Knowledge on Infertility among People at Gairigaun,

Tokha

A Research Proposal Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirement of Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Purbanchal University

Sumi Parajuli
092-6-2-04881-2020
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing
Swoyambhu, Kathmandu.
2078

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

The research Proposal entitled “Knowledge on Infertility Among People at Raipur ,

Tanahun District ‘’ is Bona-fides work and is being submitted by Sumi Parajuli for the
approval to Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing, Swoyambhu, Kathmandu as a
requirement of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Purbanchal University has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

Approved by:

Research Guide

…………………….

Madam Narayani
Subedi

Assistant Professor Kathmandu Model

Hospital School of Nursing Swoyambhu,

Kathmandu

Date:

Institutional Chief

……………………

Sanu Tuladhar

Principal

Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing

Swoyambhu, Kathmandu

Date:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research study “Knowledge On Infertility Among People At Raipur village , Tanahun
District’’ is contribution by many individuals which has been undertaken for partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program. This
project has been completed with the great deal of support, guidance and assistance
which I received time to time during the whole research process.

At first, the researcher would like to express sincere gratitude to Purbanchal University,
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing, Swoyambhu, providing this opportunity
to conduct the research study for a partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science in nursing
program.

The researcher likes to thank the campus chief Sanu Tuladhar for providing necessary
suggestion, encouragement and arrangement to conduct this study.

The researcher also likes to express deep gratitude to Research Advisor Madam
Narayani Subedi for her continuous support and guidance to enhance my skill in the
field of my project. The researcher likes to thanks the members of Institutional Review
Committee (IRC) for giving permission to conduct this research study.

Similarly, the researcher is grateful to all participants without whom this research would
be impossible to conduct. The researcher would also like to thanks to library staffs of the
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing, Swoyambhu.

At last, the researcher would like to express warm thanks to all the friends and family
for their continuous encouragement and cooperation of this research study.

Sumi Parajuli
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

TITLE PAGE APPROVAL i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF TABLES LIST iv

OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER I viii

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 3

4
1.3 Need/ Rational of the study
5
1.4 Significance of the study
6
1.5 Objectives of the study
7
1.6 Hypothesis/ Research question
7
1.7 Study variables
7
1.7.1 Independent Variable
7
1.7.2 Dependent Variable
8
1.8 Conceptual Framework 9
1.9 Operational definition
CHAPTER II LITERATURE

REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 10

2.2 Literature review 10

2.3 Summary of literature 17

review CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY
18
3.1 Research Design
18
3.2 Study area/ setting
19
3.3 Study Population
19
3.4 Sample size

