IMC Merged
IMC Merged
Marketing
communications
Marketing Mix
The four Ps
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Behind the Growing Importance of IMC
From Toward
Media advertising Multiple forms of communication
Mass media Specialized media
Manufacturer dominance Retailer dominance
General focus Data-based marketing
Low agency accountability Greater agency accountability
Traditional compensation Performance-based compensation
Limited Internet availability Widespread Internet availability
Contact Points Where Customers
Can Be Effectively Reached
Mass media Events/sponsorships
– Broadcast - radio/TV – Local
– Newspapers – Regional
– Magazines – National/international
Direct Marketing Sales Promotions
Internet/interactive In-store/POP
Brochures, sales Product placements in movies
literature and television shows
Publicity/PR Promotional products
IMC Defined
Integrated Marketing Communications
(IMC):
“is the coordination and integration of all
marketing communications tools, avenues,
and sources within a company into a
seamless program that maximizes the
impact on consumer and other end users at
a minimal cost.”
Clow and Baack, 2004, p.8
The New Look of Advertising
Interactive, Informative, Entertaining
Need for IMC
Market fragmentation has resulted in media
fragmentation
Alternative media channels abound
(e.g. mags, cd catalogues, internet sites,
kiosks…)
All messages seen as one single message to
consumer
NOTE: IMC builds a strong brand identity in the
marketplace by tying together and reinforcing
all your images and messages.
(Armstrong et. al., 2007, p.470)
IMPORTANCE OF TEAMWORK
• Requires consistent, coordinated promotional effort at every stage of
customer contact.
• Involves both in-house resources and outside vendors.
ROLE OF DATABASES IN EFFECTIVE IMC PROGRAMS
• Internet allows companies to gather information faster and organize it more
easily.
• Ability to harness data challenges ability to sift through it effectively.
• Direct sampling also provides customer opinions.
Finding New Ways to Build Brands
Consumers are driving the trend
– They view brands as a form of
self-expression
– They know more about brands and
the companies that make them
– Cynicism about corporations is at an
all-time high
– They seek and share information with
other consumers via the Internet
Integrated Marketing Communications
Planning Model
Review of Marketing Plan
Budget Determination
• One generally accepted standard in a market society is
freedom of choice for the consumer.
BUSINESS IMPORTANCE
• Long-term increase in funds allocated to promotion indicates faith in its
ability to encourage attitude changes, brand loyalty, and additional sales.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• Provides employment for millions of people.
• Increases units sold and allows economies of scale that mean lower prices,
which make a product available to more people.
Promotion Mix Strategies
PUSH vs. PULL
– PUSH
Producer marketing activities to Retailers and
Wholesalers who resell to Consumers
• Personal selling, trade promotion by producer and
personal selling, advertising and sales promotion by
wholesaler/retailer…
– PULL
Producer marketing activities directed at consumer
to create demand from retailers and wholesalers that
then creates demand from producer.
• Consumer advertising, sales promotion…
Integrated Marketing Approach
The whole is more than the sum of the
parts
Traditional mass media
– Television, radio, magazines,
newspapers, billboards
– Now drive consumers to Web sites
Online strategies
– Provide detailed information
– Be experiential, entertaining,
interactive
– MySpace, YouTube, Facebook,
Traditional Marketing Approach
Sales
Special
Point of promotion
events
purchase Interactive
marketing
Media
Packaging
Adver-
tising
Public
relations
Publicity Direct
Direct
marketing response
Contemporary IMC Approach
Sales Direct
Packaging
promotion response
Media
Point of
purchase Adver-
Public
tising relations
Publicity
Interactive
marketing Direct
Special
marketing
events
Goal of IMC
The goal of IMC is to generate short-term financial
returns and build long-term brand value.
Contemporary Perspective of IMC
Recognized as a business process
IMC Importance of relevant audience
Multiple relevant audiences
Demand for accountability and
Demand for accountability
measurement of outcomes
The Role of IMC in Branding
Brand identity is a combination of
– Name
IMC plays a major role
– Logo in developing and
sustaining brand
– Symbols identity and equity
– Design
– Packaging
– Performance
– Image or associations
Finding New Ways to Build Brands
Get consumers involved
– Test products in store
– Starbucks positions stores as a
community gathering place
Interaction can be the best
marketing
– MySpace
– Facebook
– Google
The IMC Planning Process
Developing an integrated marketing
communications plan requires
Planning
Executing
Evaluating
Controlling
THE IMC APPROACH
The Communication Planning Process - Guidelines
vConsumer-centric brand positioning.
vEngage consumers by “fitting in” not “Standing out”.
vLeverage the emotional code of the context of
consumers live.
vChange the everyday life experience Not Just The
Purchase Experience.
vLink the brand across the consumer journey.
Communication-Based Marketing Model
Other Stakeholders
Corporate Level Message Sources Employees
Administration Manufacturing/ Marketing Finance Human Legal Investors
Operations Resources Financial Community
Government
Cross-Functional Brand Equity (IM) Team Regulators
Corporate Level
Messages sent by a company’s overall business practices
and philosophies such as mission, labor practices,
philanthropies, culture and other processes
Marketing Level
Messages sent by or inferred from by various aspects of
marketing mix such as product performance, design,
appearance, pricing and distribution
Marketing Communication Level
Strategic and executional consistency among all forms of
marketing communication
The objectives of this ad include image
building and encouraging inquiries
Develop Integrated Marketing
Communications Program
Advertising
Determine objectives and budget
Message development
§ Called “Creative Strategy”
§ Determine basic appeal
§ Determine main message
Media strategy
§ Communication channels
§ Type of media . . .
