TIMELINE ON THE LIFE

OF JOSE RIZAL
GROUP 1 (H56-1)

campo, roxan mae

estabas, chyzza mae
legaspino, heavenly
mozar, alexa muriel
socorro, francis justin
 NAME ACQUISITION

1697
Lamco adopts Christian name Domingo
and gets baptized at San Gabriel Church

1731 The family took the surname "Mercado"

1850 The family adopted a new name—Rizal

 May 11, 1818 November 8, 1826
Francisco Mercado Rizal Teodora Alonso Realonda
(1818-1898) “Father of Rizal” (1826-1911) “Mother of Rizal”
was born.
 The Children of Teodora and Francisco
2 3
Olympia
Saturnina Paciano Narcisa (1855-1887)
1 (1850-1913) (1851-1930) (1852-1939) “Yepa”
4

5 6 7
Maria Jose (1861-
Lucia 1896), June
(1857-1919) (1858-1945)
19, 1861
“Biang”
Jose (1861-1896), June 19, 1861
1861
June 22, 1861: He was baptized JOSE RIZAL
MERCADO at the Catholic of Calamba by the
parish priest Rev. Rufino Collantes with Rev.
Pedro Casañas as the sponsor.
1862
Concepcion (1862-1865) "Died at age 3"
 1861-1872
Childhood Years
Young Rizal
Young Rizal's Young Rizal as
learns about
fondness of a hand
myths and
animals performer
legends

Young Jose 1866: José was designed by nature

as a church- to be an artist. Group of sketches
goer of Rizal
1864
Rizal learns his letters through Teodora along with his
private tutors-uncles, aunt, and Monroy.

Maestro Celestino & Maestro Lucas Padua: Rizal's Tutors

in his Early Education

1865 The Children of Teodora and Francisco

Josefa (1865-1945) "Panggoy" (sibling)
Trinidad (1868-1951) "Trining" (sibling)
1869
The first known poem that he wrote was a
Tagalog poem entitled "Sa Aking mga
Kababata" (To My Fellow Children) when he
was 8 years old. He wrote it in an appeal to
our people to love our national language.

Rizal goes to Biñan, Laguna

Soledad (1870-1929)
1870
1872 Life and Studies in Ateneo

Although Rizal was merely a teenager, he had

1873
a very high regard for education. He believed
in the significant role which education plays
in the progress and welfare of a nation. Thus,
he wrote a poem entitled: Education Gives
Luster to the Motherland.

1874 November 14 : Rizal composes the

poem "Al Niño Jesús"
 1875 1876
April 1 : Rizal pens the
December 5 : Rizal writes poem "Alianza íntima entre
the poems "El Combate: la religión y la buena
Urbiztondo," "Terror de educación"
Joló," "El embarque," and
"Y es español: Elcano el December 3 : Rizal pens the
primero en dar vuelta al poems "El cautiverio y el
mundo" triunfo," "Entrada triunfal
de los Reyes Católicos en
Granada" and "La conquista
de Granada"
1877
Rizal graduates from Ateneo

In November Rizal writes a poem and receives recognition for his writing
from the Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country, also known as
Amigos del Pals. The recognition comes in the form of a diploma of merit and
honorable mention.

Segunda Katigbak: Rizal's First Love. Jose Rizal was only a young boy of
sixteen (16) when he first fell in love, and it was with Segunda Katigbak, a
girl from Lipa, Batangas and two years his junior.

1877- 1882 Medical Studies in University of Sto. Thomas

1878
In June, Rizal decided to switch gears in his
educational pursuits and transferred into the
medical courses at St. Tomas University. During
this time he also writes two poems that got him
further recognition

Leonor "Orang" Valenzuela. Rizal would send her

love letters written with invisible ink, which
could only be read by way of lamp or candle
light. Unfortunately, he had to say goodbye to
her on the night before he left for Spain.
1879
November 22, 1879: Liceoartistico-Literario (Artistic-
Literary Lyceum) of Manila, a society of literary men and
artists, held a literary contest. Rizal, who was 18 years
old then, submitted his poem entitled "A La Juventud
Filipina" (To the Filipino Youth). Rizal won first prize.

Leonor Rivera. Rizal's First Engagement. Leonor Rivera

was Rizal's love for 11 years and she was the reason he
tried not to fall in love with other women during his
travels. But, due to Rizal's being a Propagandist and
owing to the fact that he was the cause of many political
problems in Calamba, Leonor's mother disapproved of the
relationship.
1880
At the age of 19, Rizal wrote another poem
for a competition where he should have won
first prize. However, he was not given this
prize due to discrimination.

