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Theory481722 1

The document discusses Streptococcus bacteria, including that it is Gram positive, cocci arranged in chains that can infect humans. It is classified based on hemolysis and Lancefield classification identifies 20 subgroups, with Group A most commonly infecting humans. Streptococcus pyogenes is a beta-hemolytic Group A streptococci that is a common cause of respiratory infections.

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17 views2 pages

Theory481722 1

The document discusses Streptococcus bacteria, including that it is Gram positive, cocci arranged in chains that can infect humans. It is classified based on hemolysis and Lancefield classification identifies 20 subgroups, with Group A most commonly infecting humans. Streptococcus pyogenes is a beta-hemolytic Group A streptococci that is a common cause of respiratory infections.

Uploaded by

Aamna
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Streptococcus:

➢ G+ve, cocci arranged in chains.


➢ Among all animals , humans are more susceptible to this bacteria.
➢ Not even single organ or tissue is immune to streptococcus.
➢ As compare to staphylococcus , Streptococcus can cause post-infection
syndrome.
➢ Post-infection disorders include:
1. Acute rheumatic fever
2. Rehumatic heart disease
3. Acute Glomerulonephritis

Classification:

1st:Classified on the base of hemolysis

γhemolytic streptococci

αhemolytic βhemolytic

• Alpha-hemolytic streptococci: Produce “partial” zone of hemolysis.


• Beta-hemolytic streptococci: Produce “complete” zone of hemolysis.
• Gamma hemolytic streptococci: Produce “no” zone of hemolysis.

Among these three groups, beta hemolytic streptococci are most pathogenic and
involve in mostly infections caused by streptococcus.

Beta hemolytic streptococci further classified into sub-groups on the basis of


antigenic variation in cell wall.Antigenic variation is due to presence of C-
substance that vary in each strain. This type of classification is known as
“Lancefield Classification”.

Till date 20 sub-groups of beta hemolytic streptococci on the basis of antigenic


variation has been discovered.

These Groups named as A,B,C,D. Among them “Group A” is mainly involved in


human infections.
Streptococcus Pyogenes (β-hemolytic Group ‘A’streptococci)
Morphology: G+ve, cocci arranged in long chains.

Capsulated (pathogenic)
Strains

Non-capsulated (non-pathogenic)

Virulence Factors:

I. Capsule= Help bacteria to escape from phagocytosis


II. Protein “M”= Help bacteria to escape from Opsonization
Habitat:

Normally, streptococcus pyogenes present in upper respiratory system.Clinical


cases can also be source of this bacteria.

How Streptococcus Pyogenes can cause disease?

It cause disease as secondary pathogen.

As it present in respiratory tract , will find opportunity and invade in respiratory


system.

1) If mucus membrane is destroyed by polluted environment that contains


harmful chemicals ,then this bacteria will find opportunity and will invade
into the system.
2) If person already has disease of repiratory system ,then it will also lead to
the invasion of bacteria into the system.

Once bacteria invade and survive in the system.It will grow in the tissues of
respiratory system.Streptococcus pyogenes will produce different toxins and
enzymes as a result of its metabolic activity and will cause disease.

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