§ Newspapers/Magazines
§ Radio/Television
§ Outdoor/Specialty
Select specific media
§ Specific papers, magazines, TV
programs, radio stations, billboards, or
other media
Integrate and Implement Marketing
Communications Strategies
§ Integrate promotional mix strategies.
§ Create and produce ads.
§ Purchase media time and space
§ Design and implement direct
marketing programs
§ Design and implement sales promotion
program
§ Design and implement public relations/
publicity programs
§ Design and implement interactive/
internet marketing programs
Monitor, Evaluate and Control Integrated Marketing
Communications Program
Evaluate promotional program
results and determine
effectiveness
Take actions to control and
adjust promotional programs
FORMAT FOR THIS COURSE
- Class lecture
- Video
- Case
- Group work
- Reading ( text book, articles)
EVALUATION FOR THIS COURSE
Class participation 5%
( Case, Reading text book, article)
Quizzes 20%
Project 25%
In class assignment 15%
End term-35%
Communication
Concept
development
- First time end user is exposed to a
product idea
- Top management gets seriously involved
in results
- Developmental tool
What is a concept?
Product idea in consumer terms
Elements
-Consumer Insight
-Key benefit in competitive terms
-Reason to believe
-Other information-Price/pack/availability
Test for:
-Uniqueness,Relevance and Believability
-Intention to purchase score
-Used to estimate market potential
Consumer
Insight
Consumer Insight
A definition
It is the actual intersection of the
consumer’s thoughts and feelings
about the performance/ use of our
products
Deeply ingrained consumer belief,
desire, practice, frustration, issue
etc
Why are consumer insights important?
Strategically- Concepts we test often
contain accepted consumer beliefs
eg : Traditional clothes cannot be
stylish? FABINDIA
Executionally- Source of drama for
advertising
eg : Denomination in rural India-
COKE PAANCH
Purpose of consumer Insight
We use an understanding of the
insight to present the brand’s benefit
in a way that is personally relevant
to the TG
The insight , apart from the copy
strategy, is the important part of
creative brief- it gives the creative
team information about what is in
the minds of consumers.
It describes how the brand’s benefit
Types of Consumer Insight
Product Insight- Product/ habit
focussed
Psychological insight- Emotional-
allows us to go beyond- choose this
when product is a “me-too”
Consumer Insight Sources
Formal/ quantitative sources
- Habits and Practice
- Usage and Attitudes
- All past MR studies
- Sorting of all storyboard/ ad test
verbatims
Qualitative sources
- Movies/books
- Focussed group discussions
How to get good consumer insights?
Set up a multi-functional team
Know what you are looking for
- Product lead/ new positioning/campaign
Load your brain- Review all usage, habits and practices etc
Probe for insight- qualitative- how product works/ when is it
important
Reassemble insight and assess them based on :
- Compelling insight( Is it believable, provocative,
relevant, distinctive)
- Creative team enthusiasm
Key insight questions checklist
Search and reapply- proven insight from other categories your brand can use
Elimination of a negative- Is there a negative perception, trade off,
compromise in the category that your product eliminates
Usage habits- specific habits to leverage in advertising for product benefit
Competitor product negative
Standard of excellence in category
Consumer psychology- what problem in consumer’s lives is my brand solving;
how is my product making consumers’ lives easier
Brand fit into life
Brand perceptions- How consumers perceive the brand not the product
Eg:Concept
Product Idea- Healthful soft drink
Concept
Consumer Insight- I love soft drinks- but I avoid
them as I know they are not healthy
Key benefit -This new drink is as refreshing as any
soft drink; but more healthful.
Reason to believe- Three 200 ml cans contain the
normal vitamin and minerals needed for an
average adult.
Other Info.-Is available in special fruit flavours and
is clear in appearance. Priced at Rs25 for 200 ml
Group work- Concept writing
Take any existing brand and write
out the complete concept
Remember this is what gets
translated into a 30 sec advertising
so it better be precise!
Tomorrow class-Oct 8th
Topic : Advertising principles
Article- “Integrated marketing
communication research trends
2.4(2008):3-43.
- PR
TODAY April 19
Group 1- Article
Group 2- Comparing International
campaigns
Advertising principles/
Institutions/measurements
Next class April 27
Group 4- Social dilemma
Group 6- Dominos Pizza -PR
Major Institutions involved in the field of
Advertising management
Control Institutions Facilitating Institutions
Government Ad agency
Advertiser Media
Competition Research
suppliers
Markets and Consumer behaviour
Niche Agencies
Media shops – Mindshare, Madison,
Starcom
Creative boutiques – Ray and Kesavan
Event management agencies- Wizcraft
Sales Promotion agencies
Direct marketing outfits – Lintas Direct
PR houses – Genesis
Research suppliers – MARG, IMRB,
Nielsen
Advertising
Advertising to Consumer Markets
National advertising
Retail/local advertising
Advertising to increase demand
– Primary demand for the product category
– Selective demand for a specific brand
Business & professional advertising
•Business-to-business advertising
•Professional service advertising
•Trade advertising
Publicity Vehicles
Feature
Articles
News
Interviews
Releases Publicity
Vehicles
Press Special
Conferences Events
Advertising Versus Publicity
§ Analyze best combination of source,
message and channel factors for
communicating with target audience.
§ Establish communication goals and
objectives.
Potential Communications Objectives
Sales
Customer loyalty
Company image
Brand image
Store patronage An inquiry
Service contract A visit by a prospect
Product trial
Recommendation
Adoption of the product
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
• Effective message does three things:
• Gains the receiver’s attention.
• Achieves understanding by both sender and receiver.
• Stimulates receiver’s needs and suggests appropriate means of
satisfying them.
• AIDA concept Steps through which an individual reaches a purchase
decision: attention, interest, desire, and action.
