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Fundamentals of Desalination Processes

The document is an assessment of the operational performance of a brine recycle multi-stage flash desalination plant. It provides calculations of key performance metrics like gain output ratio and performance ratio. It also evaluates the performance of key components like the brine heater, heat recovery section, and heat rejection section by calculating heat transfer rates, overall heat transfer coefficients, and fouling factors.

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Elzubair Eljaali
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64 views6 pages

Fundamentals of Desalination Processes

The document is an assessment of the operational performance of a brine recycle multi-stage flash desalination plant. It provides calculations of key performance metrics like gain output ratio and performance ratio. It also evaluates the performance of key components like the brine heater, heat recovery section, and heat rejection section by calculating heat transfer rates, overall heat transfer coefficients, and fouling factors.

Uploaded by

Elzubair Eljaali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Khartoum Of University
Engineering of Faculty
Department of Chemical Engineering

FUNDAMENTALS OF
DESALINATION
PROCESSES

ASSESSMENT (1)

Group Name:
Weaam Abdallah Ahmed Index: 152064
Wala Osama Ahmed Index: 152065
Yosra Hassan Salih Index: 152069
Operational performance of brine recycle MSF
desalination plant

Solution:
1. Calculations of gain output ratio (GOR) and performance ratio:
Given data:
Water production (Md) = 3057.9 ton/h

Steam consumption (Mc) = 313.1 ton/h

Brine heater shell temperature (tsh) = 115.2 ℃

Gain output performance (GOR) Md 3057.9


= = 9.77
= 𝑀𝑐 313.1

𝑀𝑑×2326
Performance ratio (PR) = 𝑀𝑐×ℎ𝑓𝑔

hfg = 2504.166-(2.4806*tsh) = 2504.166-(2.4806*115.2) = 2218.4 kJ/kg


3057.9×2326
>> PR = = 10.24 kg/ (2326 kJ)
313.1×2218.4
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE BRINE HEATER PERFORMANCE:
Given data:

INPUT DATA BRINE HEATER


S/N Instrument# Description Unit
1 LP steam temperature ℃ 176.2
2 LP steam pressure barA 3.62
3 Brine heater inlet temperature ℃ 104.46
4 Top brine temperature ℃ 111
5 Brine recycle flow ton/h 28390
6 Brine heater shell temperature t1 ℃ 115.2
7 Brine heater shell pressure Ps bara 1.7
8 Condensate temperature tc ℃ 115.2
9 Condensate flow Mc ton/h 313.1
10 Distillate flow D ton/h 3057.9
11 Brine recycle TDS ppm 62040
12 Brine heater heat transfer area m2 8965
Brine heater clean OHTC
13 W/m2K 6000.000
(contractor value)

 Brine heater heat input (Qbh)

Heat input Qbh = Mr × Cpavg × (t2-t1) × (1000kg/ton)

Cpavg = 3.6 × (1-(Sbr × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 × tav) + (0.0000009366 × tav2)))


t2+t1 111+104.46
tav = = = 107.73 ℃
2 2

>> Cpavg = 3.6 × (1-(62040 × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 ×107.73) + (0.0000009366 ×


107.732)))
Cpavg = 3.843kJ/ (kg degC)

>> Qbh = 28390 × Cpavg × (111-104.46) × (1000kg/ton)

Qbh = 198228.44kJ/S = 71362238 x 102 kj/h


 Brine heater overall heat transfer coefficient (Ubh)

Qbh = Ubh × Abh × LMTD

( 𝒕𝒔𝒉−𝒕𝟐)−(𝒕𝒄−𝒕𝟏) ( 𝟏𝟏𝟓.𝟐−𝟏𝟏𝟏)−(𝟏𝟏𝟓.𝟐−𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟒𝟔)
LMTD = (𝒕𝒔𝒉−𝒕𝟐)
= (𝟏𝟏𝟓.𝟐−𝟏𝟏𝟏)
ln ln
(𝒕𝒄−𝒕𝟏) (𝟏𝟏𝟓.𝟐−𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟒𝟔)

LMTD = 6.965

>> Ubh = Qbh


8965
×𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

Ubh = 3.1743 W/m2K

 Brine heater fouling factor (FFbh)

1/Ubh = 1/Ucbh +FFbh

FFbh = (1/Ubh)-(1/Ucbh) = (1/Ubh) - (1/6000) = 0.00014836 m2K/Kw

3. ASSESSMENT OF THE HEAT RECOVERY SECTION PERFORMANCE


Given data:

INPUT DATA HEAT RECOVERY SECTION

S/N Instrument# Description Unit

14 Brine temperature at inlet of the last recovery stage t3 ℃ 41.9

15 Vapor temperature at 1st stage TV1 ℃ 106.37

16 Vapor temperature at the last recovery stage TVL ℃ 46.99

17 Brine recycle TDS ppm 62040

18 Heat recovery heat transfer area m2 158432

19 Heat recovery clean OHTC (contractor value) W/m2K 5500.000

20 Heat recovery outlet temperature ℃ 104.46

21 Heat recovery inlet tempeture (TBT) ℃ 111

 Heat recovery heat input (Qrec)

Heat input Qrec = Mr × Cpavg × (t1-t3) × (1000kg/ton)


t1+t3 104.46+46.4
tav = = = 73.18℃
2 2

Cpavg = 3.6 × (1-(Sbr × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 × tav) + (0.0000009366 × tav2)))


= 3.6 × (1-(62040 × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 ×73.18) + (0.0000009366 × 73.182)))
Cpavg = 3.885104 kJ/ (kg degC)

>> Qrec = 28390 × Cpavg × (104.46 – 46.4) × (1000kg/ton)

Qrec = 1916736.29 kJ/S = 690025 kJ/h

 Heat recovery overall heat transfer coefficient (Urec)

Qrec = Urec × Arec × LMTD


( 𝟏𝟎𝟔.𝟑𝟕−𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟒𝟔)−(𝟏𝟎𝟔.𝟑𝟕−𝟒𝟔.𝟗𝟗)
LMTD = ( 𝒕𝒗𝟏−𝒕𝟏)−(𝒕𝒗𝒍−𝒕𝟑)
(𝒕𝒗𝟏−𝒕𝟏)
= ( 𝟏𝟎𝟔.𝟑𝟕−𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟒𝟔)
ln ln
(𝒕𝒗𝒍−𝒕𝟑) (𝟏𝟎𝟔.𝟑𝟕−𝟒𝟔.𝟗𝟗)

LMTD = 3.2443
Qrec
>> Urec =
158432
×𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

Urec = 3.7291 kW/m2k

 Heat recovery fouling factor (FFrec)

1/Urec = 1/Ucrec +FFrec

FFrec = (1/Urec)-(1/Ucrec) = (1/Urec) - (1/5500) = 0.00008635 m2k/kw

4. ASSESSMENT OF THE HEAT REJECTION SECTION PERFORMANCE


Given data:

INPUT DATA HEAT REJECTION


S/N Instrument# Description Unit
22 CW temperature at inlet of last stage tc1 ℃ 35
CW temperature at outlet of first heat rejection stage
23 ℃ 41.3
tc2
24 Vapor temperature at last stage TVLrej ℃ 40.19
25 Vapor temperature at first heat rejection stage TVLrej ℃ 43.38
26 CW flow to heat rejection Mc ton/h 28500
27 Cooling water CW TDS ppm 44000
28 Heat rejection heat transfer area m2 18819
29 Heat rejection clean OHTC (contractor value) W/m2K 5000.000
 Heat rejection heat input (Qrej)

Heat input Qrej = Mc × Cpavg × (tc2-tc1) × (1000kg/ton)


tc2+tc1 41.3+35
tav = = = 38.15℃
2 2

Cpavg = 3.6 × (1-(Sc × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 × tav) + (0.0000009366 × t 2)))


av
= 3.6 × (1-(44000 × 0.000001)) × (1.1693-((0.0001873 ×38.15) + (0.0000009366 × 38.152)))
Cpavg = 3.9949 kJ/ (kg deg c)

>> Qrej = 28500 × Cpavg × (41.3 - 35) × (1000kg/ton)

Qrej = 199249.6375 kJ/s= 717298574.9kj/h

 Heat rejection overall heat transfer coefficient (U rej)

Qrej = Urej × Arej × LMTD

LMTD = ( 𝒕𝒗𝟏𝒓𝒆𝒋−𝒕𝒄𝟐)−(𝒕𝒗𝒍𝒓𝒆𝒋−𝒕𝒄𝟏)
(𝒕𝒗𝟏𝒓𝒆𝒋−𝒕𝒄𝟐)
(𝟒𝟑.𝟑𝟖−𝟒𝟏.𝟑)−(𝟒𝟎.𝟏𝟗−𝟑𝟓)
( 𝟒𝟑.𝟑𝟖−𝟒𝟏.𝟑)
ln
(𝟒𝟎.𝟏𝟗−𝟑𝟓)
=
ln
(𝒕𝒗𝒍𝒓𝒆𝒋−𝒕𝒄𝟏)

LMTD = 3.4012

>> Urej = Qrej


18819
×𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

Urej = 3.4012 kw/m2k

 Heat recovery fouling factor (FFrej)

1/Urej = 1/Ucrej +FFrej

FFrej = (1/Urej)-(1/Ucrej) = (1/Urej) - (1/5000) = 0.0001212 m2k/W

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