Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017

ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Electric-Less Refrigeration System

Arshad Ayub1 & Lohith A2
1,2
Student, Dept. of Mechanical, New Horizon College, Karnataka, India

Abstract - Sometimes there are simple solutions to earthen vessel to its outer surface where it evaporates to
universal needs that don’t require coal fired electricity, the surrounding, absorbing its latent heat in part from
fossil fuels, or even solar panels or wind turbines. the vessel, which cools the water. It is said that
Around a one-third of the world’s population have no Patliputra University situated on the bank of river
access to electricity. So, keeping these in factors in Ganges used to induce the evaporative-cooled air from
mind we have given detail report on electric-less the river. Suitably located chimneys in the rooms
refrigeration. Where, Refrigeration has always been augmented the upward flow of warm air, which was
important factor of consideration we just have given an replaced by cool air. Evaporative cooling by placing
upgrade keeping all the above factors in mind that is wet straw mats on the windows is also very common in
refrigeration without electricity with the three cooling India. The straw mat made from “khus” adds its
methods and the support of underground most of all we inherent perfume also to the air. Now-a-days desert
have reached a better drop in temperature than any coolers are being used in hot and dry areas to provide
other around 20 degree Celsius. cooling in summer

Key Words: Converging Lens, Aluminium Pipes, PVC

elbow joints, Copper Coil, Acrylic Sheets, Steel Elbow 2. SCOPE
Joints, Reducers, Solar Powered Fans, Copper Pipe,
Thermocool box. As we know to run a refrigeration system electric
power is necessary. The very saddening fact about
1. INTRODUCTION electricity is that, per IEA-Energy Access Database, out
of 7 billion of population. 1.3 billion people don’t have
access to the electricity. Those 1.3 billion people still
Refrigeration may be defined as the process of
lives in dark.
achieving and maintaining a temperature below that of
the surroundings, the aim being to cool some product Among the basic necessities, a man has for survival,
or space to the required temperature. One of the most food is the primary necessity for existence. For this very
important applications of refrigeration has been the reason food preservation is of utmost importance. An
preservation of perishable food products by storing estimated 25-50% of the world’s food goes to waste
them at low temperatures. Refrigeration systems are therefore it is very necessary to find a way to improve
also used extensively for providing thermal comfort to food storage globally.
human beings by means of air conditioning. Air
Conditioning refers to the treatment of air so as to Food wastage: about 1/3 of the food produced in
the world for human consumption every year;
simultaneously control its temperature, moisture
approximately 1.3 billion tones gets wasted, with this
content, cleanliness, odour and circulation, as required
attempt to build a refrigeration system which would run
by occupants, a process, or products in the space. The
without electricity, we can eliminate the food wastage
subject of refrigeration and air conditioning has
evolved out of human need for food and comfort, and to a reasonable extent. This refrigeration system could
its history dates back to centuries provide an economical yet efficient way of preserving
food. With about 20% of world population having no
access to electricity can use this refrigeration system to
1.1 Evaporative Cooling store and preserve their food
As the name indicates, evaporative cooling is the
process of reducing the temperature of a system by 3. DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND
evaporation of water. Human beings perspire and WORKING
dissipate their metabolic heat by evaporative cooling if
the ambient temperature is more than skin temperature. It works by passively drawing in warm ambient air
through the converging nozzle, which is fed into an
Animals such as the hippopotamus and buffalo coat
aluminum pipe that’s been buried underground. This
themselves with mud for evaporative cooling.
Evaporative cooling has been used in India for centuries already starts to cool down the air before it's fed into
to obtain cold water in summer by storing the water in coiled cooper pipe that’s been placed above the water
in the evaporation chamber. The evaporation process is
earthen pots. The water permeates through the pores of
helped along by a small solar-powered fan. The water

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

evaporating around pipe chills the air inside and this is system uses air as refrigerant (thermal conductivity of
then fed back underground before entering the air 0.024 w/mk).
refrigeration chamber. The electric-less refrigeration

3.1 Block Diagram

Fig 3.1 Block diagram of electicless system

Fig 3.2 3D PRESENTATION

4. COOLING STAGES ground at a depth of 3m is between 15 to 25°C and the

temperature remains constant at about 22°C.
4.1 Initial or Underground Cooling According to this variation of temperature with respect
to depth, the temperature underground is less than the
The converging nozzle; A nozzle is a device designed atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the is a
to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow temperature difference between the air flowing and the
(especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enter) an soil, due to this there is a heat transfer between the air
enclosed chamber or pipe via orifice. flowing and the soil.