• AIDA concept is vital for understanding an reaching customers.
• Noise can be a particular issue in international communications, including
in the world’s 74 English-speaking countries.
A model of communication
field of field of
experience Message experience
feedback
noise
Source: adapted from W. Schramm (1971) “How communication works”, in
Schramm & Roberts (eds), The process and elements of mass communication
Emotions
Personality
Product benefits
Advertising appeals
Rational appeal ( feature/informational)
Emotional appeals ( social/psychological)
Transformational ad ( brand experience)
Demonstration
Testimonial
Slice of life
Teaser ads
Evaluating creative output
Is the creative consistent with brand’s
marketing and advertising strategies?
Does the creative communicate what it is
supposed to ?
Is the creative appropriate to the target
group?
Is the creative approach relevant to the
medium?
Is the ad truthful and tasteful?
Selecting Advertising Media
Reach
– Measure of the number of people
exposed to the ad atleast once
Frequency
– Number of times a person is exposed to
ad in a specific period
Media Impact
– The qualitative value of a message
exposure through a given medium
Buying power Index
-Population,MHI, Retail sales
Brand Development Index
=(% of brand to total sales in the market)/
(% of total population in the market)
Category dev index ( Pg 417)
Category vs brand sales-determines advertising potential (
418)
Radio
Effective secondary medium
Encourages mental imagery
Time classifications- more sharp
Avg quarter hour figure=
Avg no. of people who have listened
to a station for a min of 5 min during
a qtr hour( 15 min)
Portable people meter
Developing the
media plan
Pg 407
Ethical Issues to Advertising
Over 16000 crores is the adspend of this country. Can this not be
used for more productive purposes?
Goods could be cheaper if such huge adspends were not incurred
by industry
“Advertising makes people buy things which they never knew,
which they don’t need with money that they don’t have”
Advertising is intrusive and invades personal privacy
Advertising is manipulative and has a damaging influence on
impressionable minds
Advertising is offensive and distasteful.
Advertising promotes and raises aspirations fuelling a
materialistic society
Advertising promotes harmful products like tobacco and alcoholic
beverages
Advertising promotes stereotype thinking
Advertising leads to deceptive claims being believed by a gullible
society
Public Relations
What is Public Relations ?
PR involves a variety of
programmes designed to promote
or protect a company’s image or
its individual products
PR is essentially defensive
It is a corporate armour that the
company can wear which would
protect the company during
adverse times
Functions of PR
Promoting goodwill
Promoting product, service,
corporate image
Corporate communications
Lobbying
Counteracting negative publicity
When PR is used for the
purpose of marketing its
product and services, it is
known as Marketing Public
Relations (MPR)
It can be a very important
component of the entire
communications mix of the
company
Objectives of MPR
Assist in the launch of products/company
Assist in repositioning in a mature product
Building interest in a product category
Influencing specific target groups
Countering negative publicity
Building corporate image that rubs off onto its
products
Advantages of PR
Very credible and inexpensive
PR can hold down promotion costs
Disadvantages of PR
Difficult to quantify PR benefits
Lack of control
‘Deft’ management required
Criteria for measuring PR
Total no.s of impressions over
time/among TG
% of positive/negative articles over
time
% of positive/negative articles over
time, by subject, by TG
Headline/visual/key story integrity
Brand name appearances
AVE- ADVERTISING VALUE
EQUIVALENT
Event cost- XXX
PR Coverage ad value equivalent=
TV+Print+Social media = YYY
Ration between YYY/XXX is ad value
equivalent
3:1 minimum…
For PR to work there are
several prerequisites
It must first put its own house in
order
IR must have the respect of
employees and community
Management must justify its profits
and prove that it is not profiteering
Work for the community as an able
corporate citizen
Evaluating a PR Plan
Does it reflect thoroughly the current
business situation?
Has it made us of research and
development?
Does it include full analysis of recent
editorials
Are the PR objectives specific and
measurable?
Have the benefits of PR plan been listed
out?
Has the PR department worked with
marketing to develop this?
Uses of PR
Customer complaints and redressal
It is an opportunity to cement relations
with the customer
Very important in the service and
hospitality industry
Combating rumours / falsehoods
Confront and disclose facts in leading
media
Give the positive side of the story
Capitalise on rumour to your benefit
Rumour can be dismissed as ridiculous
PR changes attitudes.
Institutional ads which
present facts do not change
attitudes
You need to involve the
reader by emotionalising the
information
How do PR people get their
job done?
Using clout of the agency by virtue
of being a space buyer
Cultivating relations with media and
leveraging that when required
Communication that is newsworthy
and which media would be glad to
carry
Biased information shall
bring in more resistance
than acceptance.
Credibility of media as an unbiased
reporter must be maintained .
Therefore most media have their own
editorial policies where all such
information is suitably edited before it
goes on print
Corporate Advertising
Objectives
Boost employee morale and
smooth labour relations
Help newly regulated industry ease
consumer uncertainty and answer
investor questions
Help diversified companies
establish a separate identity from
parent
Types –Corporate advertising
Image advertising
Event sponsorships
Advocacy advertising
Measuring corporate advertising
impact
Attitude surveys
Studies concerning corporate
advertising and stock prices
Focus group researches
Case
Pepsi syringe questions
Questions 1,2 at end of the case
Question 3:
Evaluate all the elements of the PR
campaign- what could have gone
wrong? Could a smaller player
have pulled this off?
