Measurement and Instrumentation

(Course Code: BEL04002)

Gyan Ranjan Biswal

PhD (IITR), FIE, SMIEEE, LMISTE
HOD and Associate Professor
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEE)
VSS University of Technology (VSSUT), Burla
PIN – 768018, Sambalpur (Odisha), India

E-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.vssut.ac.in
Google Scholar: Gyan Biswal
Home Page: http://in.linkedin.com/pub/gyan-biswal/14/458/a8
ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-1985

Contact Hours: Friday, 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM at E-106

VSSUT, Burla Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Gyan Ranjan Biswal received his B.E. in Electronics Engineering from the Pt. Ravishankar Shukla
University, India in 1999 and M. Tech. (Honors) in Instrumentation & Control Engineering from the
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, India in 2009 followed by Ph.D. in Electrical
Engineering, specialized in the area of Power System Instrumentation (Power Generation Automation)
from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India in 2012.
He is expertise in Design and Development of cooling systems for large size electrical generators, and
the C&I of process industries. He has been in academia for about twelve years. Presently, he is with VSS
University of Technology, Burla, India at the capacity of Head and Associate Professor, EEE from Dec.
2016. He has more than 70 publications in various Journals and Conferences of Internationally repute to
his credit. He also holds a patent as well, and filed one more. He also adapted one international edition
book published by Pearson India. He received research grants of US$90,000 (INR 53 lakhs). He has
been supervised 01 PhD thesis and 09 Masters’ theses. He has also been recognized with many national
and international awards by elite bodies. He has been awarded with CICS award under the head of
Indian National Science Academy for travel support to USA, MHRD Fellowship by Govt. of India, and
Gopabandhu Das Scholarship in his career. His major areas of interests are Power System
Instrumentation, Industrial Automation, Robust and Intelligent Control, the Smart Sensors, IoT enabled
Smart Sensors, the Smart Grid, Fuel Cell lead Sustainable Sources of Energy, and System Reliability.
Dr. Biswal is a Fellow IE (India), Senior Member of IEEE, USA, and Life Member of ISTE, India. He is
actively involved in review panels of different societies of international repute viz. IEEE, IFAC, and the
ISA. Currently, he is also actively involved as a Member of IEEE–SA (Standards Association) working
groups; IEEE P1876 WG, IEEE P21451-001 WG, and IEEE P1415. He has also been invited for
delivering guest lectures at World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST) Conf. 2012, London,
UK, INDICON 2015, New Delhi, India, National Power Training Institute (NPTI), Nangal, India, and
G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Gharwal, India, Surendra Sai University of Technology (formerly
UCE), Burla, and as a guest expert in 2016 IEEE PES General Meeting Boston, MA, USA.
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Syllabus
MODULE-I (8 HOURS) [Online mode: 6 HOURS + 1 Test]
Measuring Instruments: Classification, Absolute and secondary instruments, indicating instruments, deflecting, control and
damping torques, Ammeters and Voltmeters, PMMC, Moving Iron (MI) type, expression for the deflecting torque and control
torque, extension of range using shunts and series resistance. Electrostatic Voltmeters-electrometer type and attracted disc
type, extension of range of E.S. Voltmeters.
MODULE-II (8 HOURS) [Online mode: 4 HOURS + 1 Test]
Electrodynamometer type wattmeter – Theory & its errors – Methods of correction – LPF wattmeter – Phantom loading –
Induction type KWH meter – Calibration of wattmeter, energy meter. Measurement of active and reactive powers in balanced
and unbalanced systems.
Galvanometers: General principle and performance equations of D'Arsonval Galvanometers, Vibration Galvanometer and
Ballistic Galvanometer.
MODULE-III (8 HOURS) [Online mode: 6 HOURS + 1 Test]
DC/AC Bridges: General equations for bridge balance, measurement of self-inductance by Maxwell’s bridge (with variable
inductance & variable capacitance), Hay’s bridge, Owen’s bridge, measurement of capacitance by Schearing bridge, errors,
Wagner’s earthing device.
Method of measuring low, medium and high resistance: Kelvin’s double bridge for measuring low resistance, Wheat-stone’s
bridge, measurement of high resistance – loss of charge method.
MODULE-IV (8 HOURS) [Online mode: 4 HOURS + 1 Test]
Instrument Transformers: Potential and current transformers, ratio and phase angle errors, phasor diagram, methods of
minimizing errors.
Potentiometers: DC Potentiometer, Crompton potentiometer, construction, standardization, application. AC Potentiometer,
Drysdale polar potentiometer; standardization, application.
MODULE-V (7 HOURS) [Online mode: 5 HOURS + 1 Test]
Digital Multi-meter: Block diagram, principle of operation, Accuracy of measurement, Electronic Voltmeter: Transistor
Voltmeter, Block diagram, principle of operation, various types of electronic voltmeter, Digital Frequency meter: Block diagram,
principle of operation.
Definition of transducers, Classification of transducers, Advantages of Electrical transducers, Characteristics and choice of
transducers; Principle operation of LVDT and capacitor transducers; LVDT Applications, Strain gauge and its principle
of operation, gauge factor.
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Text and Reference Books

