Analyzing the Marketing

Environment

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3- slide 1

Publishing as Prentice Hall
 Analyzing the Marketing
Environment
Topic Outline

• The Company’s Microenvironment

• The Company’s Macroenvironemnt
• Responding to the Marketing Environment
 The Marketing Environment

The marketing environment includes the

actors and forces outside marketing that
affect marketing management’s ability to
build and maintain successful relationships
with customers
 The Marketing Environment

Microenvironment consists of the actors

close to the company that affect its ability
to serve its customers, the company,
suppliers, marketing intermediaries,
customer markets, competitors, and
publics
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Actors in the Microenvironment
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
The Company
• Top management
• Finance
• R&D
• Purchasing
• Operations
• Accounting
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Suppliers
• Provide the resources to produce goods
and services
• Treated as partners to provide customer
value
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Marketing Intermediaries

Help the company to

promote, sell and
distribute its
products to final buyers
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Types of Marketing Intermediaries
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Competitors

• Firms must gain strategic advantage by

positioning their offerings against
competitors’ offerings
 The Company’s
Microenvironment
Publics
• Any group that has an actual or
potential interest in or impact on
an organization’s ability to
achieve its objectives
– Financial publics
– Media publics
– Government publics
– Citizen-action publics
– Local publics
– General public
– Internal publics
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment

Demography is the study of human populations

in terms of size, density, location, age,gender,
race, occupation, and other statistics
• Demographic environment is important
because it involves people, and people make
up markets
• Demographic trends include age, family
structure, geographic population shifts,
educational characteristics, and population
diversity
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
• Changing age structure of the population
– Baby boomers include people born between
1946 and 1964
– Most affluent Americans
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
• Generation Xincludes people born
between 1965 and 1976
– High parental divorce rates
– Cautious economic outlook
– Less materialistic
– Family comes first
– Lag behind on retirement savings
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
• Millennials (gen Yor echo boomers) include
those born between 1977 and 2000
– Comfortable with technology
– Includes
• Tweens (ages 8–12)
• Teens (13–19)
• Young adults (20’s)
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment

Generational marketing is important in

segmenting people by lifestyle of life
state instead of age
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
More people are:
• Divorcing or separating
• Choosing not to marry
• Choosing to marry later
• Marrying without intending to have
children
• Increased number of working women
• Stay-at-home dads
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
• Growth in U.S. West and
South and decline in Midwest
and Northeast
• Moving from rural to
metropolitan areas
• Changes in where people work
– Telecommuting
– Home office
– Divorcing or separating
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment

• Changes in the Workforce

– More educated
– More white collar
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Demographic Environment
Increased Diversity

Markets are becoming more diverse

– International
– National
• Includes:
– Ethnicity
– Disabled
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Economic Environment
Economic environment consists of factors
that affect consumer purchasing power and
spending patterns
• Industrial economies are richer markets
• Subsistence economies consume most of
their own agriculture and industrial output
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Economic Environment

• Changes in income
• Value marketing involves
ways to offer financially
cautious buyers greater
value—the right
combination of quality and
service at a fair price
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Economic Environment
Changes in Consumer Spending Patterns

• Ernst Engel—Engel’s Law

• As income rises:
– The percentage spent on food declines
– The percentage spent on housing remains
constant
– The percentage spent on savings increases
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Natural Environment

Natural environment involves the natural

resources that are needed as inputs by
marketers or that are affected by marketing
activities
• Trends
– Shortages of raw materials
– Increased pollution
– Increase government intervention
– Environmentally sustainable strategies
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Technological Environment

• Most dramatic force

in changing the
marketplace
• Creates new
products and
opportunities
• Safety of new
product always a
concern
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Political Environment

Political environment consists of laws,

government agencies, and pressure groups
that influence or limit various organizations
and individuals in a given society
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Political Environment

• Legislation regulating business

– Increased legislation
– Changing government agency
enforcement
• Increased emphasis on ethics
– Socially responsible behavior
– Cause-related marketing
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Cultural Environment

Cultural environment consists of institutions

and other forces that affect a society’s
basic values, perceptions, and behaviors
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Cultural Environment
Persistence of Cultural Values

Core beliefs and values are persistent and are

passed on from parents to children and are
reinforced by schools, churches, businesses,
and government
Secondary beliefs and values are more open to
change and include people’s views of
themselves, others, organization, society,
nature, and the universe
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Cultural Environment
Shifts in Secondary Cultural Values

• People’s view of themselves

– Yankelovich Monitor’s consumer
segments:
• Do-it-yourselfers—recent movers
• Adventurers
• People’s view of others
– More ―cocooning‖
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Cultural Environment
Shifts in Secondary Cultural Values
• People’s view of organizations
• People’s view of society
– Patriots defend it
– Reformers want to change it
– Malcontents want to leave it
 The Company’s
Macroenvironment
Cultural Environment
Shifts in Secondary Cultural Values

• People’s view of nature

– Some feel ruled by it
– Some feel in harmony with it
– Some seek to master it
• People’s view of the universe
– Renewed interest in spirituality
Responding to the Marketing
Environment
Views on Responding