Reading discussion
Text book pages- 605,606,607
Article –”The evolution of PR
measurement and evaluation”
RECAP
PR
TODAY April 27
• Social dilemma- documentary
• Dominos case-PR
• Advertising measurement
• Print advertisement
Emotions
Personality
Product benefits
Factors influencing sales
1. The economy
2. Product quality
3. Price
4. Distribution
5. Competition
6. Technology
7. ADVERTISING
Advertising appeals
Rational appeal ( feature/informational)
Emotional appeals ( social/psychological)
Transformational ad ( brand experience)
Demonstration
Testimonial
Slice of life
Teaser ads
User generated content
THE TWO PARTS TO
Q Efficiency of the execution
• Will my advertisement get noticed ?
• In the advertising clutter the consumer is
exposed to in a day ?
Q Effectiveness of communication
• Will it work, as intended, for my brand ?
• To change attitudes, behaviour ?
Evaluating creative output
Is the creative consistent with brand’s marketing and
advertising strategies?
Does the creative communicate what it is supposed to ?
Is the creative appropriate to the target group?
Is the creative approach relevant to the medium?
Is the ad truthful and tasteful?
SMILE Parameters
Simplicity, Memorability, Interest, Likeability and Empathy
Advertising- Qualitative
• Message comprehension
• Brand Imagery check
• TG Opinion description
• Emotions evoked
• Competition repositioning
• DAR- Day after Recall
Objectives of Advertising Media
• Reach
• Measure of the number of people exposed to the ad
atleast once- Unduplicated coverage 1+
• Frequency
• Number of times a person is exposed to ad in a specific
period
• Media Impact
• Reach and Frequency
Continuity, Flighting and Pulsing..
Advertising-Contd..
• WEIGHT
Gross ratings, target ratings,
• Gross ratings
Reach*Freq= 90*2=180 GRPs
• Target ratings
GRPs for a particular target group- TRPs
• SOV(Share of Voice)-Brand GRP/Category GRP
Advertising
• OTHERS
Awareness ( TOM, SPONTANEOUS,AIDED)
Trial rates
Repeat rates
• ATR Model for media objectives setting…
EVALUATING AD CAMPAIGNS
•1. Qualitative- SMILE SCORES
Simplicity, Memorability, Interest, likeability, Empathy
•2. DAR- DAY AFTER RECALL
•3. CAMPAIGNABILITY OF THE BIG IDEA
•4. BRAND INTEGRALITY
DEVELOPING THE MEDIA PLAN
SITUATION ANALYSIS
MARKETING STRATEGY
CREATIVE STRATEGY ( WHAT TO COMMUNICATE)
SET MEDIA OBJECTIVES
DETERMINE MEDIA STRATEGY
SELECT MEDIA VEHICLES/CLASSES
MEDIA DECISIONS
-Continuity/Flighting/Pulsing
-No.s and frequency of ads
-Other Innovations
MEDIA EVALUATION
-Spot monitoring mechanism
-Brand health tracking
Setting Ad budgets
• Top down
-TOp management intervention
-Budget to stay within available limits
Bottom up
-Media objectives are set
-Costs worked out
-Total approved
Others
• -% sales, % profits,competition
benchmarking
-ROI
DAGMAR- Defining advertising goals for Measured Advertised Results
• Measure results of advertising in the context
of communication goals rather than
marketing goals
• Communication goals
• Awareness
• Comprehension
• Conviction
• Action
Setting right DAGMAR goals
• 1. Concrete measurable tasks
eg. Top of Mind awareness, Aided awareness, Unaided awareness
2. Degree of change sought
eg . Awareness among TG to move from 50% to 70%
• 3. Specify time period
Eg : Above change to take place in 6 months
Assessing DAGMAR
• 1.No focus on sales
• 2.All consumers may not go through the steps linearly
3. Separate research required to measure DAGMAR
4.Stifles creativity
Measurements- some more..
• CPM= Cost per thousands
• CPRP = Cost per rating point
• CPTC- Cost per target contact
• Cost per column inch-Print
• Readership vs circulation ( pass along rate)Pg 435-
Print
• Program rating =HH viewing the program/Total HH
• Share of audience=HH Viewing the program/HH with
TV
• Neilson TV Index/ People meters/BARC
BARC- Broadcast Audience Research Council
https://www.barcindia.co.in/
• Sample Coverage: 3,00,000 homes, > ~ 4300 towns/villages, 68%
urban coverage; rotate 44000 Panel HH
• Key information areas: TV ownership, connection type, language
preferences and other media consumption.
How the Measurement is done ?
• Watermark video content across 600 TV Channels- can be decoded by
software
• Content streamed with watermark
• Error back checks done
PRODUCTS- ANALYTICS OUTPUT
• YUMI- Visual aids
• TV + OOH TV Viewership combined
• SPOTREK-SPOT MONITORING
Where to advertise?
• Buying power Index
-Population,MHI, Retail sales
• Brand Development Index
=(% of brand to total sales in the market)/
(% of total population in the market)
• Category dev index ( Pg 417)
• Category vs brand sales-determines advertising potential ( 418)
Radio
Advantages…
• 1.Costs- effective secondary medium
2. Receptivity
• 3.Selectivity
• 4.Flexibility- short closing period before airing
5. Mental imagery
6. Time classifications more sharp
( 6-10 am; 10-300 pm; 3-700pm; 7-1000 pm; 12-600 am)
Radio
• Avg quarter hour figure=
Avg no. of people who have listened to a station for a
min of 5 min during a qtr hour( 15 min)
• Portable people meter
Ethical Issues to Advertising
• Over 16000 crores is the adspend of this country. Can this not be used for more productive purposes?
• Goods could be cheaper if such huge adspends were not incurred by industry
• “Advertising makes people buy things which they never knew, which they don’t need with money that they
don’t have”
• Advertising is intrusive and invades personal privacy
• Advertising is manipulative and has a damaging influence on impressionable minds
• Advertising is offensive and distasteful.
