St.

Paul College of Ilocos Sur

(Member, St. Paul University System)
St. Paul Avenue 2727, Bantay, Ilocos Sur

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

POST LEARNING ACTIVITY

POST-TEST EXAMINATION: MODULE 2

NCM 106: Pharmacology

Second Semester A.Y. 2020-2021

Melanio P. Rojas Jr. MAN

(Clinical Instructor)

Name: MACARAIG, KELSEY A. Score: ___________________

Course/Year: BSN2A Date: February 26, 2021

I. Explain and give specific examples on the items given below:

Effects of drugs Meaning (10 points) Specific examples (10 points)

1. Anaphylactic reaction Severe, possibly fatal A patient who is allergic to
allergic response. seafood and has a feeling of
swelling in the mouth and
tongue, acute shortness of
breath, acute hypotension, and
tachycardia upon intake of
seafood.
2. Loading dose An initial high dose (often A patient who forgot to take her
maximum dose) used to Propylthiouracil an Anti- Thyroid
quickly elevate level of medicine last night, therefore
drug in the blood (often she took 2 tablets in the
followed by a series of morning.
lower maintenance
doses).
3. Therapeutic effect It is referred to as the The therapeutic effect of
desired effect. It is the morphine sulfate is analgesia.
primary effect intended, and the therapeutic effect of
that is, the reason the diazepam is the relief of anxiety.
drug is prescribed.
4. Drug interaction A drug interaction occurs Probenecid blocks the excretion
when the administration of penicillin It can be given with
of one drug before, at the penicillin to increase blood
same time as, or after levels of the penicillin for longer
another drug alters the periods.
effect of one or both
 drugs.

5. Therapeutic drug Therapeutic drug level Normal drug levels:

levels are laboratory tests to
Digoxin: 0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL
look for the presence and
Propranolol: 50 to 100 ng/mL
the number of specific
drugs in the blood. Abnormal drug levels:
Gentamicin: greater than 12
mcg/mL
Lithium: greater than 2.0 mEq/L

References: (5 points). Use APA format.

1. Therapy Effect - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (2021). Retrieved 21 February

2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/therapy-
effect
2. Doyle, G., & McCutcheon, J. (2015). 6.2 Safe Medication Administration. Bccampus.
Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/6-1-safe-medication-
adminstration/
3. Therapeutic Drug Levels | Medical Tests | UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital. (2021).
Retrieved 21 February 2021, from https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/tests/00
4. Loading Drug Dose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (2021). Retrieved 22
February 2021, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-
dentistry/loading-drug-dose
5. Drug Interactions: What You Should Know. (2020). Retrieved 22 February 2021, from
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-you-drugs/drug-interactions-what-you-should-
know

St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur

 (Member, St. Paul University System)
St. Paul Avenue 2727, Bantay, Ilocos Sur

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

POST LEARNING ACTIVITY

POST-TEST EXAMINATION: MODULE 2

NCM 106: Pharmacology

Second Semester A.Y. 2020-2021

Melanio P. Rojas Jr. MAN

(Clinical Instructor)

Name: MACARAIG, KELSEY A. Score: ___________________

Course/Year: BSN2A Date: February 26, 2021

I. Rationalize and enumerate specific example the different assessment for drug
administration.

Assessment of Drug Rationalize Specific Situation

Administration (8 points) (8 points)

1. Determine food or drug To ensure that the patient The Physician asked the
allergies receives correct medication. patient if he or she has
any allergy to or drug. The
patient said he/she is
allergic to MSG containing
food.
2. Obtain a drug history To determine the A patient went to a
medications taken by the hospital due to high fever
patient to review the and stomachache, the
medication response to physician asked if he/she
their body. ill prevent the has taken any drug to
prescription and relieve pain and alleviate
administration of drugs his/her fever. The patient
inducing allergic reactions said he/she did not take
and will improve patient any drug. Therefore, the
safety. patient was given
paracetamol 500 mg
every 4 hours for fever
and Hyoscine to relieve
his/her stomachache.
3. Obtain a medical history The medical history reflects The Physician reviewed
the need for the potential his patient medical history
responses to medication. and it encompass all
 currently and recently
prescribed drugs,
previous adverse drug
reactions including
hypersensitivity reactions.
The patient was given an
Amoxicillin, an antibiotic
that cause
hypersensitivity reaction
such as vomiting and
diarrhea.
4. Perform a physical Data from the physical The findings during the
examination examination may reveal the physical examination, the
need to hold the medication patient has poor kidney
or that medication is and liver which may
contraindicated. affect metabolism and
excretion of medications.

II. What are the nursing considerations in administering medications to an elderly

client?

Nursing Considerations Rationalization

(10 Points) (10 points)
1. Older clients tend to experience greater Decreased gastric motility which
concentrations and more prolonged clinical impairs drug absorption.
effects of drugs than the younger clients.

2. Older clients have a reduced gastric acidity Decreased gastric acid production and
(achlorhydria) which reduces the blood flow which impairs drug
bioavailability of medications that depend absorption
upon gastric acidity for absorption due to
age.
3. Increased adipose tissue and decreased A decrease of 10% to 15% in the
total body fluid proportionate to the body proportion of body water and lean
mass can increase the possibility of drug mass occurs with aging (Lata & Alia,
toxicity. 2007; Rivlin, 2007) and there is an
increased adipose tissue. It may cause
drug toxicity because serum
concentration increases for water-
soluble drugs and it did not distribute
well into adipose tissue.
4. Decreased cardiac output common in aging Reduced blood supply that results
 bodies interferes with the distribution of from decreased cardiac output affects
medications to the receptor organs and gastrointestinal function and slows
tissues. absorption and distribution of
medications.
5. Elderly people metabolize drugs more Decreased liver and kidney function.
slowly.