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Limits & Constraints

Limits and Constraints of Quantum Computing

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Kashish Chandra
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22 views

Limits & Constraints

Limits and Constraints of Quantum Computing

Uploaded by

Kashish Chandra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIMITS AND CONSTRAINTS

Hello everyone,

Having your own quantum computer at home would be sweet… but


this isn’t ready to happen yet. Let’s range the current challenges
and limitations quantum systems are facing to understand why.

QUANTUM COMPUTING IS HYBRID

With our current state of knowledge, we are able to build


processors with quantum technology. But we can’t store data in it
for longer than a fraction of a second. In other words, the core of a
quantum computer is performing the calculation, but it needs to be
coupled with a classical computer to take care of program
compilation, generate output and manage data. There is no such
thing as a relational quantum database, for example.

QUANTUM GATES AND CIRCUITS ARE NOT ERROR-


FREE

Quantum computers of the current generation are called ‘NISQ’.


That’s because quantum gates and circuits still generate random
errors. This is also true of classic computing, but in a much lower
rate. More significantly, quantum computers don’t have error
correction systems yet. For this reason, quantum hardware
development has to work on many directions at the same time:
while increasing the number of qubits in a machine is necessary, it
is also crucial to reduce its error rates!

A WHOLE NEW HARDWARE TO BE MASTERED

Classical computers can integrate billions of transistors on a single


chip at very low cost. But technology for building quantum bits in
quantum computers is only emerging.
It is about managing and controlling atoms, photons or
superconducting devices at the microscopic level. We are really at
the beginning of this new field but history shows that innovation
and progress can be really fast when it comes to technology.

EXTREMELY COLD TEMPERATURE CONTROL

Let’s illustrate these technical challenges with an example: laws of


quantum physics are such that qubits have to be drastically
isolated from their environment to avoid their superposition state to
collapse and cause a computation error.

With superconducting qubits, this isolation is achieved using a


specialized cryogenic device called dilution machine. And it is
necessary to maintain this device’s temperature at 0.015 degrees
above the absolute zero. This is achieved using a thermodynamic
quantum property of a liquid helium isotopes mix, and trust me, it
is very cold and hard to implement!

Now you can guess why there will be no quantum smartphone in


your pocket before a while!

Thank you for your attention and see you soon!

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