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1001NSC - Human Biology Workshop 3: POD 1. Clinical Case Studies

William, a 52-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with central chest pain, pale skin, sweating, and labored breathing. Tests showed his blood pressure was elevated, his cholesterol and lipid levels were abnormally high, and his electrocardiogram showed signs of cardiac ischemia. Based on all clinical findings, the diagnosis is that William is experiencing a heart attack due to blocked coronary arteries, as indicated by his symptoms and test results being outside of normal ranges.

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39 views3 pages

1001NSC - Human Biology Workshop 3: POD 1. Clinical Case Studies

William, a 52-year-old male, presented to the emergency department with central chest pain, pale skin, sweating, and labored breathing. Tests showed his blood pressure was elevated, his cholesterol and lipid levels were abnormally high, and his electrocardiogram showed signs of cardiac ischemia. Based on all clinical findings, the diagnosis is that William is experiencing a heart attack due to blocked coronary arteries, as indicated by his symptoms and test results being outside of normal ranges.

Uploaded by

Robert
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1001NSC – Human Biology Workshop 3

POD 1. Clinical Case Studies


Q1. A 52-year-old male (William H.) complaining of central chest pain is rushed
to the Emergency Department of a metropolitan hospital. He appears pale,
sweating and anxious with laboured breathing. Explain to your group how the
following tests and procedures may be helpful in evaluating William’s health
status:

1. Blood pressure measurement –

William’s Blood Pressure (B/P) = 175/105; Does this reading fall within the normal range for
healthy, human adults?

Note: Recorded: Example mmHg

2. Determination of blood lipid and cholesterol levels –

3. Electrocardiogram –

4. Chest X-ray –

5. Patient Interview – Past medical history and family medical history –

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Q2. William’s results have arrived back from the Biochemistry Department and you note the
following:

Blood Lipid Levels:

• Total Cholesterol (fasting) = 10.1 mmol/L (Normal range: < 5.5 mmol/L)
• LDLs (Low Density Lipoproteins) = 6.5 mmol/L [Normal range: 0.9-2.0 mmol/L (males); 1.0-2.2
mmol/L (females)]
• Triglycerides = 3.2 mmol/L (Normal range: < 2.0 mmol/L)
• HDLs (High Density Lipoproteins) = 0.6 mmol/L (Normal range: 0.9-2.0 mmol/L)

a. Which readings are abnormal?

b. Colloquially, LDL’s are the ‘Bad’ cholesterol while HDL’s are the ‘Good’ cholesterol as it
removes other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Healthy ratios of LDL/HDL have low
levels of LDL and high levels of HDL.

An LDL/HDL ratio of greater than 3.7:1 indicates an increase in the risk of heart disease and
atherosclerosis (read Atherosclerosis: Get out the cardiovascular Drāno on page 726-727 of the
textbook). William’s ratio is 10.83:1. Is William at risk of heart disease?

c. William’s electrocardiogram is as follows:

Draw a typical PQRST wave pattern below and label each section. Then compare the normal
pattern with that of William’s. Do you think William’s ECG pattern is normal?

2
Normal ECG

Angina Pectoris (Cardiac Ischemia)

Atrial Fibrillation

Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular Trigeminy

d. With all of the clinical findings you have now gathered, what is your diagnosis of William’s
condition?

Using the diagram on the right, indicated what you think may have happened.

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