• Advertising promotes and raises aspirations fuelling a materialistic society
• Advertising promotes harmful products like tobacco and alcoholic beverages
• Advertising promotes stereotype thinking
• Advertising leads to deceptive claims being believed by a gullible society
Principles of Effective Print
Advertising
Principles of Effective Print Advertising
• Establishing an Objective
• Sell to the Objective
• Designing the Ad
• Evaluate the Ad
Establishing the Objective
• Main selling idea should be aimed at the objective; resist the
temptation to add more
• Support the main selling idea with all elements of the ad
• Headlines
• Visuals
• Copy
Sell to the Objective
• Sell the merits of the Product or Service
• What’s in it for me?
• Emphasize benefits, not facts
• Fact: Birdie Drivers are made of solid unobtanium with a unique plasticized hydroid
alloy core
• Birdie Drivers are lighter, faster, harder, and cheaper than our competitor Bogie
Drivers, and they consistently hit longer, straighter shots
Designing the Ad
• Design for Easy Reading
• KISS
• Solve a problem
• Call to action
• Don’t try to cram everything in
• Don’t overfancify your design
• Avoid:
• Dark backgrounds
• Small headlines
• Difficult to read fonts
• Unrelated images
• Atypical layouts
Designing the Ad
• Illustrate your product in use
• Show what the product can do for the reader
• Avoid static graphics showing whole lines of products
• Avoid Humor and Shock value
• You’re probably not as funny as you think you are
• Humor or shock almost never works toward your objective
Evaluate the Ad
• Repeat a Successful Ad; Drop an Unsuccessful One
• Repetition is good, to a point
• Good ads wear out a lot slower than you think
• Because you are tired of it doesn’t mean your audience is
• Don’t Blame Ad Placement for Poor Performance
• Design has far more to do with the success than getting it on cover 4.
L
Copywriting for Print
• Two categories of copy used in print advertising are:
• Display copy, and
• Body copy (or text)
• Display copy includes all elements that readers see in their
initial scanning.
• Elements such as headlines, subheads, and taglines are usually set in
larger print sizes designed to get attention.
• Body copy includes the elements that are designed to be
read and absorbed, such as the text of the message and
captions.
Headlines
Attract Only Those Who Are Prospects
Assertion Puzzles
Command
Associations
How-to
Statements
News
Announcements
Other Display Copy
• Captions (copy under illustrations) have the second
highest priority in copy.
• Copywriters also craft subheads that continue to help lure
the reader into the body copy.
• Taglines, which are short catchy phrases, are particularly
memorable phrases used at the end of an ad to complete
or wrap up the idea.
• Slogans, which are repeated from ad to ad as part of a
campaign, also may be used as taglines.
Practical Tips
Writing Catchy Phrases
• The repetition of structure and sounds contributes to
memorability.
• A startling or unexpected phrase. Think back to Nike’s “Just
Do It” tagline.
• Rhyme, rhythm, alliteration. Use repetition of sounds, as in
the Wall Street Journal’s “The daily diary of the American
dream.”
• Parallel construction. Use repetition of the structure of a
sentence or phrase, as in the Army’s “Be all that you can be.”
Designing for Print
• First responsibility of the art director is to choose visual
elements used in ad or commercial to produce a layout.
• Plan that imposes an orderly arrangement that is aesthetically
pleasing.
• Map, the art director’s blueprint.
• Communication tool for others so that the idea can be
discussed and revised.
• Many ways to lay out an ad; different ways create different
feelings about the product.
Layout (Handout)
The General Steps in a Layout Are:
Thumbnail Sketches
Preliminary Sketches
Rough Layouts
Ads Done to Size Without Attention to Looks
Semicomps
Layout Drawn to Size, Used for Presentations
Comprehensives
Art is Finished, Designed to Impress Audience
Mechanical
Largely Computer Based and Generated to Guide
Color Separations
L
Impact of Social Media
Today’s Agenda
Overview of Social Media
Developing a Social Media Strategy
Tips, Basics and Best Practices
How to Measure Success
Overview: What is Social
Media?
Social media refers to online tools and services which allow an
exchange of ideas, information, videos, pictures, and graphics — just
about anything you can name.
Social media also allows easy sharing and distribution of existing
content to others so that professional work can be shared through
networks.
Traditional vs Social media
ASPECT TRAD MEDIA SOCIAL MEDIA
ENJOY
BUY
EVALUATE
CONSIDER
Differences between earlier
and now..
Earlier- linear evaluation; now back and forth
Earlier-Knowledge level less; now high knowledge
Earlier-Single source of brand info; now –multiple
Earlier- shortlist narrowing; now- new brands maybe added during the
process
Earlier-Point of purchase only for purchase; now-more
Earlier- post purchase-little interaction; now-online reviews/brand
building
Implications for brand
communication
Budget allocations to change radically ( Awareness through banner ads,
video virals, SEO vs Advocacy through product reviews)
Paid media versus owned media ( websites) and earned media (
customer channels, brand communities) as well as non –working media
( people and technology)
Key questions to ask :
How did consumer search?
Did they show preference for retailer site?
How did they partake in online communities?
Which sources were disappointing to them?
How did brands enter and leave their decision sets?
What finally drove purchase?
Latest findings about media
consumption:
Offline channels like TV/Radio/WOM- influential only during
‘consider’stage
At ‘evaluate’ stage- consumers directly went to Amazon etc
with expert/product ratings and visuals ; click stream
analysis reveal importance of web links between retail sites
and company products
Very few went to company/manufacturers’ websites
Display ads relevant only for discounts/when close to ‘buy’
stage
Retailer’s post purchase email spurs product feedback ;
especially trouble shooting
Integrate well with retailer sites for communication
Some eg.s of social media/on line communication
integrations ..
