Lecture by: Dr.

Rose Farahiyan Munawar

 Being able to connect speed, distance, velocity, displacement and
acceleration.
 Problems that connect speed, distance, velocity, displacement
and acceleration are all about understanding movement.
 Displacement occurs when something moves from here to there.
 Like any other measurement in physics, displacement is always
expressed in units, usually centimeters or meters, as in this
example.
 Or also can use kilometers, inches, feet, miles, or even light years
(the distance light travels in one year —5,865,696,000,000 miles).
 Question:
 You’ve taken the pioneers’ advice to “Go West.” You started in New
York City and went west 10 miles the first day, 14 miles the next
day, and then back east 9 miles on the third day. What is your
displacement from New York City after three days?

 Answer:
 s = 15 miles west of New York City
1. You first went west 10 miles, so at the end of the first day, your
displacement was 10 miles west.
2. Next, you went west 14 days, putting your displacement at 10 + 14 miles
= 24 miles west of New York City.
3. Finally, you traveled 9 miles east, leaving you at 24 – 9 = 15 miles west of
New York City. So s = 15 miles west of New York City.
1. Suppose that the ball B now moves 1 meter to the right. What is
its new displacement from the origin, 0?
2. Suppose that the ball, which started 4 meters to the right of the
origin, moves 6 meters to the left. What is its new displacement
from the origin in inches?
1. s = 4 meters
2. s = -78.6 inches
 Speed is distance divided by time.
 For example, if you went a distance d in a time t, then your speed,
s, is determined as follows:
 The positions of the words in the triangle show where they need
to go in the equations.
 To find the speed, distance is over time in the triangle, so speed is
distance divided by time.
 To find distance, speed is beside time, so distance is speed
multiplied by time.
 Question:
 Suppose that you want to drive from New York City to Los Angeles to
visit your uncle’s family, a distance of about 2781 miles. The trip takes
you four days. What was your speed in miles per hour?
 Answer
1. Start by figuring out your speed (the distance traveled divided by the
time taken to travel that distance):

2. Cancel “days” out of this equation and put in “hours.” Because 24

hours are in a day, you can multiply as follows
3. Suppose that you used your new SpeedPass to get you
through the tollbooths at both ends of your trip, which was 90
miles on the turnpike and took you 1 hour and 15 minutes. On
your return home, you’re surprised to find a traffic ticket for
speeding in the mail. How fast did you go, on average,
between the tollbooths? Was the turnpike authority justified in
sending you a ticket, given that the speed limit was 65 mph?
4. Suppose that you and a friend are determined to find out whose
car is faster. You both start your trips in Chicago. Driving
nonstop, you reach Los Angeles — a distance of 2018 miles —
in 1.29 days, and your friend, also driving nonstop, reaches
Miami — a distance of 1380 miles — in 0.89 days. Whose car
was faster?
3. v = 72 miles an hour. The ticket was justified
4. Your speed= 1564 miles per day; your friend’s speed = 1550
miles per day. You’re faster.
 Average Speed Formula:
 The Average Speed of an object is a measure of the distance covered
by that object in a set period of time.
 It is the distance covered, divided by time.
 Average speed has a magnitude, and is a scalar quantity
 Given Multiple Distances in Different Amounts of Time:
 Velocity is a measure of how quickly an object moves.
 So, the velocity is the change in the position of an object, divided
by the time.
 Velocity has a magnitude (a value) and a direction. The unit for
velocity is meters per second (m/s).
 Calculate the average velocity at a particular time interval of a
particle if it is moves 5 m at 2 s and 15 m at 4s along x-axis.
 In physics terms, acceleration is the amount by which your speed
changes in a given amount of time

 Given initial and final velocities, vo and vf, and initial and final
times over which your speed changed, to and tf
 To get the units of acceleration, divide speed by time as follows