3.5 Sampling technique 20

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 21

3.7 Research Instruments / tools

22

3.8 Validity and Reliability of Instrument/ tools 23

3.9 Data Collection Procedure 24

3.10 Ethical Consideration 25

3.11 Plan for Data Processing and Analysis 26

3.12 Budget Planning

27

3.13 Work plan for completing the study 28

 3.14 Plan for Dissemination of the study

REFRENCES

APPENDICS

APPENDIX A: Work plan

APPENDIX B: Budget Expenditure

APPENDIX C: Written Consent Form

APPENDIX D: Questionnaire APPENDIX

E: Approval Letters

Letters to the authority

Letters from the authority

LIST OF TABLES PAGE NUMBER
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Infertility is a condition of the both male and female reproductive system as defined by the
failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual
intercourse ((WHO, 2020)1 . It is also defined as a failure to conceive within one or more years
of regular unprotected coitus2 ( Dutta. DC, 2016).
The infertility are mainly of two types; primary infertility and secondary infertility were primary
fertility denotes those individual who never had conceived and secondary fertility indicates
previous pregnancy but failure to conceive subsequently. The knowledge on infertility among
people is important as it has affected millions of people of reproductive age worldwide and has
an impact on their families and communities.(Dutta. Dc, 2016).
Worldwide, 1.9% of women aged 20-44 years were unable to have their first live birth and
10.5% of women who had previously give birth were unable to have second baby after 5 years
of trying { Central Of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC , 2010)} . 9 According to National
Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) on 2018 in USA, data indicated that 15.5% of all women who
intended to become pregnant are infertile (unable to conceive even after 1 year of trying
intercourse) and 6.7% of married women aged 15 to 44 years are infertile. 3( US Pharm.2018).
Similarly, infertility is becoming a public health issue in Europe, across Europe is increasing by 8-
9% anuually . (Lewis, 2015). Singapore has one of the lowest total fertility rate in the world
with 1.216 birth per woman, where 0.58% increased from 2018. 18 ( Ministry of health of
Singapore, 2013) . However, a research performed on Korea, 2017 data showed that the
infertility rate in Korea is estimated to more than 13%, increasing every year and there are an
increasing number of patients seeking clinical evaluation and treatment for infertility. 19 (Dong-It
Kim,2017).
India faces a high burden of infertility, with 22 to 33 million couples in the reproductive age
suffering from lifetime infertility. Female factor accounts for 40 to 50% of infertility among
infertile couples , while male factor, which is on the rise in India, accounts for 30-40%.(Khalid
and Queresi, 2012) . Further, in Pakistan showed the knowledge among the respondent is
limited where 25% correctly identified when infertility is pathological and only 46% knew about
the fertile period in women’s cycle whereas 53% of respondent were misinformed that use of
IUCD and OCP may cause infertility.5 ( khan. F , 2015)

1
Nearly , in Nepal , infertility has become a major problem as the prevalence of infertility in the
country has been estimated to be around 6.9-9.3%.4 ( Gautam .M , 2017). The research
conducted on 2017 showed that the lifestyle factors are common which include the sedentary
lifestyle of the individual , heavy use of the alcohol , smoking , late marriage , miscarriage,
obesity and frequent abortion.4
Therefore due to the lack of knowledge and awareness in people the incidence of the risk
factors has greatly high in proportion in which infertility is also one of the major common
problem.
Yet, the treatment of infertility and the field of reproductive medicine is rapidly growing with
success that have resolved infertility problems , with simple fertility awareness methods to
more advanced innovations such as IVF (invitro-fertilization ) Artificial Inssimination , ART
(Assisted Reproductive Technology), IUI (intrauterine insemination ) , GIFT (Gamete
intrafallopian transfer) , ZIFT ( Zygote intrafallopian transfer) over the world . 1. (World Health
Organization, 2020) . While assisted reproduction technologies (ART) have been available for
more than three decades with 5 million children born worldwide from ART interventions such
as IVF ( invitro- fertilization) these technologies are still largely unavailable, inaccessible and
unaffordable in many parts of the world, particularly in low and middle-income countries. 1
A study conducted in infertile among Saudi Couples (277) found that 59% had poor knowledge
and 1% had good knowledge about factors affecting study also revealed that participants
believed in common misconception about cause of infertility in which majority of participants
85% believed in black magic as a cause of infertility followed by supernatural causes. 76% had a
neutral attitude towards infertility .20 (Gupta R, 2018)
Therefore, the problem infertility has become a major problem among the people in developing
country. Thus , a country with the sociocultural background, beliefs and practices with the lack
of proper knowledge on scientific situations such as infertility, in order to identify the
knowledge and myths regarding to the topic the researcher intended to perform this study to
assess the Knowledge on Infertility Among People.

2
Statement of the Problem

Infertility has become a global issue as are many individuals and couples who are unable to
achieve or maintain the pregnancy despite they have high desire to conceive the baby.
As mentioned by WHO on 2020 “infertility is a disease of the reproductive system” that result in
disability.1 (WHO,2020). As there are numerous cause of infertility in men and women , apart
from anatomical cause the infertility have serious implications on both psychological well-being
and social status of people of women in developing countries . Hence, the overall burden of
infertility is likely underestimated and has not displayed over the last 20 years. 6
Despite , in the context of Nepal, the evolution of several advanced medical tools and
diagnostic procedures in the most of the health centres in the rural areas have inadequate
infrastructure and equipment. As in case of infertility there are few trained health care
providers in addition to this health care facilities are inaccessible , unaffordable and not women
– friend.16Moreover, its affordability and accessibility has been almost limited within the pople
who belongs to high socio-economic status and cannot be afforded by the people who belong
to low and middle socio-economic status individuals and couples who are residing in poor
setting17. Overall , due to lack of awareness and proper knowledge among people about its
causes and consequences most of the people believes that ‘’infertility problem is associated
only with women and its not a problem of men .’’ 20
Further, according to Mahsid Bokaie, ‘’women are unable to distinguish risky behaviors from
healthy behaviors that may marked directly to infertility’’, 7 in which according to the data
analysis the beliefs was categorized into three risk factors that affected sexual behaviors in
infertile woman . Firstly, cultural, religious, or ethnic beliefs. Secondly, believing in the effect of
diet on infertility and lastly, effect of the type of intercourse on getting pregnant. Therefore,
discovering the existing beliefs among the reproductive age of the people helped to determine
the misconception and the need of the educational program regarding on importance on sexual
health for infertile women.

