples typing, gait,
and voice. 
A biometric system operates in the two modes:

 Verification – One to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored

template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. Can be done in conjunction
with a smart card, username or ID number.
 Identification – One to many comparison of the captured biometric against a
biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual.
The first time an individual uses a biometric system is called an enrollment. During the
enrollment, biometric information from an individual is stored. In subsequent uses,
biometric information is detected and compared with the information stored at the time of
enrollment. Note that it is crucial that storage and retrieval of such systems themselves be
secure if the biometric system is to be robust. The first block (sensor) is the interface
between the real world and the system; it has to acquire all the necessary data. Most of the
times it is an image acquisition system, but it can change according to the characteristics
desired. The second block performs all the necessary pre-processing: it has to remove
artifacts from the sensor, to enhance the input (e.g. removing background noise), to use
some kind of normalization, etc. In the third block necessary features are extracted. This
step is an important step as the correct features need to be extracted in the optimal way. A
vector of numbers or an image with particular properties is used to create a template. A
template is a synthesis of the relevant characteristics extracted from the source. Elements
of the biometric measurement that are not used in the comparison algorithm are discarded
in the template to reduce the file size and to protect the identity of the enrollee.

If enrollment is being performed the template is simply stored somewhere (on a card or
within a database or both). If a matching phase is being performed, the obtained template
is passed to a matcher that compares it with other existing templates, estimating the
distance between them using any algorithm (e.g. Hamming distance). The matching
program will analyze the template with the input. This will then be output for any specified
use or purpose

There are a few important information about UID project that are
described as follows:

 The UID number will only provide identity: The UID number will only guarantee
identity, not rights, benefits or entitlements.
 The UID will prove identity, not citizenship: All residents in the country can be
issued a unique ID. The UID is proof of identity and does not confer citizenship.
 Partnership Model: The UIDAI will be the regulatory authority managing a Central
ID Data Repository (CIDR), which will issue UID numbers, update resident
information, and authenticate the identity of residents as required. In addition, the
Authority will partner with agencies such as central and state departments and
private sector agencies who will be ‘Registrars’ for the UIDAI.
 The UIDAI will issue a number, not a card.
 UID number will not contain intelligence: Loading intelligence into identity
numbers makes them susceptible to fraud and theft. The UID will be a random
number.
 Online authentication: The Authority will offer a strong form of online
authentication, where agencies can compare demographic and biometric
information of the resident with the record stored in the central database
 UID will store basic information like Name/Date & Place of Birth/Gender/Father’s
Name/Mother’s Name/Address/Expiry Date/Photograph and Finger Prints
 The UIDAI will not share resident data: The agencies may store the information
of residents they enroll if they are authorized to do so, but they will not have access
to the information in the UID database. The UIDAI will answer requests to
authenticate identity only through a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ response.

The identity cards proposed will be smart cards which will carry information of each and
every individual, his/her finger biometrics as well as a photograph. A unique National
Identity Number will be assigned to each individual including those below 18 years of age. 
Economic View:

The government will spend around $6 billion on developing smart cards apart from a
mammoth citizen database. Initial estimates project that the initiative will create 1000 new
jobs in the country, and business opportunities worth Rs 6,500 crore in the first phase of
implementation. The UID would become available to an initial set of users by Early 2011.

Technological Point:

Creating and managing a database of 1.2 billion people spread over a huge area will involve
immense work. Around five megabytes of data will be required to store the compressed
fingerprint images (all 10 fingers) of each individual, meaning the size of the entire
database will be at least six petabytes (6,000,000 gigabytes), making it among the world’s
largest databases. 

Critics:
Privacy is a key concern with respect to the UID scheme as all of an individual’s personal
information will be stored in one database where the possibility of corruption and
exploitation of data is far greater than when having the information disbursed.

Risks that arise from this centralization include possible errors in the collection of
information, recording of inaccurate data, corruption of data from anonymous sources, and
unauthorized access to or disclosure of personal information. The centralized nature of
data collection inherent in the UID proposal only heightens the risk of misuse of personal
information and therefore potentially violates privacy rights. Unfortunately, India’s
proposed UID programme lacks any provision for judicial review at the present time.
Without credible and independent oversight, there is a risk of ‘mission creep’ for UIDs.
 Bibliography

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/uid

2. http://infotech.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow

3. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech/software/Techi

es-line-up-to-join-UID-project

4. http://uidai.gov.in/
 List of References

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/uid

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/.../Unique_Identification_Authority_o

f_India 

3. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech/software/Techi

es-line-up-to-join-UID-project

4. http://uidai.gov.in/

5. http://infotech.indiatimes.com/quickiearticleshow