DIA 23/04/2021

QUANTIFIERS:

Os quantifiers são amplamente utilizados na língua inglesa para falar

de quantidades gerais. Vem antes do substantivo (contáveis ou incontáveis).

Alguns quantifiers só acompanham substantivos contáveis; outros só acompanham

substantivos incontáveis. E demais, os dois tipos.

OBS:
1. Substantivos incontáveis: não se conta, não se divide. Vem sempre no singular
(não tem plural): oil (óleo), sugar (açúcar), bread (pão), meat (carne), etc.
Pode-se contá-los colocando-os em recipientes ou medidas. Ex: two slices of
Bread, two kilos of meat, three bottles of water.

2. Substantivos contáveis: escreve-se no singular ou plural.

Ex: The book has arrived today. (O livro chegou hoje.)
The books have arrived today. (Os livros chegaram hoje.)

https://www.myenglishpages.com/english/grammar-exercise-countable-uncountable-
nouns.php

1. The children are playing in the garden. C

2. I don't like milk. U
3. I prefer tea. Uncountable
4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution. C
5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. U
6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom. C
7. We need some glue to fix this vase. U
8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional. C
9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning. C
10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious. U
11. Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery. C
12. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents. C
13. I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic. C
14. I'd like some juice please! U
15. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year. C
16. A rise in oil prices is inevitable since there is more and more world demand for
energy. U
17. The exercises on this website are interesting. C
 18. Dehydrated babies must drink a lot of water. U
19. Adult illiterates learn through a special government program. C
20. I met some nice people when I was walking along the beach. C

Quantifiers de grandes quantidades:

 Many, much, a lot of/lots of – loads/loads of (MUITO/MUITOS – MUITAS)
Substantivos Contáveis: Many (many person/people, many bottles, many men, etc)
Substantivos Incontáveis: Much (much love, much money, much water, much oil)
Ambos: a lot of (muito)/ lots of (muitos)

OBS: Frases afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas usam-se many, a lot of/lots of.
Frases negativas e interrogativas, o much.

Quantifiers de pequenas quantidades:

 Little/a little, few/a few, a bit of (pouco ou poucos)
Substantivos Contáveis: few (plural)/a few (singular)
Substantivos Incontáveis: little (plural)/a little (singular)

OBS: são usados principalmente na afirmativa.

Quantifiers de quantidades diferentes:

 Some (alguns)/any (alguns) / several (muitos) / none (nada)
Na frase Afirmativa, usa-se o some
Nas frases Negativas (NOT) e interrogativas (?) usa-se o any.

OBS: são usados ambos para contáveis e incontáveis.

Exercícios resolvidos
Questão 1 - (Marinha 2019) Read the extract from the text:
“When the light turns green and there are no other cars in the intersection, (…)”

a) there are some other cars

b) there aren’t any other cars
c) there is another car
d) there are a few other cars
e) there aren’t many cars

Resolução
Alternativa B, porque any é um quantifier usado em frases negativas com
substantivos contáveis plurais e incontáveis. Cars é um substantivo contável plural.

Questão 2 - (EPCAR 2019) Mark the option that replaces the underlined words,
respectively, keeping the same meaning.
“[...] many people often confuse child slavery with child labour [...]” (lines 48 and 49)
a) a lot
b) very
c) much
d) a lot of

Resolução
Alternativa D, porque many e a lot of são quantifiers utilizados com substantivos
contáveis no plural ou incontáveis. People é um substantivo plural contável.

Questão 3 - (EEAR 2019) Read the text to answer question.

Paul: Mary, the party is tomorrow! Do we have everything we need?
Mary: We have _____ juice, but we should buy more. Paul: Do we need to buy
bread? Mary: Well, we have _____, I don’t know if it’s enough. Paul: So let’s talk to
Jen and ask for ____ advice.
Choose the alternative that best completes the text:
a) a lot of / some / some
b) many / some / an
c) many / a / some
d) a lot / a / an

Resolução
Alternativa A, porque juice, bread e advice são substantivos incontáveis, logo, não
poderiam ser acompanhados por many, a ou an.

Exercícios: http://www.carmenlu.com/first/grammar/countable1_1.htm
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3246

VOCABULARY: COSTUMES AND UNIFORMS

COSTUMES: fantasia.
UNIFORMS: veste para trabalhar.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T42MDyya5ok

DIA 26/04/2021

SO e SUCH

Significa: ‘tão‘
  Ele é tão gordo.
 Ela é uma garota tão bonita.

Na primeira – ele é tão gordo – há apenas a frase com o adjetivo. Em inglês:

 He is so fat.

