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Optical Instruments: Light: Mirrors & Lenses

This document provides information about light, mirrors, lenses and several optical instruments. It discusses how a pinhole camera works using a tiny opening to focus light and form an image. A microscope is described as using lenses to magnify small objects. Telescopes are outlined as using either lenses in refracting telescopes or mirrors in reflecting telescopes to observe distant objects. A periscope is defined as using a system of prisms, lenses or mirrors to reflect images through a tube. Students are challenged to design and build their own optical instrument and submit a report describing its construction and use.

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Jess Anthony Efondo
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1K views

Optical Instruments: Light: Mirrors & Lenses

This document provides information about light, mirrors, lenses and several optical instruments. It discusses how a pinhole camera works using a tiny opening to focus light and form an image. A microscope is described as using lenses to magnify small objects. Telescopes are outlined as using either lenses in refracting telescopes or mirrors in reflecting telescopes to observe distant objects. A periscope is defined as using a system of prisms, lenses or mirrors to reflect images through a tube. Students are challenged to design and build their own optical instrument and submit a report describing its construction and use.

Uploaded by

Jess Anthony Efondo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE 10-Q2

LIGHT: MIRRORS & LENSES


MODULE 7

Lesson 1 Optical Instruments

What I Need To Know

In this module, you will make use of these concepts you learned to improvise an optical device.
You will be asked to plan, brainstorm, design, and construct at least one optical device.

Specifically, you are expected to identify ways in which th properties of mirrors and lenses
determine their use in optical instruments (e.g., cameras and binoculars). S10FE-IIh-52

What’s In

In the previous week, you have learned that mirrors are able to form images because of regular
reflection of light, while lenses form images by refracting light rays. You have gained concepts on the
rules of ray diagrams to locate and describe the images formed by such optical instruments.

Reflection is the bouncing of llight when it hits a surface, while refraction is the bending of light
rays at the boundary between two different media due to the difference velocities of light. Both reflection
and refraction of light enable some instruments to form images.

A mirror forms images by regular reflection of light. A lens forms images by refracting light.

What’s New

Activity 1. What Am I? Identify the following optical devices based on the description given.

____________1. This device may use only flat mirrors or a complex optical system using both lenses and
mirrors to reflect imges through a tube.
____________2. It uses lenses within a tube to refract (bend) light and is used in most observatories
to get images of some stars.
____________3. It just makes use of a tiny opening (a pinhole-sized opening) to focus all light rays
within the smallest possible area to obtain an imageof an object placed in front of it.
____________4. is an instrument that is used to magnify small objects.
____________5. Light from a distant object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle of 90
degrees down the tube of this device.

What Is It

A Pinhole Camera

The pinhole camera is the simplest kind of camera. It does not have a lens. It just makes use of
a tiny opening (a pinhole-sized opening) to focus all light rays within the smallest possible area to obtain
an image, as clearly as possible. The simple image formed using a pinhole camera is always inverted.

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Images formed by a Pinhole Camera

To understand how a pinhole camera works,


imagine yourself inside a dark room which allows no light
inside. Now imagine a small opening made on the wall
that you are facing. If someone were to hold a torchlight
from the outside, you could see that light seep into your
room. If the person with the torch moved around the
light source, you would see the light seeping in, vary in
terms of direction and even intensity.

Now instead of a room, imagine a small box with


has been light proofed except for a small pin-sized
opening on the box. Instead of you inside, there is a film
which captures light rays. Instead of you looking at the image of light rays hitting the opposite side of the
wall, the film inside the box records the image. The exposure to the light has to occur for a prolonged
period because the pinhole opening limits the amount of light entering.

A Microscope

A microscope is an instrument that is used to magnify


small objects. Some microscopes can even be used to observe an
object at the cellular level, allowing scientists to see the shape of
a cell, its nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles. While the
modern microscope has many parts, the most important pieces are
its lenses. It is through the microscope’s lenses that the image of
an object can be magnified and observed in detail. A simple light
microscope manipulates how light enters the eye using
a convex lens, where both sides of the lens are curved outwards.
When light reflects off of an object being viewed under the
microscope and passes through the lens, it bends towards the eye.
This makes the object look bigger than it actually is.

The Optical Telescope

There are two types of telescope, the refracting


telescope or refractors and the reflecting telescope or the
reflectors. A refractor uses lenses within
a tube to refract (bend) light. It's the type of long telescope
which you might imagine old-time astronomers, like Galileo,
using. Reflectors, on the other hand, use mirrors instead of
lenses to reflect light.

Most modern observatories use reflectors because


their telescopes are so huge. Refractors would not be practical.
Their lenses would be very heavy and their tubes would need
to be very long.

The Periscope

A periscope is an optical instrument that uses a system of prisms,


lenses or mirrors to reflect images through a tube. Light from a distant
object strikes the top mirror and is then reflected at an angle of 90 degrees
down the periscope tube. At the bottom of the periscope, the light strikes
another mirror and is then reflected into the viewer's eye. This simple
periscope uses only flat mirrors as compared to the periscopes used on
submarines, which are usually a complex optical system using both lenses
and mirrors.

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What I Have Learned

Activity 2. This is Me. Identify the following optical devices found in the second column. You may refer
back to the descriptions above. Write your answers in the answers sheets provided.

Name of Optical Device Ilustration


1.)

2.)

3.)

What I Can Do
Challenge: Make Your Own Optical Device!

This activity will help you apply whatever learnings you have obtained from the above discussion
about mirrors and lenses. Using materials that you can see around you, improvise or build your own
optical instrument used in viewing objects. Now, imagine yourself as a budding inventor who lived during
the time that technology has not flourished yet.

Make a detailed report (procedure) on how you constructed your own optical instrument. You
may send your finished product in your Science Teacher messenger account. Decribe your finished
product and how it is used. Don’t forget to indicate your Family name first, followed by your First Name,
then Section.

Young inventor, please note that your version of optical instrument will be assessed with the following
criteria:
Creativity 10 points
Functionality 20 points
Application of Scientific Knowledge 20 points
Total 50 points

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