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Foundations of Education

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It encompasses biological, social, and environmental influences on thoughts, actions, and feelings. Psychology is a broad field that connects to other sciences and includes many specialized areas of research like abnormal, clinical, cognitive, forensic, social, and industrial-organizational psychology. While not a pure science, psychology uses scientific methods to study mental processes, brain functions, and all types of human and animal behavior objectively.

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Javerea Rafique
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67 views

Foundations of Education

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It encompasses biological, social, and environmental influences on thoughts, actions, and feelings. Psychology is a broad field that connects to other sciences and includes many specialized areas of research like abnormal, clinical, cognitive, forensic, social, and industrial-organizational psychology. While not a pure science, psychology uses scientific methods to study mental processes, brain functions, and all types of human and animal behavior objectively.

Uploaded by

Javerea Rafique
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

Lecture 09
Psychological Perspective of
Education
 Concept of Psychology
 Definition
 Types
 Explanation
Ms Javerea Rafique
1 December 22, 2020
What is Psychology?

2
In terms of the study of soul

 The earliest attempt at defining


psychology owe their origin to the
most mysterious and philosophical
concept, namely that of SOUL.
 Derived from two Greek words
 Psyche…Soul
 Logos…Study
 What is soul?
 How it can be studied?

3
In terms of study of the Mind
 Some ancient Greek philosophers define
psychology as study of the Mind.
 It also faced the same questions
 What is mind?
 How it can be studied?

4
In terms of the study of
consciousness
 William James in his book “ Principles of
Psychology” defined psychology as: “the
description and explanation of state of
consciousness as such”
 It is done by the instrument of
INTROSPECTION___The process of looking
within.
 It could not include the study of the
consciousness of animals.
 Not talking about subconscious and unconscious
activities of the mind

5
In terms of the study of behavior
 From Nineteenth century onwards with the advent
of the modern era of scientific investigation and
thought, psychology began to be defined as the
study of behavior.
 William McDougall, a British psychologist first
define it:

“Psychology is the science which aims


to give us better understanding and
control of the organism as a whole”

6
Meaning of the term Behavior
It involves:
 All motor activities e.g., walking, swimming, dancing,
and cognitive activities e,g., thinking, imagining and
affective activities e.g, feeling happy, sad, angry etc.
 Not only conscious but also the subconscious and
unconscious
 Overt and covert behavior
 Not limited to the study of human behavior but also
the behavior of animals, birds, insects and even
plants.
Thus it includes study of the behavior of all living
organisms!

7
Nature of Psychology
 Quite scientific
 Because possess a body of facts which can be
supported through universal laws and principles
 It emphasizes the search for truth
 It doesn’t believe in hearsay, stereotypes or
superstitions
 It believes in cause and effect relationship
 It adopts objective investigations, systematic and
controlled observation

8
What kind of science a psychology
is?
We can divide all the sciences into two broad
categories:
 The positive science (Physical and life sciences)
 The normative Science (logic, philosophy and
ethics)

 Psychology is not a pure science like Physics,


Chemistry, Biology, Botany.

9
What is Psychology?
 Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and
behavior.
 Psychologists are actively involved in studying
and understanding mental processes, brain
functions, and behavior.
 It encompasses the biological influences, social
pressures, and environmental factors that affect
how people think, act, and feel.

10
Psychology as Hub Science
The field of
psychology is
considered a
"Hub Science"
with strong
connections to the
medical sciences,
social sciences,
and education
(Boyack, Klavans,
& Borner, 2005).
11
Types of Psychology

 Psychology is a broad and diverse field that


encompasses the study of human thought,
behavior, development, personality, emotion,
motivation, and more.
 The following are some of the major areas of
research and application within psychology:

12
 Abnormal psychology is the study of abnormal
behavior and psychopathology. This specialty
area is focused on research and treatment of a
variety of mental disorders and is linked to
psychotherapy and clinical psychology.

13
 Clinical psychology is focused on the
assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental
disorders.

14
 Cognitive psychology is the study of human
thought processes including attention, memory,
perception, decision-making, problem-solving,
and language acquisition

15
 Forensic psychology is an applied field focused
on using psychological research and principles in
the legal and criminal justice system.

16
 Social psychology focuses on group behavior,
social influences on individual behavior, attitudes,
prejudice, conformity, aggression, and related
topics.

17
 Industrial-organizational psychology is a field
that uses psychological research to enhance
work performance and select employees.

18

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