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Instructions Description: Examples

The document discusses MIPS assembly branch instructions that allow conditional and unconditional jumps. It provides examples of various branch instructions like beq, bne, blt, ble, etc and their usage. It also provides examples of translating if-then and if-then-else statements to MIPS assembly using these branch instructions. Finally, it includes two exercises asking the reader to write MIPS assembly programs - one to find the largest of three numbers, and another to perform arithmetic operations on two user input numbers.

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22 views

Instructions Description: Examples

The document discusses MIPS assembly branch instructions that allow conditional and unconditional jumps. It provides examples of various branch instructions like beq, bne, blt, ble, etc and their usage. It also provides examples of translating if-then and if-then-else statements to MIPS assembly using these branch instructions. Finally, it includes two exercises asking the reader to write MIPS assembly programs - one to find the largest of three numbers, and another to perform arithmetic operations on two user input numbers.

Uploaded by

kashif KASHIF .
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIPS assembly provides a variety of conditional and unconditional branch instructions.

Instructions Description
beq $t1, $t2, label # if ($t1 == $t2) goto label
bne $t1, $t2, label # if ($t1 != $t2) goto label
bgez $t1, label # if ($t1 >= 0) goto label
bgtz $t1, label # if ($t1 > 0) goto label
blez $t1, label # if ($t1 <= 0) goto label
bltz $t1, label # if ($t1 < 0) goto label
beqz $t1, label # if ($t1 == 0) goto label
bnez $t1, label # if ($t1 != 0) goto label
beq $t1, 123, label # if ($t1 == 123) goto label
bne $t1, 123, label # if ($t1 != 123) goto label
bge $t1, $t2, label # if ($t1 >= $t2) goto label
bgt $t1, $t2, label # if ($t1 > $t2) goto label
bge $t1, 123, label # if ($t1 >= 123) goto label
bgt $t1, 123, label # if ($t1 > 123) goto label
ble $1, $t2, label # if ($t1 <= $t2) goto label
blt $1, $t2, label # if ($t1 < $t2) goto label
j label goto label

Note:
A lot of branch instructions are pseudo-instructions. When translated into machine code, an
assembler uses $at ($1) as the middle register.
So don’t use $1 when using branch instructions.

EXAMPLES
Structure of an if-then-else statement

if (condition) {

then-block (execute if condition is true)

} else {

else-block (execute if condition is false)

}
Sketch of translation to assembly
(translation of condition, ending in branch to thenLabel)
(translation of else-block)
j endLabel
thenLabel:
(translation of then-block)
endLabel:
(rest of program)

EXAMPLE 1: if-then-else statement


# Pseudocode:
# if (a < (b + 3))
# a = a + 1
# else
# a = a + 2
# b = b + a
# Register mappings:
# a: $t0, b: $t1

addi $t2, $t1, 3 # tmp = b + 3


blt $t0, $t2, then # if (a < tmp)
addi $t0, $t0, 2 # (else case) a = a + 2
j end
then: addi $t0, $t0, 1 # (then case) a = a + 1
end: add $t1, $t1, $t0 # b = b + a

EXAMPLE 2: if-then statement


# Pseudocode:
# if (a < (b + 3))
# a = a + 1
# b = b + a
# Register mappings:
# a: $t0, b: $t1

addi $t2, $t1, 3 # tmp = b + 3


blt $t0, $t2, then # if (a < tmp)
j end
then: addi $t0, $t0, 1 # (then case) a = a + 1
end: add $t1, $t1, $t0 # b = b + a
EXERCISES

1. Write a program in MIPS assembly to find the largest number from three numbers.

 Ask the user to input three numbers

 Do the comparison

 Print the largest number

2. Write a program which takes two numbers from user as input and performs operations on
those numbers as input from the user.

 Print a message on console “Enter the first No”

 Read the input integer from the console.

 Print a message on console “Enter the second No”

 Read the input integer from the console.

 Print a message on console “Enter operation code: 1 for multiply, 2 for division, 3
for addition, 4 for subtraction”

 Compute the result as per operation code.

 Print the result on console “[Operation] between [first no] and [second no] results
in [result]”

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