Apple-eliminated jargon, aligned product descriptions, created rich
videos- ensure high consistency across touch points
Nike-’Just do it’ given way to Creating records of work out data, global
fund raising races, customized online training.
McDonalds-Tailored messages including discount coupons, contest
opportunities, special event invitations.
Changing role of marketing
communications..
Orchestrator of many tasks..
Publisher and content supply manager..
Market place intelligence leader..
Why some brands are
reluctant to use social media
Knowledge risk-Senior managers less familiar
Incentive structure-Strong pressure for media airing revenues
Measurement-GRPs easier to measure than page views/engagement
Loss of control-To consumers of their brands..
Cost and time-SM needs too much creativity
Their brands are too boring! –To be on Social media?
TODAY- May 5
230 pm- Guest session – Media Scene in India and the COVID reset
Social media
Dove case analysis..
Brand-positioning
bull’s-eye
Framework for social media
Immerse Reflect
Define
Evaluate Engage
“Immerse”
Personal and organizational learning
Blogs
Social networks
How to
Twitter participate
in SM
Discussion forums
Content
aggregators
Immerse- contd..
Invest sufficient time to learn language and tools of SM
-Not a waste of time; cant delegate to youth!
Organisational learning
-Best Buy embraced social media through Blue Shirt nation- internal
employee communication social network; Reduced attrition
-Unilever-Invited FB/Google/Twitter heads to meet Senior management
and see what new technology can do
-Unilever-Reverse mentoring-Two weeks with younger experts
-Employee swap- P and G- /google swapped two dozen employees for
many weeks-online campaign on Youtube
-Digital night- sell Tide only online-on charity
“Reflect”
Connect knowledge of SM with org strategy- Balance control vs
engagement
Questions :
Are you prepared for negative feedback?
Are you willing to change your brand positioning based on feedback?
Will brand advocated appear online and stimulate positive
conversations?
Reward for high engagement may also be deeper consumer
relationships.. And high ROIN (Eg Dove, 1:3)..But Unicare Insurance
avoids SM but consumers still post reviews..
SM- Engagement vs control
HIGH ENGAGEMENT HIGH CONTROL
LOW CONTROL HIGH ENGAGEMENT
LOW ENGAGEMENT HIGH CONTROL
LOW CONTROL LOW ENGAGEMENT
Eg: Home Depot sporadic SM Eg : Unicare
Symptom of a deeper problem
Brand not ‘happening’?
“Define”
Set clear objectives for SM strategy
Market research-mystarbucksidea.com
Brand building –P and G’s Gain ‘smell story’- consumer sharing
Driving purchase-Dell tracks followers and purchasers through Twitter..
“Engage”
Create engaging content..
Characteristics of good content ( relevant , personalised, interactive,
integrated and authentic)
Barack Obama/ Modi- campaign 2/3 rd spent on online; superior
targeting-activists/ undecided voters etc
Coke and Beijing Olympics 2008- ‘Pass on the torch’..
Evaluate
1. Define your audience
2. Adopt a point of view
3. Allocate resources
Tips
Make it easy and non-threatening for your
audience to participate
Write content that’s worth sharing
Acknowledge and recognize your audience
Integrate all of your marketing efforts
Don't try to keep up with the Jones’
Be entertaining, informative, and most importantly
genuine
The Basics
Don’t duplicate your Web site, brochure, newsletter
Start with your friends
Embrace your audience
Keep it personal, real & authentic
Use often
Build maintenance time into your schedule
Encourage participation
Top 5 best practices:
1. Do some Spring cleaning!
2. Beef up your information section.
3. Be active/share.
4. Follow industry influencers and companies/groups of interest.
5. Quality vs. Quantity
Top 5 best practices:
1. Who do you want to be?
2. Think SEO (Search Engine Optimization).
3. Be active/share.
4. Follow industry influencers and companies/groups of interest.
5. Aim to chat, not sell.
Top 5 best practices:
1. Think SEO (Search Engine Optimization).
2. Be active/share.
3. Follow industry influencers and companies/groups of interest.
4. Aim to chat, not sell.
5. Don’t talk about your new shoes!
VIRAL MARKETING
DVR eliminates ads in TV( 81% viewers use this!)
12% of online video viewing is for ads-.
Ratio between ad and time spent - highest for Internet and lowest for print/TV.
When your content goes viral– its every marketer’s dream; ultimate free lunch(low cost of production
as most of it is user generated content)AND low cost per reach.( smaller companies also benefit)
48% visit company website after seeing online video; 11% share it and 225 make a subsequent
purchase.
Two factors- psychological response ( how you feel), social motivation ( why you want to share)
It is the web’s answer to word of mouth..
Psychological emotional drivers-Warmth (58%),Happiness(56),Hilarity (31)
Social motivation drivers-Opinion seeking (25%),Shared passion, Helps me socialize off line
Viral habits..
Difficult to ‘engineer’ virality-only 3% of youtube videos have a min of
25000 views.
18% of internet users share videos atleast once a week; 9 % daily
Called ‘super sharers’- companies should find these..
The more a video generates shares first two days, higher the viral peak
and greater overall volumes…Wednesday seems to be most frequent
day!
Pros and cons of viral
marketing
PROS CONS
Higher Reach uncertainty
engagement
Persuasive Lack of
predictability
Low cost Low control
Better targetting
How to make it go viral..
Big seed marketing- combining internet practices with old fashioned
advertising..using common people.
The internet ad has to have an independent value over the
product/brand.
Initial set of influencers share with atleast MORE than one individual..
