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Analysis and Discussion

This document discusses controlling gas pressure in a single capacity process using a pneumatic control valve. It describes the different types of control valves and explains that an air-to-close valve is safer for this experiment. The document also discusses concepts like dead band and the differences between single and two capacity processes.

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28 views4 pages

Analysis and Discussion

This document discusses controlling gas pressure in a single capacity process using a pneumatic control valve. It describes the different types of control valves and explains that an air-to-close valve is safer for this experiment. The document also discusses concepts like dead band and the differences between single and two capacity processes.

Uploaded by

hasniza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Pressure vessels are used to store gas phase components. Precise pressure control
in pressure vessels is required to maintain a consistent concentration of components in the
vessels as well as the number of moles in the vessel. The air flow was monitored by
adjusting the settings. Given that this is a single capacity operation, and a particular amount
of pressure was applied and manually operate the valve.  Pneumatic control valve was used
in this experiment. In pneumatics, there are two types of actuators: air-to-close control valve
and air-to-open control valves. The valve has two chambers: upper and lower. The spring
was positioned above or below the diaphragm to push or pull the control valve (open or
closed), the stem, and the control valve.

The amplitude demonstrated that the curves oscillated at the same frequency for
each process trial. As a result, the Zielger-Nicholass Closed Loop Method was established.
Regrettably, the values of (PB) and (KC) do not support the concept. In theory, if the
proportional band value increases, the control gain value must decrease. Pressure vessels
are designed to operate at pressures up to 15 psig. Gas leakage or rupture failure can
happen if the vessels are cracked or damaged. Employees are at risk of poisonous gas
exposure, suffocation, and explosions. Keep the vessels safe from damage caused by
extremely high pressure.

The objectives of this experiment were to study gas volumetric flow rate
measurement using orifice plate, to study gas mass flow rate measurement using orifice
plate and perfect gas law to compute the gas density from the pressure and temperature
measurements and to study gas mass flow rate (Fm) control using PID controller. In this
experiment, certain parameter had been manipulated to see the flow of air. The parameter
that had been changed during this process is value of MV which were 6.3%, 50% and 70%.
Other parameter that needs to change are the values of PB1, T11, TD1 and change the
process from manual to auto.

Instrument Controller I II III


Reading MV= 6.3% MV= 50% 70%
At the Panel PIC91, 1/0 Data
FT91,√ h X1 - % of 0 -100mm 88.65 52.3 35.0
TTT911, T X2 - % of 0 - 120°C 24.8 25.3 25.3
PT911, P X3 - % of 0 – 60psia 25.9 98.6 109.3

FIC91, Main Face


Plate
Fm PV, kg/Hr 53.1 40.3 28.1

FIC91, Main Face


Plate
Fv PO1, m3/Hr 22.6 13.4 9.0

Recorder FPTR91
Channel 1 (Red) Fm, kg/Hr 24.5 32 40.5
Channel 2 (Green) Fvb, m3/Hr 7.7 10.5 13.4

By Calculation Fvb, Nm3/Hr 122.84 140 98.65


Fm, kg/Hr 158.81 180.99 127.53

At the Plant
FI911, Nm3/Hr 51 32 20.05
PG900, psig 35.5 47 53

This experiment was conduct control of pressure in single capacity process. In


conclude, this conducted experiment was a success. As an observation, this experiment
required the final control element, which is a control valve, to perform. As this involves the
application of pressure, the usage of a suitable control valve is required to avoid any
accidents in the future. There are three hydraulic control valves and one electronic control
valve. Basically, pneumatic control valves require air pressure to activate, hydraulic control
valves require water to be active, and electrical control valves need electricity to work.

A pneumatic control valve was utilized in this experiment since the air pressure were
used to activates it. In pneumatics, there are two types of actuators: air-to-close and air-to-
open control valves. Essentially, various sorts of control valves function on the same
mechanical principle. The diagram, which comprises upper and lower chambers, the spring
positioned upwards and downwards of diagrams to push or pull control valve, the stem, and
control valve, is an essential device.
Figure 1: Air-to-open and Air-to-close control valve

To support information stated from TotalValveSolutions, accordingly to (Bartelt,2015)


the only different between the two actuators is the position of air pressure inlet into the
control valves whether it is positioned on the upper or lower diaphragm chamber. This is due
to safety precautions while using control valves. It is safer to use an air-to-close control valve
in this experiment. If pressure is lost during the operation, the control valve will open to
prevent the process from overheating. As the air is lost, the schematic slides upwards, and
the spring travels upwards, allowing the valve to open. This is known as fail-open; when a
process fails, the control valve opens to prevent overheating in the process flow.

In addition, this experiment taught about on/off control. This control final element,
which is either fully closed or open. In industry, sometimes it needs to modify the set point
instantly due to current circumstances, but on/off only works to open or shut final control
element. As a result, a predetermined limit must be introduced to safeguard the control
element from becoming worn; this set of limits is referred to as a dead band. It is a range
operation with a lower and upper limit that revolves around a fixed point. Within this
constraint, a dead band will minimize the wear on the final control element, and the change
may be made quickly without causing harm to the instrument.

Figure : Range of dead band

According to (Technology Transfer,2014), dead band may be defined as the time gap
between when a change happens in a process and when the change is identified.
Technology Transfer has the same information on the dead band that supports the prior
information. The experiment also exposed us to single and two capacity processes;
however, for the gas pressure process control experiment, we only performed the single
capacity process. There are distinctions between these two procedures. Overshooting and
disruption are two examples of differences that might be examined. It is apparent that
overshooting at single capacity is substantially lower and has been growing since the first
testing till now. The third trial will be theoretical. Overshooting is greater at two capacity and
decreases theoretically from the first trial to the third trial.

1. Technology Transfer. (2014, February 25). Retrieved October 24, 2016, from Process
Control Fundementals: https://www.techtransfer.com/blog/process-control-fundamentals/

2. Bartelt, T. (2015, October 15). Air-to-open / Air-to-close. Retrieved October 24, 2016, from
Wisc Online: https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/career-clusters/stem/ele2007/airto-
openair-to-close-valves

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