In December, Rizal produced his first

Operetta called On the Banks of the Pasig.
 1881
January 25: Rizal writes a poem for the Ateneo rector
entitled "Al muy R.P. Pablo Ramón, S.J., rector del Ateneo
en sus días"

Rizal created the commemorative medal in wax for the

Royal Economic Society of Friends centennial
celebration.
1882:
May 3: Rizal left the Philippines for the first time, he left the
country to complete his studies in Spain. He boarded the
Salvadora using a passport of the name Jose Mercado.

May 9: The Salvador docked at Singapore. In Singapore, Rizal

transferred to another ship Djemnah.

May 17: Djemnah reached Point Galle, and he found this place
lonely and Quiet.

May 18: The following day, the Djemnah reached Colombo, and
he found this place "Beautiful, Smart, and Elegant"
 NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
From the port, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe.

June 11: Rizal reached Naples which really pleased him because of its
business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic beauty. This
was the first European ground he set foot on.

June 12: The steamer docked at the French Harbor of Marseilles.

June 13: Rizal arrived early in the morning and boarded at the
Noalles Hotel.
June 15: He left for Barcelona in an express train
June 16: Rizal reached Barcelona. He thought of the city as ugly,
with dirty little inns and inhospitable residents, because he
happened to stay upon his arrival at the "town's most ugly side".
1882
August 20 : Diariong Tagalog published Rizal's first essay "Amor
Patria," using Laong Laan as pen name while in Barcelona

Consuelo Ortiga y Rey. In 1882, Rizal was a student at the

Universidad Central de Madrid. Being lonely and somewhat isolated
in a foreign country, Rizal found comfort in Consuelo's vivacious
company. He wrote her a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P. (To
Miss C.O.y P.), in which he expressed his great admiration for the
lady.

Rizal graduates from University of Sto. Tomas

 1882
Education in Europe: Academic Journey to Spain

MADRID
His thirst for knowledge of music, he visited the art
galleries and museums and read books on all subjects in
order to broaden his cultural background.

Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine

Circle) and wrote a poem entitled "Me Piden Versos" (They
ask me for Verses)
1883
PARIS
During Rizal's first summer vacation in Madrid, he went to Paris from
June 17 to August 20, 1883.
March 1883, Rizal joined the Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid. He
became a mason so that he could secure Freemasonry's aid in his fight
against the friars in the Philippines.
He was awarded the diploma as a Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de
France in Paris.

1885 Rizal finishes his Philosophy and Letters

Rizal in Paris
1886
José Rizal published a book critical of Spanish colonial
rule in the Philippines in 1886, while he was studying in
Europe.

-April 22 : Rizal writes the poem "A Las Flores de

Heildelberg" (To The Flowers of Heidelberg)

Rizal in Germany
 1887
March 21 : Copies of Noli Me Tangere become available. Rizal finished his
first novel entitled Noli Me Tangere while staying in Berlin.

April : Rizal submits his thesis "Arte Métrica del Tagalog" to the
Ethnographic Society of Berlin

August 30 : An order prohibiting the possession and reading of Noli Me

Tangere is issued

Rizal finishes his Ophthalmology Studies

1887
POSTDAM May 11, 1887

DRESDEN
Regional Floral Exposition
Visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer (Museum of Art)
Met Dr. Jagor who advised them to wire Blumentritt
1887
LEIMERITZ, BOHEMIA

Arrived on May 13, 1887 (1:30 p.m)

