INSTITUT LATIHAN KEMENTERIAN

KESIHATAN MALAYSIA JOHOR BAHRU

KURSUS DIPLOMA PEMBANTU PERUBATAN

TAHUN 2 SEMESTER 2

CASE STUDY : WAD PEMBEDAHAN HOSPITAL

TEMENGGONG SERI MAHARAJA TUN IBRAHIM
KULAI

TAJUK : CARBUNCLE

NO. KAD
NAMA NO MATRIK KUMPULAN
PENGENALAN

MUHAMMAD FARDZLI
BPP2018-0677 960104-13-6323 JULAI 2018
BIN MATJAKIR

TARIKH SERAHAN :
PENGESAHAN PENERIMAAN :
NAMA PENGAJAR :
TARIKH :

UNTUK MEMENUHI KEHENDAK KURIKULUM

PROGRAM DIPLOMA PEMBANTU PERUBATAN
 ISI KANDUNGAN

MUKA
BIL. PERKARA
SURAT
1. Tajuk

2. Pengenalan

3. Literature review

4. Perbincangan / hujah

5. Rumusan

6. Rujukan

7. Lampiran
 PENGENALAN

A carbuncle is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly

with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The presence of a carbuncle
is a sign that the immune system is active and fighting the infection. The infection is
contagious and may spread to other areas of the body, or other people; those living in
the same residence may develop carbuncles at the same time. In the early 21st
century, infection involving methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has
become more common.

A carbuncle is a red, swollen, and painful cluster of boils that are connected
to each other under the skin. A boil (or furuncle) is an infection of a hair follicle that
has a small collection of pus (called an abscess) under the skin. Usually single, a
carbuncle is most likely to occur on a hairy area of the body such as the back or nape
of the neck. But a carbuncle also can develop in other areas of the body such as the
buttocks, thighs, groin, and armpits.

These bacteria can cause infection by entering the skin through a hair follicle,
small scrape, or puncture, although sometimes there is no obvious point of entry.
Filled with pus -- a mixture of old and white blood cells, bacteria, and dead skin cells
-- carbuncles must drain before they're able to heal. Carbuncles are more likely than
boils to leave scars. An active boil or carbuncle is contagious: the infection can spread
to other parts of the person's body or to other people through skin-to-skin contact or
the sharing of personal items. it's important to practice appropriate self-care measures,
like keeping the area clean and covered, until the carbuncle drains and heals.

Older age, obesity, poor hygiene, and poor overall health are associated with
carbuncles. Other risk factors for carbuncles include Chronic skin conditions, which
damage the skin's protective barrier, diabetes, kidney disease, Liver disease and any
condition or treatment that weakens the immune system. Also known as boils.
Furuncle is small abscess exuding purulent material, involving skin and subcutis in
areas with hair follicles. Carbuncle is aggregate of connected furuncles, involves
multiple hair follicles
 LITERATURE REVIEW
A carbuncle is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly
with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The presence of a carbuncle
is a sign that the immune system is active and fighting the infection. The infection is
contagious and may spread to other areas of the body, or other people; those living in
the same residence may develop carbuncles at the same time. In the early 21st
century, infection involving methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has
become more common.

The word is believed to have originated from the Latin: carbunculus, originally
a small coal; diminutive of carbon-, carbo: charcoal or ember, but also a carbuncle
stone, "precious stones of a red or fiery colour", usually garnets. In 1984 Charles,
Prince of Wales, described the proposed Sainsbury Wing extension to the National
Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant
friend", a term he has used since to describe other pieces of architecture.

The initial cause of a carbuncle can often not be determined. Triggers that
make carbuncle infections more likely include recent incidence of folliculitis; friction
from clothing or shaving; having hair pulled out, such as sites where clothing or
furniture grab at hairs; generally poor hygiene; poor nutrition; or weakened immunity.
Poor health may be a predisposing factor – for example, persons with diabetes and
immune system diseases are more likely to develop infections (especially bacterial
infections of the leg or foot).