3
Similarly, according to Shrestha K, the knowledge is a key factor associated with fertility and
self-care .8As the infertile couples experience stress in relationships with family and friends and
they cut off themselves from other as they are uncomfortable to share it and they consider
infertility as a private problem. Due to the lack of knowledge regarding infertility in women ,
couple and individual , awareness programs are necessary to conduct focusing on its causes,
risk factors, assurance and the treatment modalities. 8

Therefore, with various problem stated both male and female are equally responsible for the
cause of infertility. Thus, the problem of infertility has not given attention considering the fact
that it is not life threating condition but it has substantial community health problems such as
depression, anxiety domestic violence and social isolation.

4
1.3 Rationale of the Study
The people with inability to have children affects couples worldwide and causes emotional and
psychosocial distress in both men and women. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers
infertility as a disability and thus access to health care for this condition falls under the
Convention on Rights of Person with Disability. 34 million women, predominantly from
developing countries, have infertility resulting from maternal sepsis and unsafe abortion. In
population <60 years of age, infertility is ranked as 5 th highest serious global disability.10
( Harrison’s Textbook, 2018).
In United States, the overall rate of infertility on married women of age 15-44 is 6.7% based on
recent National Survey of Family Growth. (National Survey of Family Growth, 2014) However,
the infertility rate has reminded relatively stable over the past 30 years in most countries.
Similarly, the prevalence of infertility in rural Nigerian Community was estimated to 30.3%,
giving incidences of 9.2% of primary infertility and 21.1% for secondary infertility. 10 in which
primary infertility is rare after the age of 30 years and acquired causes of infertility are
responsible for the high prevalence rate.9 ( Adetoro OO, 2013)
Here, conception depends on the fertility potential of both male and female partner, the male
is responsible for 30-40% cases, and female about 40-55% cases, both male and female about
10% cases and remaining 10% are unexplained. 80% of couple achieved conception within 1
year of the regular intercourse, another 10% by end of second year and 10% remain infertile
even by the end of second year.2 (Dutta. DC, 2016)
There has been lots of advancement in maternal and reproductive health with gradual
dissolution of social stigmas. The lack of necessary equipment and trained personnel, together
with the high costs of treatment, are additional barriers preventing universal access to fertility
care. While assisted reproduction technology (ART) has been available for over three decades,
it is still largely unaffordable in many parts of the world. ( Cambridge University, 2009)
Therefore, the knowledge about infertility is inadequate in many parts of the world . research
has highlited that knowledge is the key factor associated with fertility self-care knowing about
own fertility and the initiation of treatment , concluding that education about fertility issues is
needed to prevent fear and unnecessary delay in seeking help when faced with problems
conceiving ( Bunting and Bovin, 2007).
However, it’s very necessary to vigorously collect data regarding infertility and take necessary
steps to decrease the infertility rate as there is a firm belief that such studies/ research covering
different societies in increased frequency will, indeed, encourage couples to go for appropriate
diagnostic procedures to find out the actual cause of infertility and slowly eliminate the issue.
This ultimately brings family satisfaction with risk stratification of depression, psychological
upsetting and social; isolation.

5
1.4 Significance of this Study

Community People

On the basis of finding of the study in community the awareness program can be conducted as
well as adequate prevention, investigation and treatment in cost effective way services can be
informed.

Researcher
This study will help researcher to find out the Knowledge on Infertility and obtain a baseline
data of the people.

Future Researcher
The finding of this study will be reference or baseline to other researcher in future to conduct
similar studies in depth.

