NUMERICAL PROBLEMS CHAPTER THREE

1. Fill in the blanks in the following table with the corresponding properties of water or by the
symbol , when it is not relevant or meaningless or by the symbol ─, when it is
indeterminate.
S.N. P, kPa T, 0 C x, % v, m3/kg
1 300 200
2 300 65
3 200 0.1050
4 10000 0.04863
5 20000 120
6 5000 0.03944
7 150 0.00109
8 101.32 100

2. Determine the pressure for water at 2500C with specific volume of 0.25 m 3/kg.
3. Determine the temperature and quality (if needed) for water at a pressure of 200 kPa and
having a specific volume of
(a) 0.8 m3/kg
(b) 1.25 m3/kg.
4. A rigid vessel contains 8 kg of water at 1200C. If 5 kg of the water is in the liquid form and
the rest in the vapor form. Determine:
(a) the pressure in the vessel,
(b) the volume of the tank,
(c) the volume of saturated liquid and saturated vapor respectively, and
(d) the specific enthalpy of H2O.
5. A two phase mixture of H2O has a temperature of 2000C. The mass of saturated liquid is 1
kg and saturated vapor is 3 kg. Determine the pressure and volume of the mixture.
6. A 0.3 m3 rigid vessel contains 5 kg of water at 150 kPa. Determine:
(a) the temperature,
(b) the mass of each phase, and
(c) the specific enthalpy.
7. A closed rigid vessel contains 0.1 m3 of saturated liquid and 0.9 m 3 of saturated vapor of
water in equilibrium at 2000C. Determine its quality.
8. A vessel contains 2 kg of saturated liquid water and saturated water vapor mixture at a
temperature of 1500C. One third of the volume is saturated liquid and two third is saturated
vapor. Determine the pressure, quality and volume of the mixture.
9. 2 kg of water is contained in a rigid vessel of volume 0.5 m 3. Heat is added until the
temperature is 1500C. Determine:
(a) the final pressure,
(b) the mass of the vapor at the final state, and
 (c) the volume of the vapor at the final state.
10. Saturated water vapor at 200 kPa is in a freely moving piston cylinder device. At this state
piston is 0.1 m from the bottom. Determine the height of the piston when the temperature is
(a) 2500C
(b) 1500C
(c) 1000C
11. Water in a piston cylinder device evaporates at a temperature of 1200C. If the diameter of the
piston is 0.15 m and the local atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, what is the mass of the
piston? [Take g = 9.81 m/s 2]
12. A piston cylinder device containing water has a piston mass of 50 kg and a cross sectional
area of 0.01001 m 2. If the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa, determine the temperature at
which water will start boiling. [Take g = 9.81 m/s 2]
13. 5 kg of H2O is contained in a closed rigid container with an initial pressure and quality of
1000 kPa and 40 % respectively. Heat is added to the system until the container holds only
saturated vapor. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine:
(a) the volume of the container, and
(b) the final pressure.
14. A rigid vessel with volume of 0.4 m 3 contains 2 kg of water in the form of saturated liquid
and saturated vapor mixture. Heat is supplied to the system from an external source.
Determine the temperature at which the water in the vessel is completely vaporized.
15. Water initially at saturated vapor state is heated in a closed rigid vessel from an initial
temperature 1500C to a final temperature of 6000C. Sketch the process and P-v and T-v
diagrams and determine the initial and final pressure.
16. Steam contained in a closed container initially at a pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of
4000C. The temperature drops as a result of heat transfer to the surroundings until the
temperature reaches 800C. Sketch the P-v diagram and Determine:
(a) the pressure at which the condensation first occurs,
(b) the pressure and quality at final state, and
(c) the percentage of volume occupied by the saturated liquid at the final state.
17. Water is contained in a rigid vessel of 5 m 3 at a quality of 0.8 and a pressure of 2 MPa. If it is
cooled to a pressure of 400 kPa, determine the mass of saturated liquid and saturated vapor at
the final state.
18. A rigid container with a volume of 0.170 m 3 is initially filled with steam at 200 kPa, 3000C.
It is cooled to 900C.
(a) At what temperature does a phase change start to occur?
(b) What is the final pressure?
(c) What mass fraction of the water is liquid in the final state?
19. A 0.05 m3 rigid vessel initially contains a mixture of saturated liquid and saturated vapor at
100 kPa. The water is now heated until it reaches the critical state. Determine the mass and
volume of the saturated liquid water at the initial state.
20. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P3.20 contains 0.5 kg of water initially at a
pressure of 1 MPa and 2500C. Heat is lost by the system until it becomes saturated liquid.
Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the work transfer.
21. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P3.21 contains 0.2 kg of a mixture of saturated
liquid water and saturated water vapor at a temperature of 500C and a volume of 0.03 m 3.
The mass of the piston resting on the stops is 50 kg and the cross sectional area of the piston
is 12.2625 cm 2. The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Heat is transferred until it becomes
saturated vapor. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine:
(a) the temperature at which the piston just leaves the stops,
(b) the final pressure, and
(c) the total work transfer. [Take g = 9.81 m/s 2]
22. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P3.22 contains water initially at a pressure of 125
kPa with a quality of 50 %. Heat is added to the system until it reaches to a final temperature
of 8000C. It takes a pressure of 600 kPa to lift the piston from the stops. Sketch the process
on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine:
(a) the mass of H2O in the system, and
(b) the total work transfer.
23. A piston cylinder device shown in Figure P3.23 contains 2 kg of water initially at a pressure
of 500 kPa with a quality of 20 %. The water is heated until it becomes a saturated vapor.
The volume of the system when the piston is at the upper stops is 0.4 m 3. Sketch the process
on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine:
(a) the final pressure, and
(b) the total work transfer.

