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ASSIGNMENT 2 Final Answers To Edit

The document describes the motion of two particles. For the first particle, the coordinates are given as functions of time t. The velocity and acceleration vectors are calculated at times t=0s and t=5s. For the second particle, the involute curve equation is given as a function of an unwinding string's angular speed ω. The speed of the string's end is shown to be Rω2 and perpendicular to the string.

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Iekram Ramiek
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247 views

ASSIGNMENT 2 Final Answers To Edit

The document describes the motion of two particles. For the first particle, the coordinates are given as functions of time t. The velocity and acceleration vectors are calculated at times t=0s and t=5s. For the second particle, the involute curve equation is given as a function of an unwinding string's angular speed ω. The speed of the string's end is shown to be Rω2 and perpendicular to the string.

Uploaded by

Iekram Ramiek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The coordinates of a particle undergoing plane motion are 𝑥 = 15 − 2𝑡 2 𝑚 𝑦 = 15 − 10𝑡 + 𝑡 2 𝑚

where t is the time in seconds. Find the velocity and acceleration vectors at (a) t = 0 s; and (b) t =
5 s.

The velocity of the particle along the x direction

dx
Vx =
dt

If x = 15 – 2t2

d
Vx = ¿15 – 2t2)
dt

Vx = -4t

The velocity of the particle along the y direction

dy
Vy = ¿15 – 2t2)
dt

If X = 15 – 2t2 + t2
dy
Vy = ¿15 – 2t2 + t2)
dt

Vy = -10 + 2t

The acceleration of the particle along x direction

d Vx
ax =
dt

if Vx = -4t

d
ax = (-4t)
dt

ax = -4 m/s2

The acceleration of the particle along y direction

d Vy
ay =
dt
if Vy = -10 + 2t

d
ay = (-10 + 2t)
dt

ay = 2 m/s2

The velocity vector of the particle at t=0 s.

If Vx = -4t
Then,
Vx = -4(0) = 0 m/s

If Vy = -10 + 2t
Then,
Vy = -10 + 2(0) = -10 m/s

Then, the velocity is 0i + (-10) j m/s.


Therefore, 10j m/s.

The acceleration vector of the particle at t=0 s.

If ax = -4 m/s2
Then,
ax = -4 m/s2

if ay = 2 m/s2
Then,
ay = 2 m/s2

Thus, the acceleration vector is -4i + 2j m/s2.

The velocity vector of the particle at t=5 s.

If Vx = -4t
Then,
Vx = -4(5) = -20 m/s

If Vy = -10 + 2t
Then,
Vy = -10 + 2(5) = 0 m/s
Then, the velocity is 20i + 0j m/s.
Therefore, 20i m/s.

The acceleration vector of the particle at t=5s.

If ax = -4 m/s2
Then,
ax = -4 m/s2

if ay = 2 m/s2
Then,
ay = 2 m/s2

Thus, the acceleration vector is -4i + 2j m/s2.

When a taut string is unwound from a stationary cylinder, the end B of the string generates a
curve known as the involute of a circle. If the string is unwound at the constant angular speed ω,
the equation of the involute is

𝑥 = 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 + 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 − 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 where R is the radius of the cylinder.
Find the speed of B as a function of time. Show that the velocity vector is always perpendicular
to the string.
Vector of the string AB.

rAB = r ¿
= r(sin(ωt)I – cos (ωt ¿ j ¿

Here, r is the length of the string AB.

The velocity of the cylinder along x direction.


dx
Vx =
dt
x = 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 + 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
d
Vx = (𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 + 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡)
dt
= -R𝜔sin𝜔t + R𝜔sin𝜔t + R𝜔2tcoswt
= R𝜔2tcoswt

The velocity of the cylinder along y direction.

dy
Vx =
dt
Y= 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 − 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
d
V(y) = (𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 − 𝑅𝜔𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡)
dt
= R𝜔cos𝜔t - R𝜔cos𝜔t + R𝜔2tsinwt
= R𝜔2tsinwt

Then, the velocity of yhr cylinder is


V = vxi +vyj
V= R𝜔 tcoswt + R𝜔2tsinwt
2

Thus, V = R𝜔2t

To determine the expression for rAB . V


R (sin(𝜔t)I – cos (𝜔t) j ) for rAB and R𝜔2t for V.

Thus, r AB . V = 0
Therefore, the velocity vector is always perpendicular to the string.

The spatial motion of a particle is described by 𝑥 = 3𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 𝑦 = −4𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 𝑧 = −6𝑡 + 9 where


the coordinates are measured in feet and the time t is in seconds. (a) Determine the velocity and
acceleration vectors of the particle as functions of time. (b) Verify that the particle is undergoing
plane motion (the motion is not in a coordinate plane) by showing that the unit vector
perpendicular to the plane formed by v and a is constant.

Given , the spatial motion of a particle is

x = 3t2 + 4t, y = -4t2 + 3t , z= -6t + 9


(a) Velocity and acceleration vectors of the particle as function of time :-
Position of the particle

r = xi + yj + zk

Here, (x,y,z) are the coordinates of the particle

substitute 3t2 + 4t for x, -4t2 + 3t for y,  -6t + 9 for z


r = (3t2 + 4t) i +(-4t2 + 3t) j + (-6t + 9) k

The velocity of the particle


dr
V=
dt
r = (3t2 + 4t) i +(-4t2 + 3t) j + (-6t + 9) k
d
V = ((3t2 + 4t) i +(-4t2 + 3t) j + (-6t + 9) k)
dt
= (6t+4)I +(-8t + 3) + (-6) k

Acceleration of the particle

dv
a=
dt

v = (6t+4) i +(-8t + 3) j + (-6) k

d
a= ((6t+4) i +(-8t + 3) j + (-6) k)
dt

a = 6i -8j

Therefore the acceleration is 6i -8j m/s2.

Vector normal to the plane formed by velocity and acceleration

v.a = ((6t+4)I +(-8t + 3) + (-6) k) (6i -8j)


= 48tk – 18k – 36j – 48tk -32k -48i
= -48i – 36j – 50k

The respective unit vector

−48 i−36 j−50 k


λ= 2 2
√(−48) +(−36 ) +(−50)

= 0.615 I + 0.461j +0.64 k


As independent to time (t) orientation of the plane does not wary with the location of the particle from
the unit vector expression. Therefore, the particle is in plane motion on an inclined plane.

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