1.5 Objectives of the Study

1.5.1 General Objective

 To find out the knowledge on infertility among people of reproductive age at Raipur
Village, Tanahun District.

6
1.5.2 Specific Objectives

To assess knowledge on causes of the infertility among people.

To obtain the knowledge on risk factor of infertility among people.
To asscess the knowledge on signs of infertility among people.
To identify the knowledge on prevention of infertility.
To determine the knowledge on the treatment of infertility.
To assess the level of knowledge on infertility.

1.6 Research Question

What is the level of knowledge on infertility among people of reproductive age at Raipur,
Tanahun District?

1.7 Variables
1.7.1 Independent variable
Age
Sex
Religion
Education
Occupation

1.7.2 Dependent Variable

Knowledge on Infertility among Reproductive Age people.

7
1.8 Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is an integrated concept that provides structure or organizing and
describing the phenomena of interests.

Sex

Religion
Education

Knowledge on
infertility Occupation

Inadequate knowledge
Adequate knowledge

Missed diagnosis and

Seek health care treatment
services

Cannot perform preventive

Evaluation of male measure
and female

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework on knowledge on infertility

1.9 Operational Definition

8
Knowledge
Knowledge refers to the information on infertility (introduction, risk factor/ causes, treatment,
prevention, problem) among reproductive age people. The knowledge level will be categorized
on the basis of:

Level of knowledge
High Level: 65-100 score
Moderate level: 35-65 of score
Low level: Below 35 of score in knowledge14

Community People
Both male and female of reproductive age group (female – 19 to 49, male – 19-55 years) living
in Raipur, Tanahu district.

CHAPTER II

9
 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
Infertility is “ a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical
pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse . “ 1 it affects
millions of people of reproductive age worldwide and has an impact on their families and
communities. Trouble in conceiving may be due to problems with male or female infertility or a
combination of both. Therefore in some cases the cause is unknown.

2.2 Literature Review

As mentioned by, Sumera A., study in 2011 at Pakistan on Topic ‘’ Knowledge, Perception and
Myths regarding infertility among selected adult population in Pakistan. ‘’ A cross – sectional
study was done among 447 respondent was selected through simple random sampling
technique. Data was collected through interview method. The study indicated that only 25% of
the participants correctly recognized that infertility is diagnosed usually after one to two years
of regular unprotected sex. 40% of the participant correctly identified that both male and
female are equally responsible for infertility. 70% of the participant correctly identified
irregularity of menses, blocked tubes and genital tract infections causes’ infertility. However,
76% of participant was unaware about the smoking that cause the infertility and more that 50%
of participant thought that previous use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and IUCD device , leads
to infertility. 5
Similarly, Samar N.H studied in Saudi Arabia on 2013 regarding ‘’ Knowledge, Attitude and
Practices of infertility among Saudi couples.’’ A cross sectional study was done among 381
respondent was selected through probability sampling technique. Data was collected through
interview and questionnaire method. This studies finding shows that 59% of the participants
have poor level of knowledge towards infertility were as 76% of participant have neutral
attitude towards fertility. Therefore, 58.8%of participant believed that infertility is caused were
71.3% of participant thought that infertility is caused due to excess use of OCP and IUCD. 11
A cross sectional study done by Mohammad K , in 2020 , Karachi region to assess Awareness
Regarding Causes of Infertility Among Out-patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi,
Pakistan in the total population of 854 respondent were 342 people was married and the
sample was collected through interview method by using convenience sampling technique .
The result shows that 250 respondent did not believed that equal proportions of males and
females contribute to infertility were as 326 falsely believed that the usage of the intra-uterine