Meeting with Blumentritt– kind-hearted, old Austrian
professor who helped Rizal &Viola during their stay in
Leimeritz, greeted each other in fluent German. They
stayed from May 13 to May 16.
May 16 (9:45 A.M) they left Leimeritz by train.
 1887
PRAGUE
Carried letters of recommendation from Dr. Willkomm
Visited the tomb of Copernicus, museum of Natural
History and the famous cave of San Juan Nepomuceno.
1887
VIENNA
Rizal was fascinated by its beautiful buildings, religious
images, haunting waltzes and majestic charm.
GENEVA
June 19, 1887: Rizal treated Viola to a blowout on his 26th
birthday
June 23, Viola and Rizal parted ways
ITALY
he went to Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence
 1888
HONGKONG
February 3,1888: left Manila for Hongkong
February 7: stopover at Amony
He heard that the city was dirty.
February 8, 1888: arrival at Hongkong
He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including Jose
Basa, Balbino Mauricio and Manuel Yriarte.
Jose Sainz de Varanda – former secretary of Governor
General Terrero; believed to be a spy to Rizal
MACAO
Rizal was accompanied by Basa 1888
Visited the theatre, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical
garden and bazaars.
Feb.19 – he witnesses a procession
Feb.20 – returned to Hongkong
Feb.22, 1888 – left for Japan
JAPAN
Feb.28-Apr.13: arrival in Japan
YOKOHAMA
visited by Juan Perez Caballero
invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation
On March 7, he checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation.
1888
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
April 28, 1888: Rizal's first time in America
First went to San Francisco riding the steamer "Blegic"
All passengers of this ship was under quarantine since there was a
cholera epidemic but
Rizal knew that there was no cholera epidemic at the Far East during
that time; he then found out that the reason why the ship he rode
was placed under quarantine was because of political motivation.
This is where he witnessed discrimination of Chinese and Japanese by
the Americans
May 4, 1888: Rizal was allowed to go ashore
ENGLAND/UNITED KINGDOM
LONDON 1888
London was a safe place to continue his fight against Spanish
tyranny
Continued to write for La Solidaridad in defense of his people
against Spain

December 1888: Rizal visited Barcelona and Madrid

This was where Rizal first met Marcelo H Del Pilar and Mariano
Ponce(two titans of the propaganda movement)

December 31, 1888: Asociacion La Solidaridad was inaugurated. Rizal was

chosen honorary president
 Seiko Usui. During his stay in Japan, Rizal fell
in love with his guide, interpreter, and teacher
in the Japanese language.
1888
May, 1888 - Gertrude Beckett. Gettie was
apparently keen on Rizal, helping him with his
artwork. Supposedly, her assistance helped
Rizal finish his works, namely, 'Prometheus
Bound', 'The Triumph of Death over Life,' and
'The Triumph of Science over Death.
 February 2, 1889: Jose Rizal's legacy to
Filipino women is embodied in his famous essay
entitled, "To the Young Women of Malolos,"

1889
where he addresses all kinds of women –
mothers, wives, the unmarried, etc. and
expresses everything that he wishes them to
keep in mind.
March 31 : Rizal's "Me piden versos" (They Ask Me For Verses) is published in
La Solidaridad under the pen name Laong Laan

LONDON
February 15, 1889: La Solidaridad in Barcelona was founded by Graciano
Lopez Jaena
March 25,1889: Rizal's first article in the La Solidaridad entitled Los
Agricultores Filipinos was published.
 1889-1890
"The Philippines a Century Hence" is an essay
written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal to
forecast the future of the country within a
hundred years.
1890
Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos ("On the Indolence of the Filipinos" in
Spanish) is a socio-political essay published in La solidaridad in Madrid in
1890. It was written by José Rizal as a response to the accusation of Indio
or Malay indolence.

May 26 : Rizal's annotations of Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

become widely read in the Philippines

On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium.

January 28, 1890 - Suzanne Jacoby. Due to the high cost of living in Paris
during the 1890's, Rizal moved to Brussels where he stayed in a boarding
house owned by the Jacoby sisters. As time passed by, they fell in love but
it was for nothing since Rizal ended up leaving Brussels.
 1890
July 29, 1890, Rizal announced that he was
leaving Brussels at the beginning of the
following month and would arrived in
Madrid about the 3rd or 4th August.

On August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid, Spain.

An election took place Rizal won but declined the coveted position
and left Madrid.
1891
Publication of El Filibusterismo in Belgium
October 7 : Rizal informs del Pilar that he will stop writing
for La Solidaridad
October 9 : Rizal tells Ferdinand Blumentritt of his decision
to cease writing for La Solidaridad in order to avoid a schism
among the Filipinos in Spain
WITH THE BOUSTEADS IN BIARRITZ
Rizal arrived in Biarritz at the beginning of February, 1891
and was welcomed by the Bousteads family.
TO PARIS AND BACK TO BRUSSELS
1891
On March 30, 1891 Rizal went back to Paris and stayed at the home
of his friend, Valentin Ventura. By mid of April, 1891 Rizal went
back to Brussels and was welcomed by the Jacoby sisters.

November 20 1891: he arrived in Hongkong welcoming him with

Filipino relatives.

Nellie Boustead.Mestiza daughter of a Filipina and a wealthy

French-English merchant whose house was frequented by Filipinos
in France.
 1892
June 21 : Rizal writes a letter to Governor-General Eulogio Despujol,
informing the latter of his return to the Philippines

June 26: arrival in Manila with his sister, Lucia.

