N U M B E R S Y S T E M -

A N I N T R O D U C T I O N

13 talk to each
other in some specific language. This language
We words and letters, the computer
we type these
an
nicate?
do we communi we
Although
Alnougn
translates them into numbers before storing
letters.

o f words and wora

computer
How uunderstand
How
of hem. The mbers, which
numbers, which is also known as
numbers, i.e., binary
does not p
made

two
nderstands only
s
because i t understand
talk and understand only numbers.
n computers
say
that
that
computers

l a n g u a g e .
We can types:
binary are of the following
systems
N u m b e r

SYSTEMS
wUMBER

OF
rYPES
Decimal Number System
that we use Base for
in our day-to-day life.
number system
is a
number system
10 as it u s e s 10 digits (0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). In all the
Decimal
is
number system
is zero. In all the
number systems maximum value of digit
3 decimal
the ifirst digit
svstems,
s ystems,

value ofbase
number

less than the

one
is base-10 system.
known as
I t is also the positions to the left
successive of the decimal point
In decimal number system, thousands and so on.
represent units, tens, hundreds,
on the position they occupy in a number.
values depending
Digits signify different
For example, in (2789)
10° 9x 1 =9
9 signifies 9
=
x

x10= 8 x 10 80
8 signifies 8
102 7 x 100 700
7 signifies 7 x
=

103 2 x 1000 2000

signifies 2
=
2 x
2789
On adding them 2000 700 +
80+9 =

Binary Number System

are as follows:
Characteristics of binary number system
or digits, i.e., 0
and 1.
has only two symbols
Binary number system
base-2 number system.
Binary number system is also known as
base ().
binary number represents a power of the
Each position in a

Hence,
Ihe rightmost position is the units (2°) position,
5
 ond position trom the right is the 2's (2) positio

For example, the decimal number of roceeds in this w

(10101), is:
= (1x 2) + (0 x 2) + (1 x 2-) + (0 x 2i) + (1 x 20)
= (1x 16) 8) (1 + (0 x + x 4) + (0 x 2) + (1 x 1)
= 16 0 + 4 +0 +1
= (21)
Binary equivalent ot decimal
digit 2 is 10 or (10), read as one zero
and
With n bits (n positions) only 2"
patterns are possible. (Binary digit is also ten not .

as bit.) referred
For example,
3 bits can have 2 =
8 patterns
For 3 bits (3 positions)
000
001
010
011
100
101
110 6
111 7

Octal Number System

Characteristics of Octal number system are as follows:
Octal number system is also known as base-8
Each positional number number system.
represents the power of base 8.
It display 8 digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
can

For example, the decimal number of

(2892), is:
(2892), (2 8) (8 8) + (9 x 8') + (2 x 8°)
x = + x

=
1024 + 512 + 72 +2
=
1610 or
(1610),0
Hexadecimal Number System
Characteristics of Hexadecimal number system are as follows:
Hexadecimal number system is also known as base-16 number
system.
It can display 16 digits and symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E,
F)
where A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15
Each position represents a power of base 16.
For example, the decimal number of hexadecimal (1AF), is
(1AF) = (1 x16) + (A x 16') + (F x 16)
=
(16 x l6) +(10 x 16) + (15 x 1)
= 256 + 160 15
431 or (431)0

6
 cONVERSIoN OF DECIMAL NUMBER TO BINARY NUMBER
convert an integer from decimal to binary by following repeated division method.
In this method, the number is divided by 2 and its remainders are recorded.
For example, if we want to convert (76), decimal number into binary number, we need
to follow the given steps:
Step 1: Divide the number to be converted with the base value of the binary
number, i.e., 2.

Repeated Division
2 76
38

Step 2: Record the remainder of the first step.

Repeated Division Remainder

2 76
38 0

Step 3: Divide the quotient of the previous step by the base value of binary
number, i.e., 2.

Repeated Division Remainder

2 76
2 38
19 0

Step 4: Record the remainder. Repeat Step 2 and Step 3, till the quotient becomes 0.

Repeated Division Remainder

2 76
38 0
19 0
9

Step 5:
Readingof the remainder is written from bottom to
top.
76 = (1001100),
 Solved Examples:

1. Convert (45),, to a binary number.

Repeated Division Remainder
43
21
10 1
2 5 Write in
2
2
this order
1
2
0
0

Reading of the remainder is written from bottom to top.

43 (101011),
2. Convert (442) to a
binary number.
Repeated Division Remainder
2
442
221
110
55
27
2
1 Write in
13 this order
6

Reading of the remainder is written from bottom to top.