10
device contributes to infertility and 278 respondent incorrectly believed that a male achieving
erection is an indication of fertility.12
Furthermore, a qualitative study was conducted by Karin.H, on “Infertility – related knowledge
and information – seeking behavior among people of reproductive age in Iran on 2016 with the
total population of 74 respondent of women and men who intended to have children in the
future. Data was collected through interview method with probability sampling technique. The
study shows that the respondent has low to average level of knowledge about infertility as
most of them overestimated the women’s reproductive lifespan and had limited knowledge
about the ‘ fertile window’ of the menstrual cycle. Therefore most of the participant agreed
that primary health care providers such as general practitioners are well placed to provide
information regarding infertility as this study identified the several gaps in knowledge among
people of reproductive age about factors that influence infertility and pregnancy health
negatively.13
Likewise, Samar N.H studied in Saudi Arabia on 2013 regarding “Knowledge, Attitude and
Practices of infertility among Saudi couples.” A cross sectional study was done among 381
respondent was selected through probability sampling technique. Data collected through
interview and questionnaire method. This studies finding shows that the 59% of the
participants have poor level of knowledge towards fertility. Therefore, 58.8% of participant
believed that infertility is caused due to black magic and supernatural causes were 71.3% of
participant though that infertility is caused due to excess use of OCP and IUCD .14
Moreover, Robert J. studied in Australia on 2013 on the topic “Knowledge about factors that
influence fertility among Australians of Reproductive age”. A cross – sectional study was
performed among 462 interviewers through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected
through interview with telephone survey. the study findings shows that only one in four
correctly identified that male fertility starts to decline before age of 45 and most of 59% were
aware that female obesity and smoking affect fertility, but fewer recognized that male obesity
30% and smoking 36% also influence fertility. Almost 40% of responded had inadequate
knowledge of when in the menstrual cycle a woman is most likely to conceive. 15

11
 CHAPTER III

Methodology
Methodology is the systematic theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a
branch of knowledge. it includes study design , study area/ settings, study population , sample
size , sampling technique , exclusion criteria, research instruments/ tools, data collection
procedures , ethical consideration, plan for data processing and Analysis , budget planning and
work plan for completing study.

3.1 Research Design

Research design is the major and inseparable part of research as it provides the overview of the
plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answer to research
question and control variance.
Descriptive Study will be used to assess the Knowledge on Infertility among people of
reproductive age at Raipur, Tanahun district.

3.2 Research Area / Setting

The study will be conducted in Gairigaun tole , tokha municipality, Kathmandu Valley ward no
-8 located in Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. The tole consist of total population of 206 of
people , the total population of reproductive age people consist of 82 including male and
female.
I temporary live in this place and the people living in this area are unaware about the causes of
infertility whereas the prevalence of the infertility among the couple can also be identified and
and have improper knowledge in adapting the health services and treatment. Therefore, for
the adequate no. of sample and inadequate knowledge among the people about infertility the
researcher would like to conduct the research on following topic in Gairigaun Tole.

3.3 Study Population

The study population will be the people of reproductive age from Gairigaun tole , ward no-11
tokha municipality . The total population of the reproductive age people is 82.

12
3.4 Sample Size
The total reproductive age population is 82 among the total population, therefore, for sample
by calculating the probability of meeting the population size is 95% i.e the percentage of error
(e). According to the Solvin’s formula, the percentage of error is 5% (0.05). Now,
N=N/1+Ne2
= 82/1+82X (0.05)2
= 82/1.205
= 68
Thefore, the sample size will be 82 of reproductive age of people.

3.5 Sampling Technique

Purposive Sampling Technique will be used to select the study area and sample.

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion

Inclusion Criteria
Reproductive age group from 19-49 in female1 and male- 19-55 years.

3.7 Data collection tools and instruments

Semi-structured interview schedule will be developed to assess the knowledge on infertility
among the people of reproductive age. The questionnaire will be developed in simple
understandable language by researcher itself.
Data collection tool consists of two parts.
Part I: semi structured questionnaires related to Socio – demographic information.
Part II: Knowledge related questionnaires to assess their knowledge. The knowledge score will
be categories according to the following criteria.
Inadequate knowledge 0-35
Moderately adequate knowledge 35-65

13
Adequate knowledge 65-100

3.8 Validity and Reliability

3.8.1 Validity:
Content validity of the tool will be maintained by consulting with the research experts, experts
in related field and subject expert matter specialist.

3.8.2 Reliability
Reliability will be maintained by pretesting of the tool in 10%( number) of the sample size
through interview method at the jalpachowk , tokha municipality. The study tool will be revised
and finalized on the basis of result obtained from pretest.

