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Data

The document discusses different types of data including observational data collected through observation, experimental data collected through intervention to produce change, simulation data generated by imitating real-world systems, and derived data created by transforming or aggregating existing data.

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amir sohail
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29 views2 pages

Data

The document discusses different types of data including observational data collected through observation, experimental data collected through intervention to produce change, simulation data generated by imitating real-world systems, and derived data created by transforming or aggregating existing data.

Uploaded by

amir sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data

Research data is any information that has been collected, observed, generated or
created to validate original research findings.

Although usually digital, research data also includes non-digital formats such as
laboratory notebooks and diaries.

Data are units of information, often numeric, that are collected through
observation.
Data is a set of values of subjects with respect to qualitative or quantitative
variables.
Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something
simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.
When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so
as to make it useful, it is called information.
Types of Data
Observational Data
Observational data are captured through observation of a behavior or activity. It
is collected using methods such as human observation, open-ended surveys, or
the use of an instrument or sensor to monitor and record information -- such as
the use of sensors to observe noise levels at the Mpls/St Paul airport. Because
observational data are captured in real time, it would be very difficult or
impossible to re-create if lost.

Experimental Data
Experimental data are collected through active intervention by the researcher to
produce and measure change or to create difference when a variable is altered.
Experimental data typically allows the researcher to determine a causal
relationship and is typically projectable to a larger population. This type of data
are often reproducible, but it often can be expensive to do so.

 
Simulation Data
Simulation data are generated by imitating the operation of a real-world process
or system over time using computer test models. For example, to predict weather
conditions, economic models, chemical reactions, or seismic activity. This method
is used to try to determine what would, or could, happen under certain
conditions. The test model used is often as, or even more, important than the
data generated from the simulation.

 Derived / Compiled Data


Derived data involves using existing data points, often from different data
sources, to create new data through some sort of transformation, such as an
arithmetic formula or aggregation. For example, combining area and population
data from the Twin Cities metro area to create population density data. While
this type of data can usually be replaced if lost, it may be very time-consuming
(and possibly expensive) to do so.

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