Math 102

Fall 2020

Fall 2020 1
 MATH 102: Calculus II
Instructors: Dr. Ola Abdel-Aziz

References:
Textbook: Thomas Calculus (14th ed.)

Other References:

▪ Calculus 8th edition by Stewart

▪ Calculus 10th edition by Larson and Edwards

Fall 2020 2
 Grading Policy
Midterm Exams: (best 2 out of 3) 45%
• Assignments: (best 4 out of 5) 10%
• Quizzes: (best 2 out of 3) 5%
• Final Exam: 40%

Important Notes
75% attendance is mandatory to pass the course
At least 35% of the final exam is mandatory to pass the course

Fall 2020 3
 Don't use
the slides of the previous years

Fall 2020 4
 Syllabus
Ch. 10: Infinite Sequences and Series
Ch. 11: Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates
Ch. 12: Vectors and Geometry of Space
Ch. 14: Partial Derivatives
Ch. 15: Multiple Integrals
Ch. 16: Integration in Vector Fields

Fall 2020 5
General Revision

Fall 2020 6
Elementary Algebra
𝐵
, 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝐴+𝐵

(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴𝐶
= =
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 𝐵 𝐵 𝐵
𝐶 𝐶

Fall 2020 7
Absolute Value Formula

Triangle Inequality

𝑥2 = 𝑥
Fall 2020 8
Trigonometric Identity (from the formula Sheet)

sin2 x + cos 2 x = 1 sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

2
1 + tan x = sec x2 cos 2x = cos 2 x − sin2 x

2 2 2
1
1 + cot x = csc x cos x = (1 + cos 2x)
2
2
1
sin x = (1 − cos2x)
2

Fall 2020 9
L’Hopital Rule
Indeterminate Forms
𝑓(𝑥) 0 ∞
lim = 𝑜𝑟 0 ∞
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 0 ∞ 0
, ∞
Apply L’Hopital
𝑓′ (𝑥)
= lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑔′ (𝑥) 0 × ∞ , ∞ − ∞ Use algebra

∞0 , 00 , 1∞ Take 𝑙𝑛()

Fall 2020 10
 Differentiation Rules
𝑑
• 𝑐 =0 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
• 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥
𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑑 𝑑(𝑥)
• (𝑥) = = 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑑
• 𝑥 2 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Fall 2020 11
 𝑑
• 𝑐𝑥 =𝑐
𝑑𝑥

Fall 2020 12
• The sum rule
𝑑
𝑓 𝑥 ±𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 ± 𝑔′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

• 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒

• 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒

Fall 2020 13
 𝒅𝒚
𝒚
𝒅𝒙
𝒚=𝒄 𝒚′ = 𝟎

𝒚 = 𝒙𝒏 𝒚′ = 𝒏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏

𝒚 = 𝒄 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒚′ = 𝒄 𝒇′ (𝒙)

𝒚 = 𝒄𝒙 𝒚′ = 𝒄

𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 ± 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒚′ = 𝒇′ 𝒙 ± 𝒈′ (𝒙)

𝒚 = (𝒇(𝒙))𝒏 𝒚′ = 𝒏 (𝒇 𝒙 )𝒏−𝟏 ∗ 𝒇′ (𝒙)

𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙 ∗ 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒚′ = 𝒇 𝒙 ∗ 𝒈′ 𝒙 + 𝒈 𝒙 ∗ 𝒇′ 𝒙

𝒇 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙 ∗ 𝒇′ 𝒙 − 𝒇 𝒙 ∗ 𝒈′ 𝒙
𝒚= 𝒚′ = 𝟐
𝒈 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙
Fall 2020 14
 Differentiation of Composite Functions
𝑦=𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 Let 𝑢 = 𝑔 𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑢 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢 = 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
Using the Chain Rule: = ∗ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑢 . 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑓 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑔(𝑥) . 𝑔′ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Inner Keeping
function inner
Fall 2020 function 15
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions:

𝑑 𝑑
sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 2 𝑑
tan 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 cot 𝑥 = − csc 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 csc 𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Fall 2020 16
Exponential Function

D = ℝ , R = (0, ∞)

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥

Fall 2020 17
Power Laws

Fall 2020 18
 The Natural Logarithmic Function

It is the inverse of the Natural Exponential Function ex

D = (0, ∞) , R = ℝ
Fall 2020 19
Logarithmic Function

Fall 2020 20
Differentiation of ln x

Fall 2020 21
Relative Growth Rates

Fall 2020 22
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Fall 2020 24
Integration Rules

Fall 2020 25
Integration by Parts

න 𝑢 𝒅𝒗 = 𝑢 𝒗 − න 𝒗 𝑑𝑢

Fall 2020 26
If we exchange the choice:
𝑢 = cos 𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, this leads to a more difficult integral than
the one we started with.
Fall 2020 27
Example න 𝑥3 𝑒 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

u dv
1 2 𝑥2
= න 𝑥 (2𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥)
2

1 2 𝑥2 𝑥2
= 𝑥 𝑒 − න𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2

1 2 𝑥2 𝑥2
= 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑒 +𝑐
2

Fall 2020 28
Improper Integrals

Fall 2020 29
Fall 2020 30
Vectors

Fall 2020 31
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