Outros exemplos:
 This is so weird. [Isto é tão estranho.]
 I am so tired. [Eu estou tão cansado.]
 It was so hot yesterday. [Estava tão quente ontem.]

De certa forma, você pode trocar a palavra ‘so‘ por ‘very‘ [muito] nestas sentenças.

so + adjetivo

A segunda sentença dada – ela é uma garota tão bonita – tem um substantivo [uma
garota] no meio. Neste caso, temos de usar ‘such‘:
 She is such a beautiful girl.

Lembre-se que em inglês o adjetivo vem sempre antes do substantivo.

such + a/an + adjetivo + substantivo.

Um/uma (a, an*)
a escreve quando a palavra depois dele começar com consoante.
an escreve quando a palavra depois dele começar com uma vogal

Ex: a BIRD, a fire, a boy, a girl.

An apple, an elephant, an igloo, an opera, an university.

Veja outros exemplos:

 Johnny is such an intelligent boy. [Johnny é um menino tão inteligente.]
 Carol is such a naive girl. [A Carol é uma menina tão ingênua.]

Veja as duas juntas agora:

 Johnny is so intelligent.
 Johnny is such an intelligent boy.

RESUMINDO:
So é sempre seguido por um adjetivo.
Já such existe porque tem um substantivo.

Para encerrar veja os exemplos abaixo:

  He is such a coward. [Ele é tão covarde.][coward em inglês é um
substantivo]
 Martha is such a beauty. [Martha é tão bonita.]
 Mark is such a guy. [Mark e um cara e tanto.]

Nestes 3 últimos exemplos, nós temos such + a/an + substantivo. Use such

a ou such an sempre que a palavra a seguir for um substantivo.

Em resumo:
 so + adjetivo [so beautiful, so intelligent, so hot, so cold, so hungry, etc]
 such + a/an + adjetivo + substantivo [such a beautiful girl, such an intelligent
boy, such a interesting book]
 such + a/an + substantivo [such a coward, such an idiot, such a beauty, etc]

So … that, Such … that

We use so ... that, such ... that:

a) mostrar um fato (geralmente com uma conseqüência)

 Pamela Ander's feet are big. (Expressa um fato).

 Pamela Ander's feet are so big that she can't find shoes her size. (ênfase que
você dá sobre o tamanho do pé dela)

b) mostra um forte sentimento ou opinião sobre algo/alguma coisa

 George Bushoff is an idiot. (uma opinião/fato).
 George Bushoff is such an idiot that he doesn't even know the capital of his
own country. (ênfase no que você sente sobre George).

So = adjetivo depois dele.

Such= substantivo depois dele.

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/so-and-such-exercise-1.html

EXERCISES:

so

1) They were  happy that they started dancing.

so

2) He speaks Chinese  well!

such

3) Julie is  a good writer.

so

4) She swims  quickly!

 so

5) It was  late we missed the last train.

such

6) They have  a big house that I got lost!

such

7) She has  a sweet puppy.

such

8) That was  an interesting book.

so

9) The weather was  hot I stayed inside.

such

10) He's  a teenager!

BE/GET USED TO vs USED TO

VERBO TO BE + USED TO + VERBO COM ING

Estar acostumado a fazer algo

Ex: I am used to cooking.

I was used to cooking.

GET + USED TO + VERBO COM ING

Se acostumar a fazer algo

Ex: I will get used to playing tennis.

I got used to sleeping late.

USED TO + VERBO

Falar algo passado que hoje não acontece mais

Ex.: She used to wake up early every day.

REGRAS:

1. Usa-se o used to para falar de algo que era verdade no passado, mas não é
mais.
Ex.: He used to play with things to see how they work.
2. Usa-se o be used to doing para falar de algo que é familiar.
Ex.: They are used to lions attacking their village.

3. Usa-se o get used to para falar sobre algo que está se tornando familiar.
Ex.: The lions got used to seeing the birds.

EXERCISE

1. They are used to reading the newspaper. [read]

2. They used to read the newspaper. [read]

3. She used to swim 3 hours a day. [swim]

4. She is used to swimming 3 hours a day. [swim]

5. My father used to drive a taxi. [drive]

https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/used-to-be-used-to-
get-used-to

Choose the correct word.

be

1. He used to      fat but now he's thin.

w orking

2. He isn't used to      in these bad conditions.

w orking

3. How did you get used to      in the middle of this mess?
used to

4. Did you      write poems when you were young?

living

5. I need some time to get used to      in this town.

be

6. Sting used to      a teacher before he became a famous singer.

w ashing

7. I'm not used to      linen by hand.

living

8. She'll get used to       in the extremely cold winter of Siberia.
used to

9. My mother didn't      drink much coffee. But now she has become
addicted to it.
being

10. They are used to      a lot of trees in this court yard. They have all been cut
down.
 DIA 27/04/2021
1. USED TO + VERBO = Hábitos que foram descontinuados. Fazia antes e agora
não faz mais.
Ex.: When I was in Cambridge, I used to go to the pub every Friday.

