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Introduction To AI Chapter 08

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27 views

Introduction To AI Chapter 08

Uploaded by

ABHAN Inteli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Artificial

Intelligence (AI), Cloud


Computing, and Big Data

1
Thinking Machines

Can you
list the items
in this
picture?

2
Thinking Machines
Computers do best

Humans do best Can you count the


distribution of letters in
a book?
Add a thousand 4-digit
Can you numbers?
list the items Match finger prints?
in this Search a list of a
picture? million values
for duplicates?

3
Thinking Machines

Artificial intelligence (AI)


The study of computer systems that attempt
to model and apply the intelligence of the
human mind
For example, writing a program to identify
objects in a picture

4
The Turing Test

Turing test
A test to empirically determine whether a computer
has achieved intelligence
Alan Turing
An English mathematician who wrote a landmark
paper in 1950 that asked the question: Can
machines think?
He proposed a test to answer the question "How
will we know when we’ve succeeded?"

5
The Turing Test

6
The Turing Test

Weak equivalence
Two systems (human and computer) are
equivalent in results (output), but they do not
arrive at those results in the same way
Strong equivalence
Two systems (human and computer) use the
same internal processes to produce results

7
The Turing Test

Loebner prize
The first formal instantiation Has it been
won yet?
of the Turing test, held
annually
Chatbots
A program designed to carry on a
conversation with a human user

8
Natural Language Processing

Three basic types of processing occur during human/


computer voice interaction
Voice synthesis
Using a computer to recreate the sound of human speech
Voice recognition
Using a computer to recognize the words spoken by a
human
Natural language comprehension
Using a computer to apply a meaningful interpretation to
human communication

9
Robotics

Mobile robotics
The study of robots that move relative to their environment,
while exhibiting a degree of autonomy

10
Robots

Sony's Aibo

1999, Sony introduced Robotic Dog (Aibo).

New generation is announce in 2018

11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSA5Bq-1fU4

12
Robots

Sojourner
Rover

Perseverance Rover
Spirit or
Opportunity Rover
13
14
Uber Heat Map?

15
Few More AI Examples

● Spam Filter

● Facebook Ads

● Youtube Video Suggestions

● Google Search Suggestions

● Medical Diagnosis

● Smart Agriculture

● ….You may think many more

16
Cloud Computing

17
Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud computing is a model to provide scalable resources
(network, storage, applications, services, computing power
etc.) over the Internet with minimal management effort.
Cloud Computing Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)
Platform as a Service
(PaaS)
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Delivery of full stack computing infrastructure (servers,
networking technology, storage, and data center space)
as a service.

• Mostly users rent virtual machines of different


configurations.

• Mainly for System Administrators.


Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• What is Platform?

SOFTWARE User Programs


Platform
OPERATING SYSTEM

HARDWARE
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Provides frameworks and API’s to write, test, and deploy
applications.

• Mainly for Developers.


Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Ability to provide software/application services to
consumers

• Service delivered through browsers

• Mainly for end-users


Cloud Computing Deployment Models

1. Private Cloud
2. Public Cloud
3. Community Cloud
4. Hybrid Cloud
25

Big Data
26

Data Growth
• Google (as of around 2009) processes around 24
petabytes of data every day

• This is quite a lot, how much? Lets try to visualize the


scale of data!
27

Let's imagine that a single byte is


represented by a single grain of rice

1K or 1024 bytes would a


bowl of rice
28

1 MB
1 GB 2 containers

1 TB 2048 Shipping Containers


The Model Has Changed…
The Model of Generating/Consuming Data has Changed

Old Model: Few companies are generating data, all others are consuming
data

New Model: all of us are generating data, and all of us are consuming
data
Big Data Definition
No single standard definition!
“Big Data is high volume, high velocity, and/or high
variety information assets that require new forms of
processing to enable enhanced decision making,
insight discovery and process optimization.” (Gartner)

“Big Data is a data that is difficult to store and process


using traditional techniques on commodity hardware to
analyse and extract knowledge.” (Waheed)
Who’s Generating Big Data

Mobile devices
(tracking all objects all the time)

Scientific instruments
Social media and networks (collecting all sorts of data)
(all of us are generating data)

Sensor technology and networks


(measuring all kinds of data)
Source: http://www.ibmbigdatahub.com/infographic/four-vs-big-data

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