Figure P3.20 Figure P3.21 Figure P3.22 Figure P3.23

24. The frictionless piston shown in Figure P3.24 has a mass of 20 kg and a cross sectional area
of 78.48 cm 2. Heat is added until the temperature reaches 4000C. If the quality of the H2O at
the initial state is 0.2, determine:
(a) the initial pressure,
(b) the mass of H2O,
(c) the quality of the system when the piston hits the stops,
(d) the final pressure, and
(e) the total work transfer.
 [Take Patm = 100 kPa, g = 9.81 m/s2]
25. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P3.25 contains 0.2 kg of water initially at a
pressure of 150 kPa with a quality of 40 %. The system is heated to a position where the
piston is locked, and then cooled till it becomes a saturated vapor at a temperature of 60 0C.
Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the total work transfer.
26. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P3.26 contains 1 kg of water initially at a
pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 5000C. The water is cooled until it is completely
converted into the saturated liquid. It requires a pressure of 400 kPa to support the piston.
Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the total work transfer.
27. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P3.27 contains water initially at a pressure
of 1 MPa and a temperature of 4000C. Heat is transferred from the system to the
surroundings until its pressure drops to 100 kPa. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams
and determine:
(a) the mass of H2O in the system, and
(b) the total work transfer.

Figure P3.24 Figure P3.25 Figure P3.26 Figure P3.27

28. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P3.28 contains 2 kg of water initially at a
pressure of 200 kPa and a temperature of 500C. Heat is added until the piston reaches the
upper stops where the total volume is 1.5 m 3. It takes a pressure of 600 kPa to lift the piston.
Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the final temperature and the
work transfer.
29. A piston cylinder device with a linear spring initially contains water at a pressure of 4 MPa
and 5000C with the initial volume being 0.1 m 3, as shown in Figure P3.29. If the piston is at
the bottom, the system pressure is 300 kPa. The system now cools until the pressure reaches
1000 kPa. Sketch the process on P-v diagram and determine
(a) the mass of H2O
(b) the final temperature and volume, and
(c) the total work transfer.
30. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in Figure P3.30 contains water initially at P1 = 100
kPa, x1 = 0.8 and V1 = 0.01 m3. When the system is heated, it encounters a linear spring (k =
100 kN/m). At this state volume is 0.015 m 3. The heating continues till its pressure is 200
kPa. If the diameter of the piston is 0.15 m, determine
(a) the final temperature, and
(b) the total work transfer.
Also sketch the process on P-v diagram.

Figure P3.28 Figure P3.29 Figure P3.30

 EXAM QUESTIONS
1. A vessel contains 1kg of steam which contains 1/3 liquid and 2/3 vapor by volume. The temperature
of steam is 151.87°C. Find the quality, specific volume and specific enthalpy of the mixture.( 2006
spring,2011 fall,2015 spring).
2. A two phase liquid vapor mixture of 𝐻_2 𝑂 is at 30 bar. If on heating a fixed volume, critical point is
attained. Determine the quality at initial state. (2010 fall).
3. A rigid tank contains steam at 200 kPa. One third of its volume is in liquid phase rest is in vapor
phase. Determine the temperature of steam and specific volume.(2015).
4. A piston cylinder device contains 0.1 𝑚^3 of liquid water and 0.9 𝑚^3 of water vapor in equilibrium
at 800 kPa. Heat is transferred at constant pressure until the temperature reaches 350°C.
 What is the initial temperature of water?
 Determine total mass of water.
 Calculate the final volume
5. A closed rigid container with a volume of 0.2 initially contains a mixture of saturated liquid water
and saturated water vapor at a pressure of 100kPa with a quality of 50%. Heat is added to a system
until it reaches 200kPa. Sketch the process on P-v and T-v diagram and determine.
o The temperature of each state
o The mass of vapor present at each state
o If the heating continued, determine the pressure at which the container holds only
saturated vapor. (2020fall)
6. A piston cylinder arrangement shown in a figure 6.1 contains 2 kg of water initially at pressure of
600 kPa and a temperature of 350℃. Heat is rejected from the system until it is completely
converted into saturated liquid. It requires a pressure of 400kpa to support the piston. Sketch the
process on P-v and T-v diagrams and determine the temperature when piston just starts to move
and the total work transfer. (2013 spring)
7. A piston cylinder device initially contains 50L of liquid water at 40℃ and 200 kPa. Heat is transferred
to the water at constant pressure until entire liquid is vaporized. Determine
 The mass of the water
 The final temperature
 The total enthalpy change
 T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.(2018 Fall)

8. A vessel having a volume 0.4𝑚�^3 of contains 2 kg of liquid water and vapor mixture in
equilibrium at a pressure of 600kPa.Calculate
 The volume and mass of liquid
 The volume and mass of vapor (2013,2014 Fall and spring)

Fig 6.1
Fig 6.1