A carbuncle usually develops when Staphylococcus aureus bacteria enter your

hair follicles. These bacteria are also referred to as “staph.” Scrapes and other broken
skin make it easy for bacteria to enter your body and cause an infection. This can
result in boils or carbuncles (a cluster of boils) filled with fluid and pus. The moist
parts of your body are particularly susceptible to this infection because bacteria thrive
in these areas. Carbuncles are usually found on the back of the neck, shoulders, or
thigh. They can also appear on your face, neck, armpits, or buttocks; or any area you
sweat or experience friction
 In rare cases, bacteria from a carbuncle can escape into the bloodstream and
cause serious complications, including sepsis and infections in other parts of the body
such as the lung, bones, joints, heart, blood, and central nervous system. Sepsis is an
overwhelming infection of the body that is a medical emergency and can be fatal if
left untreated. Symptoms include chills, a spiking fever, rapid heart rate, and a feeling
of being extremely ill. Carbuncle can be treated using antibiotic such as erythromycin,
dicloxacillin and clindamycin.

A carbuncle is palpable and can range in size to be as small as a pea or as large

as a golf ball. Surface is red, looking like hot red coal. The surrounding area is
indurated. Later, skin on the centre of the carbuncle softens and peripheral satellite
vesicles appear, which rupture discharging pus and give rise to cribriform appearance.
As the impending infection develops, itching may occur. There may be localized
erythema, skin irritation, and the area may be painful when touched. Sometimes more
severe symptoms may occur, such as fatigue, fever, chills, and general malaise as the
body fights the infection.
 PERBINCANGAN

A carbuncle is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly

with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The presence of a carbuncle
is a sign that the immune system is active and fighting the infection. A carbuncle is
palpable and can range in size to be as small as a pea or as large as a golf ball. Surface
is red, looking like hot red coal. The surrounding area is indurated. Later, skin on the
centre of the carbuncle softens and peripheral satellite vesicles appear, which rupture
discharging pus and give rise to cribriform appearance. As the impending infection
develops, itching may occur. There may be localized erythema, skin irritation, and the
area may be painful when touched. Sometimes more severe symptoms may occur,
such as fatigue, fever, chills, and general malaise as the body fights the infection.

Staphylococcus aureus is most commonly found in intertriginous regions

(where two skin areas may touch or rub together) of nostrils, armpits, groin and
intergluteal cleft. Staphylococcus aureus is present in patients in intertriginous
regions, but may be transferred to other sites by scratching. Tiny nicks or scratches in
the skin can inoculate the bacteria into the wall of a hair follicle, a weak point in the
skin. Once innoculated, bacteria cause a boil, which runs its usual infectious course in
about 10 days.
Carbuncle can be prevent by doing proper hygiene such as wash your hands
before eating and after using the bathroom, shower often to keep your skin free of
bacteria, avoid squeezing boils or rubbing any broken skin and wash clothes, sheets,
and towels regularly in hot water. Older age, obesity, poor hygiene, and poor overall
health are associated with carbuncles. Other risk factors for carbuncles include
Chronic skin conditions, which damage the skin's protective barrier, diabetes, kidney
disease, Liver disease and any condition or treatment that weakens the immune
system. Also known as boils. Furuncle is small abscess exuding purulent material,
involving skin and subcutis in areas with hair follicles. Carbuncle is aggregate of
connected furuncles, involves multiple hair follicles.

In rare cases, bacteria from a carbuncle can escape into the bloodstream and
cause serious complications, including sepsis and infections in other parts of the body
such as the lung, bones, joints, heart, blood, and central nervous system. Sepsis is an
overwhelming infection of the body that is a medical emergency and can be fatal if
left untreated. Symptoms include chills, a spiking fever, rapid heart rate, and a feeling
of being extremely ill. Carbuncle can be treated using antibiotic such as erythromycin,
dicloxacillin and clindamycin.
 RUMUSAN

Carbuncle can occur to people who neglecting hygiene. But the most common is
the carbuncle happen to people who have diabetes. Carbuncle can be dangerous and
let to sepsis if not be treat properly. This especially to the people that have diabetes
cause even the smallest wound can cause them problem. This is because the people
that have diabetes is having difficulty of healing the wound without proper treatment.
Carbuncle can be treat using antibiotic such as erythromycin and rifampicin.

If carbuncle left untreated it can cause mortality to the patient and sometimes
carbuncle can also be recurrent.
 RUJUKAN

1. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skinnontumorcarbuncle.html
2. https://www.healthline.com/health/carbuncle#treatments
3. https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/carbuncles-
causes-treatments#1
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuncle
LAMPIRAN