442 (110111010),
CONVERSION OF BINARY NUMBER TO
We can convert a DECIMAL NUMBER
binary number to a decimal number
For example, if we have to by following the steps
convert 101001, given below
binary number into decimal
Step 1: Determine the position of each number.
digit in the binary number.
Position Digit Position Number
Position Value
(from right)
1
20
2
2
0 3 22 4
4
23 8
0 5 24 16
1
25 32

8 .*.*.*.
Step 2: Multiply the position value by the corresponding position digits.
32 x 1 16 x 0 8x 1 4 x0 2x 0 1x1
32 0 8 0 0

Step 3: Sum the products.

32+0+ 8+ 0 + 0 +1 =41

Hence, 101001, =(41),

Solved Examples:
1. Convert (11001), binary number to a decimal number.
Step 1:
Position Digit Position Number Position Value
(fromright)
20 1
0 2 2
3 22 4
23 8
5 24 16

Step 2:
16 x 1 8x 1 4x 0 2x0 1x1
16 8 0 1

Step 3:
16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 25

Hence, 11001, = (25),

2. Convert (11010011), to base 10 (decimal number).

Step 1:
Position Digit Position Number Position Value
(from right)
20 1
2 2 2
3 22 4
0
4 23 8
0
5 24 16
6 25 32
0
7 2 64
1
8 27 128

9
 Step 2:
11010011
64 x 1 32 x 0 16 x 1 8 x0 4x 0
128 x 1 2 x 1
64 0 16 0
128 2 1x1
Step 3:
128 64 +0+ 16 + 0 +0 +2 + l =
211
Hence, 11010011, = (211)0

Info Power: Any system of naming or representing numbers as the decimal s .

or the binary system is also known
numeral system.
as em
Be Wise Be Nice: To become successful, you need a lot of
commitment.
practice, dedication and

Now you know

Number Systems are

of the following types:
Decimal Number System
.Binary Number System
.Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Conversion of Decimal Number System into Binary Number
Division Method.
System is done by Repeated

Conversion of Binary Number System into Decimal

Number System is done by multiplying
Position Value to Position Digit.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions:

(a) How is data stored in
computer memoryy?
(b) What are the different
types of number systems?
(c) Explain briefly the following number systems:
(0) Decimal
(i) Binary
 (d) Convert the following decimal numbers to binary numbers

(i) 4550 (ii) 790

(ii) 1679,0 (iv) 1235
(e) Convert the following binary numbers to decimal numbers:

(i) 111001, (i) 1010101,

(ii) 110110 (iv) 111011,
2. Fill in the blanks:
ystem (a) is also known as base-10 system.
nto before
and (b) The computer translates
storing
is also known as base-2 number system.
(c)
digits and
(d) Binary number system has only two symbols or

(e) Binary digit is referred to as

Octal number system is also known as.

display 16 digits and symbols.

(9)
3. Match the following:
(i) Binary number system
(a) Base-10

(b) Base-8 (i) 11001000,

(c) Base-16 (ii) 2710

ed Decimal number system
(d) Base-2 (iv)
(v) 1101,
g (e) 2000
(vi) 10010,
() 3810
(vii) 1010100,
(g) 11011,
(vii) Octal number system
(h) 1310
(ix) 100110,
(i) 84, Hexadecimal number system
(x)
) 18,0
statements:
F for false
4 Write T for true and
numbers into alphabets before storing.
(a) A computer translates
is known as base-4 system.
system
O
Decimal number
(b)
is same as binary number system.
Decimal number system
(c)
number system has two symbols-0 and 1.
(d) Binary

.'.
 known as bit.
is also
Binary digit
(e) hexadecimal number system is 13.
of A in
Value
()
division method, we divide the number by 2.
repeated
(9)
the correct option:
5. Tick (/)
What is the binary number of decimal number 774,,?
(a)
(i) 1100000110
()100000110

(i) 110000010 (iv) 1100001100

Decimal number system is also known ass

(b)
() Base-10 system (i) Base-2 system

(ii) Base-8 system (iv) Base-16 system

We can convert decimal number into binary number by

(c)
() Repeated multiplication method (ii) Repeated addition method
(ii) Repeated subtraction method (v) Repeated division method

(d) What is the binany number of decimal number 89,,?

) 1011001 (i) 101100o

(ii) 1011101 (iv) 1111001

(e) What is the decimal number of binary number 101100,7

() 44 (i) 55
(ii) 66 (iv) 33

() What is the binary number of decimal number 980,,?

() 111101010 (i) 1111010100
(ii) 1111010101 (iv) 1011010100

() What is the decimal number of binary number 1011100,7

(i) 90 (i) 91

(i) 92 (iv) 94

6. Activity
Prepare a chart on Types of Number Systems

7. Machine Room Exercise

Prepare a PowerPoint presentation on conversion from Binary to Decimal number sveto

Binary number system.

and from Decimal to

8. Group Discussion
value o a ogk s one less than the va
n a l l the number systems. the maximum of
the base' Discuss

12 ..