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Farmako Anastesia

This document discusses various anesthetic drugs used in neurology and preclinical settings. It covers intravenous anesthetics such as thiopental, etomidate, propofol and ketamine and their effects, side effects, and mechanisms of action. It also discusses inhaled anesthetics like isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane and desflurane and their respiratory and cardiovascular effects as well as metabolism and toxicity. Finally, it briefly mentions local anesthetics/regional anesthetics which are administered topically or parenterally and work by blocking nerve conduction in specific areas.

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Muhammad Dafa Tira Pratista Akbar
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35 views4 pages

Farmako Anastesia

This document discusses various anesthetic drugs used in neurology and preclinical settings. It covers intravenous anesthetics such as thiopental, etomidate, propofol and ketamine and their effects, side effects, and mechanisms of action. It also discusses inhaled anesthetics like isoflurane, sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane and desflurane and their respiratory and cardiovascular effects as well as metabolism and toxicity. Finally, it briefly mentions local anesthetics/regional anesthetics which are administered topically or parenterally and work by blocking nerve conduction in specific areas.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Dafa Tira Pratista Akbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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neurologi

preklinik

-farmako anesthetic-
anesthetics →
Hlpn .

General anesthetics Local anesthetics

Topikal Parenteral

Intravenous anaesthetics
● Onset : ±30 sec
● Effect site : encephalon
● mekanisme - teori molecular
Critical vol hypothesis/lipid bilayer expansion hypothesis : Obat penipisan membran yg reversible
Perturbation theory : berhubungan dengan kanal ion
Receptors : ● Inhibitory – GABA A, glycin → a -1
Hlpeifolarlsasi
● Excitatory - nAch, NMDA
Thiopentale Etomidate
● gol : Barbiturate ● gol : Ester
● dosis : 3-7 mg/kgBB ● dosis : 0.3 mg/kg
● efek : hypnosis, antiepileptic, analgesic ● efek : hypnosis
● es : ● CVS : /r miokardium, v
/ CO ● es : ● CVS : v
/ HR, CO, SVR (minimal)
● RESPIRATORY : /✓MV, apnea / RESPIRATORY (minimal)
●✓
● nyeri jika diberikan intraarteri ● nyeri
● Hypersensitivity ● mual muntah
● ki : Porphyria ● Adrenocortical suppression
● Hypersensitivity reaction 1: 75 000
Propofol ● ki : Porphyria
● gol : Phenolic derivative
● dosis : 1- 2.5 mg/kg Ketamine
● efek : hypnosis ● gol : Phencyclidine derivative
● es : ● CVS : depresi myocardiac, L
/ SVR, V
/ CO ● efek : ● dissociative anaesthesia, analgesia, amnesia
/ RESPIRATORY
●r ● analgesic in Emerg. Med
● Hypersensitivity 1 : 100 000 ● es : ● CV : /v HR, BP, konsumsi CO, O2
● nyeri ● RESPIRATORY : v/RR, refleks laring
● mual muntah (jarang)
● lebih bagus untuk LMA dibandingkan thiopentale
● ki : anak < 3 thn
flu /
Inhaled anaesthetics rare NO 2 .

Anaesthetic gases
● Isoflurane
● Sevoflurane
=
● Halothane
● Enflurane
● Desflurane
● N2O – nitrous oxide
✓

Efek Respiratory and cardiovascular


● L/ MV, / RR
^

● Isoflurane : irritant
● L/ SVR, L/TD, ^/HR

Metabolism and toxicity


● Isoflurane (0.2 %) and Sevoflurane(3.5%) dimetabolisms di hepar
● hati hati : gang Renal
I Hepar .

● Isoflurane and Sevoflurane : malignant hyperthermia


● N2O
● Megaloblastic anaemia
● Teratogenic
● PONV (post op. nausea and vomitting)

Local Anesthetics/Regional anesthetics →


Caine .

● mekanisme : Block nerve conduction pada area spesifik


● kla

Topical Parenteral
● patch, cream or lotion, liquid, spray ● Spinal
● Dermoplast ● Epidural
● Lidocaine ● Infiltration : menjahit
● Pontocaine ● Nerve block : specific nerve (example: chronic back pain)

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