KET 1: UNIT 1 NOTES

Table of contents

Lesson 1.1: The alphabet spelling and numbers ................................................................................................ 2

The English alphabet ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Numbers ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Telephone numbers and ID numbers in English ............................................................................................. 2
Addresses in English...................................................................................................................................... 3
Email addresses and webpages .................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 1.2: Greetings and salutations ............................................................................................................... 4
Meeting someone for the first time ................................................................................................................. 4
Useful phrases for starting a conversation ..................................................................................................... 4
Useful phrases for keeping a conversation going ........................................................................................... 4
Useful phrases for finishing a conversation .................................................................................................... 4
Signing up for a course. Listen to and read the conversation. ........................................................................ 5
Lesson 1.3: The verb 'to be' in the simple present tense.................................................................................... 6
Part 1: Simple present (affirmative sentences) Verb ‘to be’ ............................................................................ 6
Part 2: Simple present (negative sentences) Verb ‘to be’ ............................................................................... 7
Part 3: Simple present questions: Verb ‘to be’ ................................................................................................ 8
Lesson 1.4: Classroom vocabulary .................................................................................................................... 9
The infinitive form of the verb ......................................................................................................................... 9
The imperative form of the verb ..................................................................................................................... 9
Lesson 1.1: The alphabet spelling and numbers
The English alphabet
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet: 5 vowels and 21 consonants.
Hay 26 letras en el alfabeto en inglés: 5 vocales y 21 consonantes.

The five vowels: a e i o u

The five vowels are the same in English and Spanish: a e i o u
Of the five, only the vowel 'o' is pronounced the same in Spanish and English.
Los cinco vocales son los mismos de español: a e i o u, pero la a e i y u se pronuncia diferente entre los dos
idiomas.

The 21 consonants
The 21 consonants are: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z

The consonants in English:

The pronunciation of the consonants is different between English and Spanish. You will need to learn how to
pronounce the consonants in English.
Los 21 consonantes tienen pronunciación diferente en inglés y en español. Tienes que aprender a pronunciar
el alfabeto en inglés.

The English alphabet

Watch this video to revise the pronunciation of the English alphabet.
https://youtu.be/I4KxnYi1C1Q

Why you need to learn to pronounce the English alphabet

In English Speaking exams, you will be asked to spell your name, the town or city you are from, and you may
be asked to spell other words. In English Listening exams, you will listen to people spell words and you will
have to choose or write the correct word.
¿Por qué necesitas aprender a pronunciar bien el alfabeto en inglés? En los examenes de Speaking, siempre
tendrás que deletrear tu nombre y apellido y el lugar de dónde vienes. En los examenes de Listening,
escucharás gente deletreando palabras, y tendrás que escoger o escribir las palabras que deletrearon.

Numbers
Watch this video: https://youtu.be/V1u_il1Tyus

Telephone numbers and ID numbers in English

In English, when we are giving phone numbers or ID numbers, we call out each number individually. Thus, a
phone number like 01345 798 329 would be read out as: zero one three four five seven nine eight three two
nine.
En inglés, se usan solamente los números de 0 a 9 para decir números telefónicos. Por ejemplo, dirías ‘zero
one three four five seven nine eight three two nine’ con el teléfono 01345 798 329.
0 In a phone number or ID number, you can say ‘zero’ or you can say ‘oh’ instead of ‘zero.’
Se puede decir ‘cero’ o ‘oh.’
77 When we have two of the same number together, we can say the number twice (e.g. seven seven) or we can
say ‘double seven’. Or double three, or double six – whatever the repeated number is.
Example: James Bond is Agent 007 (Agent double-oh seven)
 Cuando se repite un número, normalmente decimos ‘double (número)’: por ejemplo, James Bond es el agente
‘double oh seven’ en inglés.
333 When we have three of the same number, we say ‘triple (number).’ Thus, ‘333’ becomes ‘triple three’, and
‘888’ would be ‘triple eight.’
Decimos ‘triple (número)’ cuando el mismo número se repite tres veces.

Addresses in English
We generally say the entire number for street address.
For example, ’19 Smith Street’ is pronounced ‘nineteen Smith Street.’
For example, if the street address is ‘497 Jones Street,’ we can say ‘four hundred and ninety-seven Jones
Street.’