 In other words, acceleration is the rate at which your speed

changes because rates have time in the denominator.
 The units: meters per second2, or centimeters per second2, or
miles per second2, or feet per second2, or even kilometers per
hour2.
 Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.
 Acceleration can result from a change in speed (increase or
decrease), a change in direction (back, forth, up, down left, right),
or changes in both.
 a change in speed, the magnitude of the velocity (from 34 km/h to 67
km/h)
 a change in direction (from East to North-East)
 a change in both speed and direction (from 34 km/h East to 12 km/h
West)
 Like velocity acceleration is a vector (has magnitude & direction).
 In other words, the sign of the acceleration tells you how the
speed is changing.
 A positive acceleration means that the speed is increasing in the
positive direction
 And a negative acceleration (also known as deceleration) tells
you that:
1. An object moving in the positive direction (positive velocity) is
slowing down.

or

2. An object moving in the negative direction (negative velocity) is

speeding up.
positive direction
slowing down.

 Question
 Suppose that you’re driving at 75 miles an hour and suddenly see red
flashing lights in the rearview mirror. “Great,” you think, and you pull
over, taking 20 seconds to come to a stop. You could calculate how
quickly you decelerated as you were pulled over (information about
your law-abiding tendencies that, no doubt, would impress the officer).
So just how fast did you decelerate, in cm/sec2?
 Answer
1. First convert to miles per second:

2. Convert from miles per second to inches per second:

3. Your speed was 1318 inches per second. What’s that in centimeters per second?

4. What was your acceleration? That calculation looks like this:

positive direction
slowing down.

 Question:
 You are walking down the street when you see an enormous, 112kg
pickle rolling towards you at 12 m/s. You are, of course, surprised by a
pickle of this size, let alone the fact that it is rolling down the street.
You jump in front of it and begin pushing on it until you finally bring it to
a stop 27.4s later. At this point you are arrested for interfering in the
“World’s Largest Pickle Rolling Championships”. Determine the
acceleration of the pickle.
positive direction
slowing down.
 Answer:
 negative direction
speeding up.
 Question:
 Once you have been arrested, the officials start rolling the pickle back
towards the starting line so that Haans van der Winkle, the current
champion from the Netherlands, can have a second try. After pushing
for 8.8s, they get the pickle rolling backwards (towards the starting
line) at 4.31m/s. Determine the acceleration of the pickle.
 Answer:
5. A rocket ship is going to land on the moon in exactly 2 hours.
There’s only one problem: It’s going 17,000 miles an hour.
What does its deceleration need to be, in miles per second2, in
order to land on the moon safely at 0 miles per hour?
6. You’re stopped at a red light when you see a monster SUV
careening toward you. In a lightning calculation, you determine
you have 0.8 seconds before it hits you and that you must be
going at least 1.0 miles an hour forward at that time to avoid the
SUV. What must your acceleration be, in miles per hour2? Can
you avoid the SUV?
7. A bullet comes to rest in a block of wood in 1.0 × 10–2 seconds,
with an acceleration of –8.0 × 104 meters per second2. What
was its original speed, in meters per second?
8. The light turns red, and you come to a screeching halt.
Checking your stopwatch, you see that you stopped in 4.5
seconds. Your deceleration was 1.23 × 10–3 miles per second2.
What was your original speed in miles per hour?
5. 6.6 x 10-4 miles per second2
6. 4.5 x 103 miles per hour2
7. Δv = a (Δt) = 800 meters per second
8. Δv = a (Δt) = 20 miles per hour
 The SUVAT equations are used when acceleration is constant
and velocity is changing, in a straight line.
 Question
 You climb into your drag racer, waving nonchalantly at the cheering
crowd. You look down the quarter-mile track, and suddenly the flag
goes down. You’re off, getting a tremendous kick from behind as the
car accelerates quickly. A brief 5.5 seconds later, you pass the end of
the course and pop the chute.
You know the distance you went: 0.25 miles, or about 402 meters. And
you know the time it took: 5.5 seconds. So just how hard was the kick
you got — the acceleration — when you blasted down the track?
1. You know that