Recommended Text Book for this module:

1. Helfrick & Cooper, “Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement
Techniques”, PHI Publishers.

Reference Books:
* Golding & Waddis, “Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instruments”, Reem
Publishers.
* David A. Bell, “Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements”, 3rd ed., Oxford
University Press.
* P. Purkait, B. Biswas, S. Das and C. Koley, “Electrical and Electronics Measurement
and Measuring Instruments”, McGraw Hills.

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 Other Important References

The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning

(NPTEL) https://nptel.ac.in/

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, you (students) will be able to

CO1 Understand the principles of basic electrical measuring instruments.

CO2 Understand the operation of wattmeter, energy meter and galvanometers.

CO3 Understand and analyze the working of different ac and dc bridges.

CO4 Understand the operation of instrument transformers and potentiometers.

CO5 Understand the operation of electronic measuring instruments and

transducers.

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 DC/ AC Bridges

MODULE-III (8 HOURS) [Online mode: 6 HOURS + 1 Test]

DC/AC Bridges: General equations for bridge balance, measurement of self-inductance by Maxwell’s bridge (with
variable inductance & variable capacitance), Hay’s bridge, Owen’s bridge, measurement of capacitance by
Schearing bridge, errors, Wagner’s earthing device.
Method of measuring low, medium and high resistance: Kelvin’s double bridge for measuring low resistance,
Wheat-stone’s bridge, measurement of high resistance – loss of charge method.

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 DC Bridge

Wheatstone Bridge for DC Measurement:

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Courtesy: authored by Karl Hoffmann

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

Elementary circuits and applications
using strain gauge:

Courtesy: authored by Karl Hoffmann

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

Measurement on a tensor bar:

Courtesy: authored by Karl Hoffmann

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 AC Bridges

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Measurement of Self-Inductance

Maxwell’s Inductance Bridge:

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Maxwell’s Inductance-Capacitance Bridge:

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
Q-factor of Maxwell’s Bridges:
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Hay’s Bridges

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Owen’s Bridge

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Measurement of Capacitance

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Schering Bridge

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Wagner Earthing Device

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Measurement of Resistance

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Kelvin’s Double-Bridge

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 DeSauty’s Bridge

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
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70
 Measurement of Frequency
Wien’s Bridge:

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
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 Measurement and Instrumentation 75
VSSUT, Burla Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
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Murray Loop Test:

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VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Varley Loop Test:

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 Measurement and Instrumentation 87
VSSUT, Burla Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
 Measurement and Instrumentation 88
VSSUT, Burla Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal
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 Limitation

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 Solution

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal

 Thank you

VSSUT, Burla Measurement and Instrumentation Dr. Gyan Ranjan Biswal