The traditional ad which is ONE way can now be shared- reaching
millions relevant consumers…with more credibility
Three steps
1. Unique storytelling focus-series works best?
2. Managing digital platforms
3. Building high profile network influencers to help spread
Unique storytelling
Strong deep consumer insight ( Pampers)-innate need-
through focus groups, online opinions..
Eg: Humour is youth currency; Mentoring in a golf course is
mid age currency.
Invite consumers to share story ( Maggi packs)-
Conversations builders in parties; appear ‘relevant and
contemporary.’ People’s voice.
Going beyond the product functionality- slice of consumer’s
life..
Digital platforms..
Brand communities ( Enfield, Harley, Hush puppies)
ENGAGE the communities( more than likes in FB)
Bloggers, editors, - all types of media to be
used..have one central ‘hub’ where all information
about brand can be discussed( website,FB Page etc)
Platforms also need two way relationship-get
feedback, have contest etc. to elicit participation.
Influencer network
Identify-Celebrities/ brand ambassadors
Engage- Contact through a digital specialist ( build friendly relationship
and highlight contribution)
Value exchange-Make them feel special- exclusive content, influencer
summit, rendezvous with famous movie star, high financial
compensation etc. Like to the first to ‘share’
Distribute message-Different roles for influencers-
share/review/mention/ link- Eg. Winter Olympics-silly human tricks..
Optimize-Influencer wise tracking- share best practices.
PERSONAL WITH A LOT OF CREATIVE CONTROL
Content promotion and distribution
EARNED
OWNED
PAID
WEB VIDEO CONTENT
Measuring success
Reach-No.s reached during a period/TG wise/geographywise etc.
Engagement-Avg % of video viewed; repeat views; Total completed
views; avg time spent ina website; participation in interaction.
Buzz/mentions-Comments, shares,blogs, awards.
Brand sentiment-Content and tone of message-positive versus negative.
Client satisfaction-Experimental? Increased spends, exclusive usage etc.
TODAY- May 11
• Outdoor/ Ambient advertising
• Cause Marketing
• ADS WATCHING
- SMILE Parameters
-Cause advertising
OUTDOOR/AMBIENT
ADVERTISING
Outdoor advertising
KEY ASPECTS
• Definition of outdoor advertising
• Common forms of outdoor advertising
• Outdoor Advertising Costs
• Components of outdoor advertising process
• Problems of outdoor advertising and ways of their solving
• Examples of outdoor advertising
• Conclusion
Notion of outdoor advertising
• Outdoor advertising is a broad term that describes any type of
advertising that reaches the consumer when he or she is outside of
the home.
• Billboard advertising
• Point of sale displays
• Street furniture
• Transit advertising
• Mobile billboards
• Digital Signs
• Full-Motion Video Displays
• Street-Level Advertising
• Wall Banners and Murals
Transit Advertising
§Exterior Bus Posters
§ Superbuses and Murals
§ Station Posters and Backlits
§ Subway-Onestop Network
Stair Risers
§ Ceiling and Floor Decals
§ Station Domination
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EVOLUTION OF AMBIENT
• Conceptual
-Stresses the context and the experiential component of advertising
• Formal
-Multisensory impact on consumers
-Guerilla advtg in unexpected places where advtg consciousness id
deactivated; more spontaneous- surprise, shock,novelty
• Content
-Viewers not passive so to encourage participation
-”Sense”-fragrance, touch etc
-’Affective’-feel-emotions connect
-Cognitive-think-problem solving
-Physical-act-co create
Determinants of ambient communication
• Customer related factors
-Hedonistic
-Out of home
-Experiential
-Travelling time
-Leisure individualistic
-More independent decision making
-Shopping behavior
• Media related factors
-Clutter
-Cost efficiencies
-Technology/digital
-Niche brands target small
-Agency resource available
Company related factors
• More brand communication accountability
• More creativity
• ROI
• Co-create brand experience
• Customer touch points
Conditions for an effective use of ambient
communication
• Original and catchy idea
• Campaign execution
• Integrated media mix
• When it is NOT effective :
-Inadequate marketing plan
-Inadequate creative concept
-Lack of environmental integration
Examples of outdoor advertising
Advantages & Disadvantages of Outdoor
Advertising
Advantages Disadvantages
§ Target Reach & Frequency § Creative Limitations
§ Geog Targeting Flexibility § Lack of profile based
§ Size & Quality of Message Target-Market
Selectivity
§ Media Compatibility
§ Costs of production
§ Creating Product versus reach
Awareness
§ Lack of Prestige
§ Cost
§ Unobtrusive Medium
§ Content Flexibility
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Buying Outdoor Media Space
§Space is quoted on a 4-week basis.
Minimum purchase of 12 weeks apply to
some forms of outdoor.
§Space is purchased on the basis of
GRPs (e.g., 100 GRPs = the equivalent
of 100% market coverage). With outdoor
you reach the same people frequently.
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Other Forms of Out-of-Home Advertising
Advertising can reach consumers in
unique and unexpected ways:
§ Airport Display Advertising
§ Washrooms Advertising
§ Elevator Advertising
§ Mobile Signage
Continued…
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Point-of-Purchase Advertising (At-Retail)
Advertising at point-of-purchase is
designed to:
§ Build traffic
§ Advertise a product
§ Encourage impulse buying
§74% of brand decisions are made in the
store!
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Advantages & Disadvantages of P-O-P
Advertising
Advantages Disadvantages
§ Impulse Purchasing § Placement
§ Message § Clutter
Reinforcement
§ Message § Waste
Receptiveness
§ Last Chance
(Deciding Factor) in
Sale
§ Merchandise Tie-ins
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Examples of outdoor advertising
Cause Marketing
What is “cause marketing”?