2. You can rearrange this equation with a little algebra (just divide both sides by t2 and multiply by
2) to get

3. Plugging in the numbers, you get

4. Conclusion: What’s 26.6 meters/second2 in more understandable terms? The acceleration due
to gravity, g, is 9.8 meters/second2, so this is about 2.7 g. And that’s quite a kick.
 Question:
 A drag racer’s acceleration is 26.6 meters/second2, and at the end of
the race, its final speed is 146.3 meters per second. What is the total
distance the drag racer traveled?
1. To solve this problem, you need to relate speed, acceleration,
and distance, so you start with this equation:

2. In this scenario, vo is 0, which makes this equation simpler:

3. Solve for s:

4. Plug in the numbers:

9. The light turns green, and you accelerate at 10 meters per
second2. After 5 seconds, how far have you traveled?
10. A stone drops under the influence of gravity, 9.8 meters per
second2. How far does it drop in 12 seconds?
11. A car is going 60 miles per hour and accelerating at 10 miles per
hour2. How far does it go in 1 hour?
12. A motorcycle is going 60 miles per hour, and decelerating at 60
miles per hour2. How far does it go in 1 hour?
13. An eagle starts at a speed of 50 meters per second and,
decelerating at 10 meters per second2, comes to rest on a peak 5
seconds later. How far is the peak from the eagle’s original
position?
14. A trailer breaks loose from its truck on a steep incline. If the truck
was moving uphill at 20 meters per second when the trailer broke
loose, and the trailer accelerates down the hill at 10.0 meters per
second2, how far downhill does the trailer go after 10 seconds?
15. A block of wood is shooting down a track at 10 meters per second
and is slowing down because of friction. If it comes to rest in 20
seconds and 100 meters, what is its deceleration, in meters per
second2?
16. A minivan puts on the brakes and comes to a stop in 12 seconds. If
it took 200 meters to stop, and decelerates at 10 meters per
second2, how fast was it originally going, in meters per second?
17. A bullet is accelerated over a meter-long rifle barrel at an
acceleration of 400,000 meters per second2. What is its final
speed?
18. A car starts from rest and is accelerated at 5.0 meters per
second2. What is its speed 500 meters later?
19. A rocket is launched at an acceleration of 100 meters per
second2. After 100 kilometers, what is its speed in meters per
second?
20. A motorcycle is going 40 meters per second and is accelerated
at 6 meters per second2. What is its speed after 200 meters?
9. 125 meters
10. - 705 meters (that’s 705 meters downward)
11. 65 miles
12. 30 miles
13. 125 meters
14. - 300 meters
15. - 0.5 meters per second2
16. 76.6 meters per second
17. vf = 894 meters per second
18. vf = 70.7 meters per second
19. vf = 4470 meters per second
20. vf = 63.2 meters per second
Disclaimer

The information in this presentation was compiled from sources

believed to be reliable for informational and non-commercial
educational purposes, that will benefit learners comprehension
during the lecture session.
References
 Textbook, Giancoli - Physics Principles with Applications 7th ed.
 Textbook, Giancoli, Physics for Scientists and Engineers 4th ed.
 Texrbook, Stan Gibilisco, Physics Demystified.
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/measure/speed-velocity.html
 https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-speed-and-velocity.html#Similarities
 https://www.slideshare.net/jbishopgcms/speedvelocityacceleration
 http://www.softschools.com/formulas/physics/distance_speed_time_formula/75/
 https://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Average-Speed
 https://www.universetoday.com/59035/formula-for-velocity/
 https://sites.google.com/site/apphysics1online/unit-2-kinematics/3-1-d-vectors-scalars
 https://www.mansfieldct.org/Schools/MMS/staff/hand/lawsavevelocity2003.htm
 https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/1802/GCSE/Physics/When-should-you-use-the-SUVAT-equations/
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/8869305/
 http://www.studyphysics.ca/newnotes/20/unit01_kinematicsdynamics/chp04_acceleration/lesson10.htm