a 2 it Simple ss Present Continuous VERB TENSES, Ie takes s or es in the third person singular rN a ermanent truths = Summer follows spring. The Present Period ~ His father works in a bank. Habitual actions = She gets up at seven every day. Future reference (Timetables / Programmes; Events in the calendar) - The exhibition opens on January 1° and closes on January 31%, = The bus arrives at 3:00. Usually; some | Usually; sometimes: evary Be - Present simple + -ing form of the verb ‘Actions in progress at the moment of speaking = Someone’s knocking on the door. Temporary situations ~ What’s your daughter doing these days? She’s studying English at Oxford University. Planned actions: Future reference; arrangements ~ We're spending next winter in Australia. -We are having a birthday party tomorrow. Repeated actions - she’s always helping people. (Now the moment) Past Simple Regular verbs - infinitive + ed Irregular verbs - second column Completed actions in the past -Sam phoned a moment ago. -She went to London last Summer. ~Yesterday I came to school on foot. (Time reference must be given) Past habit - He smoked forty cigarettes a day till he gave up. The immediate past (Without time reference - short time ago) - Who left the door open?Past Continuous ‘Auxiliary Be - Past simple + - ing form of the verb ‘Actions in progress in the past Si = Michael was working on his essay last night. Actions which began before something else happened - (When, As, Just as, While) -Jane met Frank when she was living in Hollywood. ~Just as | was leaving the house the phone rang. Parallel actions = While | was reading, the students were writing. Repeated actions ~ When he worked here, Roger was always making mistakes. Present Perfect Auxiliary have - Present simple + Past Participle of the verb To describe actions beginning in the past and continuing up to the present - Thaven’t seen him this morning. Actions occuring at an unspecified time in the past - Have you passed your driving test? -It’s the most interesting book I've ever read. Since and For - I've lived here since 1981 - I've lived here for 17 years. Recent actions - He has recently arrived from New York. “haven't read the book yet. -He has already typed the letter “She has just tidied up the room. Past Perfect Auxiliary have - Past simple + Past Participle of the verb | Earlier Past - (An event in | the past which happens before another event in the past) ~ When we arrived Anne had left. (before we got there) When we arrived Anne left, (at that moment)No sooner ... than , Hardly / Scarcely / Barely ... | when | “The teacher had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her. | Present Perfect Continuous yee nT heer arose , tions a progress Auxiliary Be - Present perfect throughout a period in the * -ing form of the verb Present ~She's very tired, She has been typing letters all day. Past Perfect Continuous | | Actions in progress Auxiliary Be - Past perfect + throughout a period in the “ing form of the verb | past -She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. Future Simple Promises Will/will not (wont) + = Hithelp you. infinitive of the verb Predictions, hopes and fears often after verbs such s ‘expect, hope, imagine, suppose, think - The population of the world will reach eight billion by 2024. -Ihope you'll find a job soon. Decisions at the moment of speaking - Very well - I'll see him. -I think I'll go home. I'm very tired. Plans, with expressions of Possibility or with conditions = Perhaps I'll do it. > They'll probably come this evening. = Ill do it if tan. Offers, suggestions and requests of advice ~ Shall | do it for you? - Shall we go now? - What shall | do? Orders (Firm determination) and Requests - You'll do exactly as I tell you. -you wont do it again | -Will you close that window?Retusals - | won't do it, Conditionals - Type 1 -If they study hard, they"tt pass their examination. Formal arrangements ~The government will decide on taxation rises tomorrow. Offers -will you help me do my homework? Future (Going to) Present simple of Be + going to + Infinitive of the verb ‘To talk about a future situation which already has signs/evidence or causes in the present. -Look at that wall! It’s leaning out - it’s going to fall down one of these days. To talk about intentions concerning things already decided (NOT newly decided) -I'm going to paint my room this summer - I've already chosen the colours | want. Future Continuous Future of Be (Will 7 won't be) + -ing form of the verb ‘Actions in progress in the future at a certain time ~The quests will be arriving at any moment. Future Perfect Will have /won’t have + Past Participle of the verb To refer to something that will be finished by a certain time in the future Used with by / not ... tilVuntil + time -You will have read the book by February. | Conditional Would + infinitive of the verb | Conditionals - Type 2 If he became President, it would be great. Conditional Perfect ‘Would have - Past Participle Conditionals - Type 3 of the verb If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam. Gerund / ing form infinitive + -ing Play - playing; Do - doing. Imperative ‘Affirmative - The same form as infinitive without to Negative - do not (don't) + infinitive Try again - you nearly did it Don't do that again.