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Parathyroid Gland: Structure, Location and Hormones

The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone to regulate blood calcium and phosphate levels. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels by promoting reabsorption from bone and kidneys and decreases calcium levels by inhibiting reabsorption when calcium is high.

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Rica Norcio
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12 views

Parathyroid Gland: Structure, Location and Hormones

The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland that secrete parathyroid hormone to regulate blood calcium and phosphate levels. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels by promoting reabsorption from bone and kidneys and decreases calcium levels by inhibiting reabsorption when calcium is high.

Uploaded by

Rica Norcio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parathyroid gland: structure, location and

Hormones
Structural anatomy of Parathyroid gland
 Parathyroid glands are tiny, lentil sized gland embeded in posterior of thyroid gland.
 two pairs of parathyroid glands are found.
 each thyroid lobe contains two parathyroid gland.
 The gland is composed of principal cells (secrete parathormone) and Oxyphilic cells
(store parathormone)

Location: embedded on posterior of thyroid gland

Size: small lentil sized, 4 in number

Hormones of Parathyroid gland


1. Parathormone

 Regulate the concentration of calcium and phosphate level in blood


 Increase level of Ca++ in blood by reabsorption from intestine and kidney, Osteolysis
 Low Ca++ concentration in blood stimulate parathormone synthesis.
 Promote decalcification and demineralization of bone.
 stimulates Osteoclast to break (Osteolysis) to release Calcium from bone to blood.

* Improper balance of calcium and phosphate in blood causes faulty nerve impulse transmission,
destruction of bone tissue, hamper bone growth and muscle tetany.

** when calcium level increases in blood, parathormone stimulates inhibition of reabasorption of


calcium in kidney and inhibit osteolysis of bone.

 Disorder of Parathyroid gland:


1. Parathyroid tetany:

 deficiency of parathormone
 muscle spasms, sustained contractions of muscles
 may leads to death

2. Osteoporosis:

 over secretion of parathormone


 decalcification of bones
 bone becomes soft and porous

Parathyroid gland: structur

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