Email addresses and webpages

@ at
. dot
_ underscore
- dash
www www

Watch the video: https://youtu.be/Eo0Q-bOPOpw

Lesson 1.2: Greetings and salutations
Meeting someone for the first time
Ve, lee y escucha la conversación abajo. Dos personas se están conociendo por la primera vez, talvez
en una fiesta, talvez en otro evento informal.
https://youtu.be/_TEF7wXepLw
A: Hi, my name is Patrick. What’s your name?
B: My name is Carol. Nice to meet you, Patrick. Where are you from?
A: Nice to meet you, too, Carol. I’m from Corsica.
B: Where is Corsica? Is it in Europe?
A: Yes, it is. It’s part of France. How about you, Carol? Where are you from?
B: I’m from Lethbridge, in Canada. I’m a university student. What about you, Patrick? Are you a student?
A: No, I’m a doctor. I’m sorry, but I have to go now – I have to go back to my clinic. It was nice meeting you,
Carol.
B: Ok. Nice meeting you, too, Patrick. See you later.
A: Bye.

Useful phrases for starting a conversation

Hi, my name is ___. What’s your name?
Nice to meet you. / Nice to meet you, too.
Cuando nos presentamos, en una fiesta o una ocasión informal, solíamos decir ‘Hi’ o ‘Hello’, ofrecer nuestros
nombres, y preguntar cómo se llama la otra persona.
‘Nice to meet you’ es el equivalente de ‘Mucho gusto’ en español. Se usa ‘Nice to meet you, too’ para
contestar. Esta frase significa ‘El gusto es mio’.

Useful phrases for keeping a conversation going

How about you?
What about you?
And you?
Éstas frases funcionan como ‘¿Y tú?’ en español – devuelven la pregunta a la persona que preguntó.

Useful phrases for finishing a conversation

I’m sorry, but I have to go now. I have to …
It was nice meeting you. See you later. / Nice meeting you, too, Carol. Bye.
Para terminar una conversación, nos disculpamos y explicamos que tenemos que ir, y damos una razón para
tener que hacerlo. Después de eso, las dos personas se despiden.
Signing up for a course. Listen to and read the conversation.
Lee y escucha la conversación abajo. Una persona ha ido a un colegio para inscribirse y empezar un
curso. Es una situación más formal, pero impersonal, y la recepcionista tiene que recoger muchos
datos para la inscripción.

Claire: Good morning. My name is Claire. I’m here for the English class.
Receptionist: Good morning, Claire. How do you spell your name?
Claire: It’s C-L-A-I-R-E.
Receptionist: Thank you. What is your middle name?
Claire: It’s Rose.
Receptionist: And what is your last name?
Claire: It’s Bridges.
Receptionist: How do you spell that?
Claire: It’s B-R-I-D-G-E-S.
Receptionist: Thank you. What is your email address?
Claire: It’s [email protected]
Receptionist: Thank you. What is your address?
Claire: My address is 12 Milton Road, Smithville.
Receptionist: And your phone number?
Claire: My mobile phone number is 954 321 7798.
Receptionist: Could you repeat that, please?
Claire: Sure. It’s 954 321 7798.
Receptionist: Thank you. Here is your ID card. Please go to Room 12.
Claire: Thank you. Goodbye.
Receptionist: Goodbye.
Lesson 1.3: The verb 'to be' in the simple present tense
In this lesson, we are going to look at the form of the verb 'to be' in English. The verb 'to be' is equivalent to the
verbs 'ser' and 'estar' in Spanish.
Watch the videos explaining the grammar rules of the verb 'to be' in the simple present tense.