July 6 : Rizal is arrested and imprisoned in Fort Santiago for sedition and
anti-religion

July 7 : Despujol orders Rizal's exile to Dapitan

Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. Rizal did not agree with the conditions and
lived in the house of Capt. Carcinero which their relations were warm.
 1892
August 26, 1892: Rizal, on his part, admired the kind, generous
Spanish captain. As evidence of his esteem, he wrote a poem, "A Don
Ricardo Carnicero", on the occasion of the Captain's birthday.

July 6, 1892: Founded La Liga Filipina in the Philippines

September 1: Rizal-Pastells Debate on Religion

September 21: Wins Manila Lottery Second Prize
Rizal Challenges a Frenchman (Lardet) to a Duel
March 30, 1893: Lardet wrote to Rizal in French, dated Dapitan, apologizing
for the insulting comment and Rizal accepted the apology.

He built his house by the seashore of Talisay, surrounded by fruit trees. He

also had another house for his schoolboys and a hospital for his patients.

April 30: Rizal's "El consejo de los Dioses" is published in La Solidaridad

May 16 – Rizal's prison guardian Carnicero is replaced

August 28 - Leonor Rivera, Rizal's girlfriend for eleven years, dies

August 29 – Rizal's mother visits him in Dapitan

1893
November 3: Rizal's Encounter with the Friar's Spy (Florencio Namanan).
Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan. He operated on his mother's right
eye.
In Dapitan, he applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a
system of waterworks in order to furnish clean water to the
townspeople.
He spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid of
malaria that infested Dapitan
He equipped the town with its lighting system consisting of coconut oil
lamps placed in the dark streets of Dapitan.
He involved himself in the beautification of Dapitan: remodelling of
town plaza

1893
Rizal established a school in Dapitan.
1893
In honor of Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled "Himno A Talisay" for his
pupils to sing.
In partnership with Ramon Carreon, he made profitable business
ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the
hemp industry.
In a letter to Hidalgo, dated January 19, 1893, he expressed his plan
to improve the fishing industry of Dapitan.
On May 14, 1893, Rizal formed a business partnership with Ramon
Carreon (Dapitan businessman) in lime manufacturing.
1894
February: Governor-General Ramón Blanco visits Rizal in Dapitan

June : Rizal makes a successful operation on his mother's

cataract

August 21: Rizal exchanges information with Dr. Adolf Meyer

about animal and insect classification
Some of his pupils secretly went to Dapitan in a boat from
Talisay; a puppy of Syria. Rizal's dog tried to follow and was
devoured by a crocodile. Rizal reprimanded them.
1895
To break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan, Rizal
organized on January 1, 1895 the Cooperative Association of
Dapitan Farmers.
June 1 :Governor-General Blanco permits Rizal to establish an
agricultural colony in Dapitan

November: He invited a machine for making bricks.

October 22, 1895: Rizal wrote a poem entitled "Mi Retiro"(My
Retreat).
 1895
December 17, 1895: Act in response to
Blumentritts advice to be volunteer doctor in
cuba, Rizal wrote to governor General Ramon
Blanco, Despojul's successor. Months passed
and he received no reply from Malacañang.

February 1895 - Josephine Bracken. The woman who stayed with

Rizal until his execution in 1896. It is said that Rizal was attracted
to her physically, and that his loneliness had taken over and that it
was better than to be in love again.
 1892-1896
Rizal explored the jungle and coasts seeking specimens of animals and
plants.
Rizal built up a rich collection of oncology, which consisted of 346 shells
representing 203 species.
He discovered some rare specimens who were named in his honor by the
scientists. Among these was Draco rizali (a flying dragon), Apogonia rizali
(a small beetle), and Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog).
Rizal also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological,
geological and geographical studies
In Dapitan he learned the Bisayan, Subanun, and Malay languages.
He wrote Tagalog grammar, made a comparative study of the Bisayan and
Malayan languages, and studied the Bisayan (Cebuan) and Subanun
languages.
 1892-1896
By this time, Rizal could rank with the world's great linguist. He knew 22
languages.
Artistic Works in Dapitan: He contributed his painting skill to the Sisters
of Charity. Rizal modeled the right foot of the image, the apple, and the
serpent's head. He also designed the exquisite curtain, which was painted in
oil by an artist Sister under his direction.
Rizal made sketches of persons and things that attracted him in Dapitan.
He had sketches of the numerous fishes he caught in Dapitan waters.
Sculptural works: a bust of Father Guerrico (one of his Ateneo
professors), a statue of a girl called "The Dapitan Girl," woodcarving of
Josephine Bracken (his wife), and a bust of St. Paul
1892-1896
He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay, where he built his home,
school, and hospital, and for agriculture.
On his farms, Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture
Rizal dreamed of establishing an agricultural colony in the Sitio
of Ponot near Sindangan Bay, where there was plenty of water and
good port facilities.
He bequeathed a book personally bound by him in Dapitan to his
'best and dearest friend.' When Blumentritt received it in his
hometown Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) he broke down and wept.
1896
The school he established in Dapitan was discontinued.
May 2,1896: Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order
to inform Rizal of the plan of Katipunan to launch a revolution for
freedom's sake.

