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Difference Between Abstraction and Encapsulation in C++

Abstraction involves hiding unnecessary implementation details and exposing only essential functions and properties. It is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces. Encapsulation involves binding together the data and functions that manipulate the data, and restricting access to them. It is achieved through access modifiers like private and public. While abstraction focuses on the interface, encapsulation focuses on implementation by hiding internal representations and checking access.

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Difference Between Abstraction and Encapsulation in C++

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Aamir Khan

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Difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation in

C++
Difficulty Level : Easy ● Last Updated : 16 Oct, 2019

Abstraction:

In OOPs, Abstraction is that the method of getting info. the information needed will be taken in

such the simplest way that solely the required components are extracted, and also the ones

that are considered less significant are unnoticed. Or the unessential info will be drained dead

set keep solely the sensitive information intact. during this case, most of the classes don’t have

any sor t of implementation, and most of the problem-solving method is completed at the

inter face stage. one thing that doesn’t exist and is just a concept is named Abstraction. In

abstraction, implementation complexities are hidden using abstract classes and inter faces.

Example of Abstraction:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Summation {
private:
// private variables
int a, b, c;
public:
void sum(int x, int y)
{
a = x;
b = y;
c = a + b;
cout<<"Sum of the two number is : "<<c<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Summation s;
s.sum(5, 4);
return 0;
}

Output :

Sum of the two number is: 9

In the this example, we can see that abstraction has achieved by using class. The class

'Summation' holds the private members a, b and c, which are only accessible by the member

▲
functions of that class.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is the process or method to contain the information. The info, it provides is that

the solely the one that is critical and ever y one the opposite data that is unsuitable is hidden

already. during this case, the matter determination is completed at the stage of

implementation. Encapsulation is a method to hide the data in a single entity or unit along with

a method to protect information from outside. Encapsulation keeps something in an

exceedingly capsule and showing of solely the essential options of a product. for example,

once someone is mistreatment software package they are doing not recognize what the secret

writing is, they solely use the mandator y functions that result from the secret writing that is

unbroken safe within the files.

Example of Encapsulation:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class EncapsulationExample {
private:
// we declare a as private to hide it from outside
int a;

public:
// set() function to set the value of a
void set(int x)
{
a = x;
}

// get() function to return the value of a

int get()
{
return a;
}
};

// main function
int main()
{
EncapsulationExample e1;

e1.set(10);

cout<<e1.get();
return 0;
}

Output :

▲
In the this program, the variable a is made private so that this variable can be accessed and

manipulated only by using the methods get() and set() that are present within the class.

Therefore we can say that, the variable a and the methods set() as well as get() have binded

together that is nothing but encapsulation.