2. BE USED TO + VERBO COM ING = hábitos que está acostumado a fazer.

Ex.: She is used to swimming 3 hours a day.

3. GET USED TO + VERBO COM ING = hábitos que você se acostumou a fazer.
Ex.: I got used to sleeping late.

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-
80920.php

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-
112516.php

https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/usually-used-to-be-used-to-get-used-to/2/

1. (ITA) She _________ up late in the morning.

a) was used to get
b) used to getting
c) is used to getting
d) is used to get
e) used to got

resp: C

ADVERBS / ADVERBIAL PHRASES

Modificam o verbo, o adjetivo ou outro advérbio. De acordo com o sentido que

oferecem na frase eles são classificados em: advérbios de tempo, modo, lugar,
afirmação, negação, ordem, dúvida, intensidade, freqüência e interrogativos.

Adverbs of Time
Uso: descreve quando alguma ação aconteceu

Example words: Already, ago, before, yet, never, soon, yesterday, lately

Example sentences:

 I have heard this story before (antes).

  I have not seen him since last summer. (desde)

 He hasn’t spoken to her yet (significa ainda. Só usa em frase negative).

 He’ll be here soon. (em breve)

 Lisa hasn’t been feeling so well lately. (ultimamente)

 We’ve never been to Rio de Janeiro. (nunca)

 We left the house over an hour ago. (atrás)

 
Adverbs of Frequency
Uso: Descreve a freqüência de algo.

Example words: Always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, once,

seldom, rarely, never

Example sentences:

 It’s always hot in this room. (sempre)

 I usually just have a banana for breakfast. (geralmente)

 I normally go to the gym in the morning. (normalmente)

 We often go out for dinner. (frequentemente)

 Sometimes it’s best not to say a single word. (as vezes)

 I occasionally eat pizza. (ocasionalmente)

 I seldom read autobiographies. (muitas vezes)

 He hardly ever drinks alcohol. (dificilmente)

 I never go to the cinema on a Monday. (nunca)

Adverbs of Place
Uso: Diz onde alguma coisa aconteceu/acontece.

Example words: Here, everywhere, near, nearby, down, away, backwards, upwards

Example sentences:

 There was an accident nearby. (próximo)

 Is that your hat there? (ali)

 I’ve lived here for about two months. (aqui)

  The sun’s going down and it’ll be dark soon. (descendo)

 Ms Brown is away on vacation until the end of the week. (fora)

 I walked backwards towards the wall. (para trás)

 He turned his face upwards to the sun (pra cima)

 
Adverbs of Manner
Uso: Mostra o modo de como algo é/acontece.

Example words: So, slowly, badly, beautifully, delightfully, loudly, anxiously

Example sentences:

 The soldiers fought bravely.

 Is that so?

 Could you please speak more slowly?

 She dresses beautifully.

 He has a delightfully dry sense of humour.

 We waited anxiously by the office.

 I thought he was treated very badly.

DICA: perguntar “de que forma?”

 
Adverbs of Degree
Uso: Shows how much, or in what degree or to what extent of qualities, properties,
states, conditions and relations.

Example words: Almost, fully, rather, quite, too, enough, perfectly

Example sentences:

 He is fully prepared.

 She is rather busy.

 I'm almost 30.

 The two situations are quite different.

 It’s too hard to explain.

 Have you had enough (to eat)?

  They’re perfectly suited.

 
Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation (CERTAINTY)
Uso: Answers that something is true or some equivalent negative statement.

Example words: Certainly, surely, apparently, obviously, no, undoubtedly 

Example sentences:

 Surely you are mistaken.

 She is undoubtedly the best goalkeeper in the team.

 The design certainly looks good on paper.

 Apparently, it’s going to snow today.

 She was in tears and obviously very upset.

 It is undoubtedly one of the best songs of the year.

 EXERCÍCIOS
1. Marque T para TEMPO, M para MODO, P para LUGAR, C para CERTEZA
 T
C
C
P
M
P
C
T

Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).

1. Tom is (slow)  . He works  .

2. Sue is a (careful)   girl. She climbed up the ladder  .

3. The dog is (angry)  . It barks  .

4. He acted (excellent)  . He's an   actor.

5. They learn English (easy)  . They think English is an   

language.

(https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/adjectives-adverbs/exercises)

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz2/quizzes-to-
fix/adverbs_quiz.html