June 21, 1896: Rizal welcomed Dr. Valenzuela to Dapitan. Valenzuela

told him of the Katipunan plan and the necessity of his support.

Rizal objected to Bonifacio's audacious project to plunge the

country in bloody revolution. He was of the sincere belief that it was
premature.
 1896
July 1, 1896: Letter from Governor Blanco arrived in Dapitan,
notifying him of the acceptance of his offer to become a
military doctor in Cuba
Rizal wrote a poem called "The Song of the Travelers (El Canto
del Viajero)" for he will resume his travels in Europe then to
Cuba for he'll be a military doctor there.
July 31, 1896, Rizal's four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end.
1896
When his ship docked at the first port on the way to the Americas, a
telegram came, ordering his return to Manila. He was placed under
arrest on the grounds of complicity in the revolution.
August 23 :The Philippine Revolution starts with the Cry of
Pugadlawin
December 15: Imprisoned in Fort Santiago, Rizal writes a manifesto to
the Filipinos to stop the revolution. The Spanish authorities, however,
do not publish the document
 December 26, 8am: Court-martial of Rizal commenced. The
hearing was actually a kind of moro-moro. The trial took place
at Cuartel de España with a court headed by Lt. Col. Jose
TogoresArjona. Atty. Alcocer urged the court that the latter
be punished with death. Lt. Taviel de Andrade, on the other hand,
later took the floor reading his speech in defense of Rizal. To
supplement this, Rizal read his own defense (12 points to prove
his innocence).

1896
1896
December 27: But the military court remained indifferent to the pleads
of Rizal. After a short deliberation, he was sentenced to be shot in
musketry until death. Rizal was charged with rebellion, sedition, and the
formation of illegal societies. The decision was submitted to Gov.
Polavieja who immediately sought the opinion of Nicolas de la Peña. – the
latter found the verdict just and final.

December 29, 1896:, his poem, Miúltimoadiós believed to be written, was

hidden in an alcohol stove (his sister was reminded already by him),
which was later handed to his family with his few remaining possessions,
including the final letters and his last bequests. This instruction was
followed by another, "Look in my shoes", in which another item was
secreted.
December 29: The governor general signed the court's decision
and ordered Rizal's execution.

December 30, 12am: He was held in a dungeon where he penned his

last piece of writing called My Last Farewell (Mi Ultimo Adios).
He concealed it inside an oil lamp, which he handed to his sisters
on the eve of his execution. He also wrote an address to Filipino
insurgents to lay down their arms against the Spanish. The
address was never made public, but was added to the list of
charges against him.

1896
 1896
December 30, 1896: Moments before his prosecution, there were
spanish army troops behind the squad of filipino soldiers in case
they failed to obey orders. Rizal walked calmly to his death at
7:00am, to a field by Manila Bay called Bagumbayan. The Spanish
Army Surgeon General requested to take his pulse: it was normal.
Aware of this the Sergeant commanding the backup force hushed
his men to silence when they began raising "vivas" with the highly
partisan crowd of Peninsular and Mestizo Spaniards. His last
words were those of Jesus Christ: "consummatumest",–it is
finished.
1896
In the afternoon, Narcisa discovers a newly dug grave at Paco
Cemetery. She marks it with a marble plaque, with Rizal's initials
in reverse

His martyrdom set the country aflame. A revolution broke out,

and soon Asia had its first independent republic, cut short by the
Americans' entry into the Pacific.
 1898
August 1898: Exhumation of his remains in August 1898, under
American rule, revealed he had been uncoffined, his burial not
on sanctified ground granted the 'confessed' faithful, and
whatever was in his shoes had disintegrated.

July : Narcisa retrieves Rizal's remains, storing them in an urn

made by Romualdo Teodoro de Jesús