3.9 Data collection procedure

Data will be collected by interviewing with semi – structured questionnaire at Raipur villag.The
interview will be conducted for at each house as the data will be collected from only single
individual of reproductive age of each house. The purpose of the study will be explained at first
to the participants. After 30 minutes collected questionnaire will be privately handled.

14
3.10 Ethical Consideration

Permission
Formal permission and approval sheet will be obtained from research committee of Kathmandu
Model Hospital School of Nursing and written permission from concerned Sukhlagandaki
Municipality of authority.

Informed consent
It is done to preserve the right of the subject by obtaining the informed consent. Before doing
research, researcher will take informed consent by everyone respondent with full information
about study. The participant will be assured that their participation in the study is voluntary and
that they can withdraw at any time.

Anonymity and confidentiality

The given answers by every respondent will be used only for study purpose. The information
will be coded and when research will be published, no information will be included that reveals
the respondent’s identification.
No discrimination: human rights and justice will be maintain during the study of population
without any discrimination of age, ethnicity, and socio-economic condition.
There will be no any discrimination to the respondent in the ground of caste, education, level,
sex, political thought etc.
Security
All data will be secured in laptop with the use of locking password.
Therefore, privacy evil be maintain by preserving the filled questionnaire locked cupboard until
3 years.

15
3.11 Data processing and Analysis
The collected data will classify according to the objective of data and will edit, code and
recheck. The collected data will analyze and interpret by descriptive statistical method like
frequency and percentage. The findings will be displayed in different tables.

16
REFRENCES

17
 APPENDICIES
APPENDIX A: WORKPLAN
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing
Swoyambhu, Kathmandu
The research will be conducted for the period of 8 weeks thus need of the work plan is very
important. Researcher start this research from Bhaishak 12 th and end with the report
presentation and submission at Asoj 9 th.

Activities Year 2078

Months Bhaishak Bhaishak Bhaishak Jestha Jestha Jestha Jestha Asar

Date 12-17 19-20 24-31 4-7 9-10 11-25 25-1 2-4

Weeks 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th

Literature
review/
Title selection

Topic
presentation

Proposal and
Instrument
presentation

Data
collection

Data analysis
and report
writing

18
Report
Presentation

Report
submission

APPENDIX B: BUDGET EXPENDITURE

Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing
Swoyambhu, Kathmandu

19
 BUDGET EXPENDITURE
SN Particular Number Rate Amount
1. Stationary
i. Pen 2 10/pcs Rs20
ii. Copy 2 50/pcs Rs100
iii. Eraser 2 5/pcs Rs10
iv. Pencil 2 10/pcs Rs20
v. Sharpner 1 5/pcs Rs5
vi. Chart 5 10/pcs Rs50
paper 5
vii. Metacards 2 3/pcs Rs15
viii. Marker 2 50/pcs Rs100
ix. Tape 1 40/pcs Rs40

2. Printing 1000 Rs4/page Rs4000

3. photocopy 1000 Rs3/page Rs3000
4. Transportation 2 Rs500/route Rs2000
5. Computer work Rs1000 Rs1000
6. Snacks and lunch Rs1000
7. Binding 4 Rs500 Rs2000

8. Miscellaneous Rs1000
Total Rs14360

APPENDIX C: INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing
Swoyambhu, Kathmandu
INFORMED CONSENT FORM

20
Research topic: Knowledge on Infertility among People at Raipur Village, Tanahun District.
Research Objectives:
o To assess the knowledge on infertility among people at Raipur village, Tanahun District.

Introduction of the study

This is an academic study conducted for the fulfillment of the partial requirement of bachelor’s
degree of nursing in Purbanchal University. All given information will be used only for
educational purpose and obtained information from you will be kept confidential and remain
anonymous. If you face any problem and difficulty during the process of interview you can give
up at any time. Collected information are kept secure and confidential until the final result.
Your information will be very valuable for completing the study. I appreciate your involvement
in our study. Thank You.

Sumi Parajuli
BSN 4th Year
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing

Informed Consent
I am informed all about the research study and its objectives/ purpose through Researcher. I
give all information with trust which is use for only academic purpose and it will be kept
confidential, collected information will not be used other than the study purpose. So, I sign
written consent as approval for this study.
Name of Participants:

Signature:

APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRE

Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing

Swoyambhu, Kathmandu

21
Introduction of the study
This is an academic study concluded for fulfillment of curriculum in Bachelor degree of nursing
all given information will be used only for research purpose all information obtained from you
will be kept confidential and remain anonymous. If you face any problem and difficulty during
the process you can give up any time. Collected information are kept secure and confidential
until the final result. Your information will be valuable for me. I appreciate your involvement in
our study.