• Licensing agreement between commercial product marketer and
leading nonprofit organization
• “Passion branding”
• “Social issues marketing”
Non profit
• Nonprofit assigns right to use name and logo in promotion of
commercial products
• Sponsor pays substantial sums of money for use of nonprofit’s name
and logo in advertising
The rise of cause marketing
• relatively recent phenomenon
• earliest use (1983) involved promotion by American Express
• for each purchase made with card one penny contributed to renovation of
Statue of Liberty
• raised $1.7 million
• generated 28% increase in card usage
More recent examples
• Visa committed to donate, based on card usage, at least $1 million to
children’s literacy organization
• Johnson & Johnson contributed portion of sales from children’s
toiletries to World Wildlife Fund
Is it a significant form of marketing?
• YES!!
What are the benefits to nonprofits?
• Further the organization’s mission
• Leverage the marketing budgets of corporations by obtaining access
to mass media resources it could not otherwise afford
• Increase public awareness
• Gain an increasingly significant source of revenue
What are the benefits to the
commercial sponsors?
• Generate increased sales
• Enhance image as good corporate citizen
• Develop long term customer relations
• Build brand loyalty
• Differentiate themselves and their products from other sellers and
products in competitive marketplace
What’s wrong with these practices?
a. Consumers place a high level of trust in
nonprofit organizations…
1995 survey of 1,011 adults conducted for the American Cancer Society
(ACS):
• 96% recognized the ACS
• ACS received highest ratings for overall reputation and as organization
people can turn to for accurate information about cancer
What is wrong?
1997 National Health Council study:
• Organizations such as American Cancer Society and American
Diabetes Association found to be “somewhat” or “completely
believable” by 93% of consumers surveyed
• same percentage as doctors
• slightly higher than nurses and pharmacists
b. Consumers prefer products
marketed in association with a
nonprofit corporation
• when price and quality are equal among competing brands, 76% of
consumers would be likely to switch from current product brand to one
associated with good cause
• 45.6% of consumers were “somewhat likely” or “very likely” to switch
brands to support manufacturer that donates to charitable causes
• 74% of consumers would be more likely to buy consumer products or
services associated with charity such as ACS
• 70.5% stated that ACS message and name would increase loyalty to their
most preferred cereal
• 40.1% would switch to second most preferred cereal brand if ACS logo
and message printed on package
c. Consumers believe that products
marketed in association with nonprofit
are endorsed by nonprofit
• Focus groups and interviews with consumers reveal that
• “consumers trust the ACS and feel that products which carry the
ACS logo would have been tested by the ACS”
• Study designed to determine public reaction to ACS’s
involvement with commercial sponsors
• 57% of respondents felt there was an implied endorsement of
products using ACS name
d. Consumers believe products
marketed in association with nonprofits
are superior to competing products
1994 study commissioned by the American Cancer Society
• 44.5% agreed or agreed strongly with the statement
• “I believe this brand of cereal promoted with the ACS is more
healthy for me and/or my family than any other cereal”
• 60.4% agreed or agreed strongly with the statement
• “I believe eating this cereal will reduce my/my family’s risk for
cancer”
e. Consumers do not expect marketing
relationships between commercial
entities and nonprofits to be exclusive
Survey to test how people feel about the ACS exclusive partnership with
two smoking cessation aids
• 8% were aware relationship was exclusive
Concerns
1. Public policy concerns
• Public trust is at heart of nonprofit community
• Consumers view nonprofit organizations--particularly voluntary
health agencies whose central missions are disease prevention and
cure--to be independent, unbiased, neutral sources of expertise,
information and services
2. Legal issues
• Key issue: whether use of nonprofit’s name in association with
product implies nonprofit
• has tested product
• approves of product
• endorses product
1999 -Attorneys General issued
following five recommendations:
1. Endorsements
• Advertisements for commercial products should not misrepresent
that nonprofit organization has endorsed the advertised product
• If advertisement uses nonprofit organization’s name or logo, and nonprofit
has not endorsed product, advertisement should clearly and conspicuously
disclose that nonprofit organization has not endorsed product
2. Superiority claims/disclosure
• Advertisements for commercial products using name or logo of
nonprofit should avoid making express or implied claims that
advertised product is superior to others in same product category,
unless claim is true and substantiated
• If nonprofit has not determined advertised product to be superior,
advertisement should clearly and conspicuously disclose that fact
3. Paid sponsorship
• Advertisements for commercial products using name or logo of
nonprofit should disclose clearly and conspicuously that corporate
sponsor has paid for use of nonprofit’s name or logo, when that is
the case
4. Deception/confusion
• Product advertisements arising from commercial/nonprofit
relationship should not mislead, deceive or confuse public about
effect of consumer’s purchase on charitable contributions by
commercial sponsor
5. Exclusivity
• Advertising partnerships between commercial and nonprofit entities
should avoid exclusive product sponsorships
• where exclusive relationship exists, product advertisements using name or
logo of nonprofit should clearly and conspicuously disclose that fact
Branding a Cause Marketing Program
• Self-branded: Create Own Cause
Program
• Jointly branded: Link to Existing
Cause Program
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Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Possible Objectives for
Social Marketing Campaigns
Cognitive Action
Behavioral Value
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Measuring Cause marketing?
• Triple bottom line?
• Isolated effects of Cause marketing?
• Brand Pyramid-”Bonding”-only these brand can pull off a ‘cause’?
• Brand health tracking study..
Measuring CAUSE CAMPAIGNS
• Two axes- X Axis
Whimsical versus threatening
• Y Axis- Emotional versus rational
AD VIEWING
• Rate on a scale of 1-5-; 1 Lowest 5 Highest
SMILE
Simplicity
Memorability
Interest
Likeability
Empathy