While passing through the converging nozzle, the low The heat from the air flowing inside the aluminum coil
velocity air is accelerated to higher velocity. The is transferred to the soil covering the aluminium coil.
nozzle guides the intake air into the underground The heat transfer takes place through conduction and
aluminum coil. The annual temperature variation of the convection. Heat transfer through convection takes

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

place between the air flowing and the aluminium during the day time only and for proper food
surface and heat transfer through conduction takes preservation the temperature must be maintained
place between aluminium surface and the soil. As we constant, for this very reason we are using thermocol
know aluminium has better thermal conductivity (205 ice box. This box can hold or keep the air inside it at
w/mk ) than most of the other metals, it was striking the temperature less than 10 degrees. To have efficient
enough to use aluminium to make a coil. As the air flow of air throughout the process, the storage box is
starts flowing inside the aluminium coil, it already also kept underground
starts to cool. In this stage we could achieve a
temperature drop of 4-5 degrees. We could achieve
higher temperature drop if we use damp or wet soil

Fig 4.1 UNDERGROUND ALUMINIUM COIL (3D) Fig 4.3 Storage box
4.2 Evaporative Cooling 5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Evaporative cooling is a heat and mass transfer 5.1 SPECIFICATIONS

process that uses water evaporation for air cooling, in
which large amount of heat is transferred from air to DIAMETER OF ALUMINIUM PIPE - 24 mm
water, and consequently the air temperature decreases. LENGTH OF ALUMINIUM PIPE USED - 3.6 m
Evaporative coolers could be classified into: 1) Direct THICKNESS OF ALUMINIUM PIPE - 1.6 mm
evaporative coolers, in which the working fluids (water DIAMETER OF COPPER COIL - 6 mm
and air) are indirect contact; 2) Indirect evaporative LENGTH OF COPPER COIL USED - 3.8 m
coolers, where a surface/plate separates between the THICKNESS OF COPPER COIL - 0.8 mm
working fluids; (3)
Combined system of direct and indirect 5.1.1 Temperature drop due to Initial Cooling
evaporative coolers and/or with other cooling cycles.
SL NOZZLE ROOM TEMPERATURE
NO DIAMETER TEMPERATURE DROP
1 200 mm 30-33 degrees 5-6 degrees
2 250 mm 30-33 degrees 4-5 degrees
3 300 mm 30-33degrees 2-4 degrees

5.1.2 Temperature drop due to Evaporative

Cooling

SL NOZZLE ROOM
N DIAMETE TEMPERATUR TEMPERATUR
O R E E DROP

Fig 4.2 Evaporative Cooling 1 200 mm 30- 33 degrees 18-20 degrees

2 250 mm 30-33 degrees 15-17 degrees

4.3 Storage Box
3 300 mm 30-33 degrees 14-17 degrees
The storage box is a styro foam box (or normally
called as thermocol box). The function or the reason of
using this is to entrap the cool air coming out of There is no instant temperature drop in the storage
evaporation chamber. The refrigeration takes place box. It took around 60-90 minutes to achieve a

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

temperature of 8 degrees. We could achieve even more International Journal of Environmental Science and
temperature drop with 100% insulation and without Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, February 2015
leakages. [2] International Journal of Advances in Engineering
& Technology, July 2013. ©IJAET ISSN:
6. CONCLUSION 22311963,1313 Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 1313-1318
[3] Annual ground temperature measurements at
The primary goal of this project is to identify a way various depths Georgios Florides and Soteris
to provide food preservation facility without the need Kalogirou. Higher Technical Institute, P. O. Box
of electricity. With this attempt to provide a 20423, Nicosia 2152, Cyprus,Tel. +357-22-406466,
refrigeration system which would work without Fax: +357-22-406480, Email:
electricity, we have achieved a considerable success [email protected] Gender: Males
and we are hoping that with further research on this
topic would lead us to better and improved results [4] Report on Wind Chill Temperature and
It was a wonderful and learning experience for us Extreme Heat Indices: Evaluation and
while working on this project. This project took us Improvement Projects. Numerical simulation of
through the various phases of project development and turbulent compressible flows in a C-D nozzle with
gave us real insight into the world of refrigeration. The different divergence angles Mohammad Hadi Hamedi
joy of working and the thrill involved while tackling Estakhrsar, Mehdi Jahromi* Malek-Ashtar University
the various problems and challenges gave us a feel of of Technology, Tehran, Iran
developers industry.
We enjoyed each and every bit of work we had [5] Performance of a Refrigeration Absorption
put into this project. Without the support of our guide Cycle Driven by Different Power Sources Sameh
and our department this project would have not been Alsaqoor1, Khaled S. AlQdah2*,Mechanical
possible. Engineering Department, Tafila Technical University,
Tafila, Jordan
REFERENCE
[1] A Review of Evaporative Cooling Technologies
111. O. Amer, R. Boukhanouf, and H. G. Ibrahim

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