Simple present affirmative (be):

https://youtu.be/GNbRhqYqaw8

Simple present negative (be):

https://youtu.be/ye27rIQI1QY

Simple present questions (be):

https://youtu.be/bOeix_gE3jQ

Part 1: Simple present (affirmative sentences) Verb ‘to be’

Reglas de gramática: oraciones afirmativas
Subject Verb ‘to be’ … Contracciones (equivalencia en
español)
Se puede usar Despues del sujeto, Una oración en el presente simple puede
nombres o se usa el verbo ‘be.’ terminar con el verbo, o puede incluir un
pronombres. ‘Be’ en inglés es complemento. Éste puede ser adjetivo
Oraciones en el equivalente a ‘ser’ o (palabra descriptiva o para hablar de
presente simple ‘estar’ en español. emociones), o da otra información. No se
siempre empieza Tiene tres formas: puede usar otro verbo aquí en el
con el sujeto. am, is, o are. presente simple.
a teacher. I’m a teacher. (Soy…)
from Chalcatongo. I’m from Chalcatongo.
I am tall. I’m tall.
in class. I’m in class. (Estoy …)
You’re a student. (Tú eres / Usted
a student / students.
You from Oaxaca City.
es)
You’re students. (Ustedes son …)
We are sad. We’re from Oaxaca City.
in my house. (Nosostros somos …)
They They’re in my house. (Ellos / Ellas
están…)
He’s at home. (Él está …)
He at home. She’s my best friend. (Ella es …)

She is my best friend. It’s old. ((esa cosa) Es …)

old.
It
Part 2: Simple present (negative sentences) Verb ‘to be’
Reglas de gramática: oraciones negativas
Subject Verb ‘to be’ … Contracciones (equivalencia en español)
not
from Paris. I’m not from Paris. (No soy …)

I am not tall. I’m not tall.

in class. I’m not in class. (No estoy …)
a student / students. You’re not a student. (Tú eres / Usted es)
You from Oaxaca City. You aren’t students. (Ustedes son …)

We are not sad. We’re not from Oaxaca City. (Nosostros somos
…)
in my house.
They They aren’t in my house. (Ellos / Ellas están…)

He’s not at home. (Él no está …)

He at home. She’s not my best friend. (Ella no es …)

She is not my best friend. It isn’t in my house. ((La cosa) no está …)

in my house.
It
Part 3: Simple present questions: Verb ‘to be’
Reglas de gramática: preguntas que contestamos con ‘Yes / No’ (una respuesta corta)
VERB 'TO
SUBJECT …?
BE'
Am I happy?
Are you angry?
Is he sad?
Is she tall?
Is it big?
Are we here?
Are you there?
Are they at home?

Reglas de gramática: preguntas que contestamos con una respuesta larga

Question
Verb 'to be' Subject …?
word
Where am I ?
Why are you angry?
How often is he sad?
How tall is she ?
When is the party ?
How are we today?
How often are you at home?
Who are they ?
Lesson 1.4: Classroom vocabulary
The infinitive form of the verb
The infinitive form of the verb is the basic form of the verb (note that we often refer to the ‘base form of the
verb’ as the infinitive without ‘to’). It has two parts to it: to + (base form). The equivalent to the infinitive form of
the verb in Spanish is the verb with the ‘ar’, ‘er’, or ‘ir’ ending.
El verbo en infinitivo es el verbo sin conjugar, sin usar, en su forma ‘fuera de tiempo’. Tiene dos partes en
inglés: to + la forma básica. (En español, el verbo en infinitivo termina con ‘ar’, ‘er’, o ‘ir’.) Por ejemplo:
English Spanish
To listen escuchar
To read leer
To write escribir
https://youtu.be/ucFh3iCWODM

The imperative form of the verb

The simplest way to use a verb is to give instructions. This form has two parts: verb + … for affirmative
instructions and Don’t verb + … for negative instructions or prohibitions.
La forma más básica de usar un verbo en inglés es dando instrucciones. Usamos esa forma para explicar qué
tienes que hacer o cómo tienes que hacer una actividad en clase, por ejemplo. Las oraciones afirmativas
tienen el verbo (quitamos el ‘to’ para usarlo) más el resto de la oración. Por ejemplo: Sit down. (Siéntate.)
Las oraciones negativas empiezan con Don’t, seguido por el verbo y el resto de la oración. Por ejemplo: Don’t
talk. (No hablen.) Ve los dos videos para una explicación de esa forma del verbo.
https://youtu.be/xBkd8lYaIeY
https://youtu.be/2sGBnO4iuYI