Sumi Parajuli
BSN 4th year
Kathmandu Model Hospital School of Nursing

Instruction: Give your best response as appropriate to question without hesitation. Your honest
answer will be requested. Questions are divided into three parts.

PART I

Questions related to Socio-demographic Information

Instruction: Please write down in the blank space where provided.

22
1. Age in years ………….

2. Sex :
a. Female b. Male

3. Marital status

a. Married b. Unmarried

4. Ethnicity ( caste)

a. Newar c. Magar

b. Brahmin
d. If others please specify ………
5. Religion

a. Hindu c. Buddhist

b. Muslim d. Christian
e. If any other please specify…………………..

6. Types of family

a. Single c. Extended

b. Joint

7. Education status why you write the old one category again?? ........

a. Illiterate b. Literate

23
 8. If literate, level of education (completed)??...............

a. Primary c. Secondary

b. Higher secondary d. Bachelors and above

9. Occupation

a. Home maker c. Business

b. Service d. Farming/agriculture

e. If other, mention……….

10. Duration of marriage ( in years)

a. Less than 1 year c. Less than 3 year

b. Less than 2 year d. Less than 5 year

PART II

Knowledge on Infertility Multiple Response Question

Direction: Please give your response on the question using tick mark ( ) in the given box of
corresponding statement that reflects your degree of agreement with that statement.

24
1. What do you mean by infertility?

a. Unable to bear child even after 1 year of unprotected regular intercourse.

b. Occurrence of menstrual cycle.

c. unable to conceive baby even

d. Unable to bear a child even after 2 years of irregular protected intercourse.

2. What are the major risk factors that can cause infertility? (Multiple response).

a. Excess use of oral contraceptive pills and IUCD

b. Smoking

c. Obesity

d. Underweight

e. Sedentary lifestyle

f. Irregular menstrual cycle

g. Abnormal sperm production / function

h. Sexually transmitted Disease

i. Thyroid dysfunction

j. Tobacco use

k. Alcohol consumption

l. Genetics

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3. What are the causes of male infertility? ( Multiple Response)

a. Failure to deposit sperm in vagina.

b. Erectile dysfunction

c. Impotence

d. Ejaculatory failure

e. Low sperm count or quality

f. Prostate cancer

4. What are the causes of female infertility? ( Multiple Response )

a. Hormone issue that prevent ovulation

b. Abnormal mensuration cycle

c. Structural damage in reproductive organ

d. Problem with egg number and quality

e. Tubal transport

f. Early menopause

g. Uterine cancer

5. What are the common signs of infertility in women? ( multiple response)

a. Irregular periods

b. Painful or heavy periods

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 c. No periods

d. Reduce sex drives

e. Pain during sex

6. What are the common signs of infertility in men? ( multiple response)

a. Change in sexual desire

b. Testicle pain or swelling

c. Problems in maintain erection

d. Issues with ejaculation

e. Small testicles

7. In what age range there is a marked decrease in a woman’s ability to become pregnant?

a. 25-29

b. 29-35

c. 35-39

d. 40-49

8. How can infertility be prevented? ( Multiple Response )

a. Quitting Smoking

b. Development good Exercise habits

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 c. Maintaining healthy weight by healthy diet

d. Reducing alcohol consumption

e. Regularly visiting health care provider

f. Awareness program on infertility

g. Prompt treatment of sexually transmitted disease.

9. If there is a problem of infertility, who should seek for treatment?

a. Both husband and wife should go to hospital for checkup.

b. Only wife should go to hospital for checkup.

c. Only husband should go to hospital for checkup.

d. Nobody should go anywhere.

10. What are the treatment modalities for infertility? ( multiple response )

a. Invitro – fertilization (test tube baby)

b. Artificial inseminination in men

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c. Medical therapy

d. Adoption of child

e. Egg and sperm donation

f. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

g. Don’t know

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