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Building Construction I-Lecture 5A (Shallow Foundation)

This document discusses shallow foundations. It states that the function of any foundation is to safely transmit structural loads to the ground without causing settlement or movement. It explains that subsoil beneath foundations is compressed by loads and provides upward pressure in response. If loads exceed the soil's bearing capacity, downward movement could occur. The document then discusses foundation design principles, including assessing site conditions, calculating loads, choosing a foundation type based on soil/structure/loads, and sizing the foundation. It describes shallow foundations as being within 2 meters of the ground, and deep foundations as requiring piles if below 5 meters. Common shallow foundation types include individual/isolated footings, stepped footings, combined footings, strap footings, cantilever

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sujan shrestha
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159 views

Building Construction I-Lecture 5A (Shallow Foundation)

This document discusses shallow foundations. It states that the function of any foundation is to safely transmit structural loads to the ground without causing settlement or movement. It explains that subsoil beneath foundations is compressed by loads and provides upward pressure in response. If loads exceed the soil's bearing capacity, downward movement could occur. The document then discusses foundation design principles, including assessing site conditions, calculating loads, choosing a foundation type based on soil/structure/loads, and sizing the foundation. It describes shallow foundations as being within 2 meters of the ground, and deep foundations as requiring piles if below 5 meters. Common shallow foundation types include individual/isolated footings, stepped footings, combined footings, strap footings, cantilever

Uploaded by

sujan shrestha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Building

Construction I

LECT. AR. PRADIP POKHAREL

LECTURE: 5A SHALLOW FOUNDATION


The function of any foundation is to safely sustain
and transmit to the ground on which it rests the
combined dead, imposed and wind loads in such a
manner as not to cause any settlement or other
movement which would impair the stability or
cause damage to any part of the building.
Subsoil beneath foundation is compressed and
reacts by exerting an upward pressure to resist
foundation loading. If foundation load exceeds
maximum passive pressure of ground (i.e. bearing
capacity)a downward movement of the foundation
could occur. Remedy is to increase plan size of
foundation to reduce the load per unit area or
alternatively reduce the loadings being carried by the
foundations.

What is the Importance of Foundation?


What is subsoil Movement?
What are the things to be considered before
constructing foundation?
What are the defects in Foundation?
Foundation Design Principles
the main objectives of foundation design are to
ensure that the structural loads are transmitted to
the subsoil(s) safely, economically and without any
unacceptable movement during the construction
period and throughout the anticipated life of the
building or structure. Basic Design Procedure, this can
be considered as a series of steps or stages
1. Assessment of site conditions in the context of the
site and soil investigation report.
2. Calculation of anticipated structural loading(s).
3. Choosing the foundation type taking into
consideration
a. Soil conditions;
b. Type of structure;
c. Structural loading(s);
d. Economic factors;
e. Time factors relative to the proposed contract
period;
f. Construction problems.
4. Sizing the chosen foundation in the context of
loading(s),ground bearing capacity and any likely
future movements of the building or structure.
Foundation Types
Apart from simple domestic foundations most
foundation types are constructed in reinforced
concrete and may be considered as being shallow
or deep.

Most shallow types of foundation are constructed


within 2„000 of the ground level but in
some circumstances it may be necessary to take
the whole or part of the foundations down to a
depth of 2„000 to 5„000 as in the case of a deep
basement where the structural elements of the
basement are to carry the superstructure loads.

Generally foundations which need to be taken


below 5„000 deep are cheaper when designed and
constructed as piled foundations and such
foundations are classified as deep foundations.

Types of Foundation
1. Shallow Foundation
2. Deep Foundation
Individual Footing or Isolated Footing
Individual footing or an isolated footing is the most
common type of foundation used for building
construction. This foundation is constructed for a
single column and called a pad found foundation

The shape of individual footing is square or


rectangle and is used when loads from the
structure is carried by the column. Size is calculated
based on the load on the column and the safe
bearing capacity of soil.

Rectangular isolated footing is selected when the


foundation experiences moments due to
eccentricity of loads or due to horizontal forces
Stepped footings are strip footings that change
levels in stages to accommodate a sloping grade
and maintain the required depth at all points
around a building.
A combined footing is a reinforced concrete
footing for a perimeter foundation wall or
column extended to support an interior column
load.
These footings are used when a foundation abuts
a property line, and it is not possible to construct
a symmetrically loaded footing
A strap footing comprises of two or more footings of
individual columns, connected by a beam, called a
strap.
The function of the strap beam is to transfer the
load of heavily loaded outer column to the inner
one.
If the distance between the column at periphery
and the adjoining column is large, the combined
trapezoidal footing will be quite narrow, with high
bending moments. In that case, strap footing may
be provided.
A cantilever or strap footing consists of a column
footing connected by a tie beam to another footing
in order to balance an asymmetrically imposed
load. These can be used where it is necessary to
avoid imposing any pressure on an adjacent
foundation or underground services
A continuous footing is a reinforced concrete footing
extended to support a row of columns.

A grade beam is a reinforced concrete beam


supporting a bearing wall at or near ground level
and transferring the load to isolated footings, piers,
or piles.

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