LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION 2015

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

According to Function – Organization according to the nature of the tasks to be performed, it should be divided into groups so that similar and related duties may be
assigned to each division.

According to Levels of Authority - Vertical combination of superior officers, with each rank at a different level of authority from any other, form channels through which
operations maybe directed and controlled.

According to Place of Work - Organization according to the territorial distribution of a platoon, accomplished by assigning police officer to beats, it is necessary to
facilitate the direction and control of the officers and to ensure suitable patrol service within the jurisdiction.

According to Time Frame – Organization in which police units are divided into shifts or watches according to the time of day.

Active Service of the Uniformed Personnel - Refers to services rendered as an officers and non-officer, cadet, trainee or draftee in the Police, Fire or Jail Force, on
in the municipal police prior to the integration of the PC-INP or in the AFP.

Administration - Denotes functions that determine the basic policies, programs, and objectives of an organization and the means and methods to be employed to
achieve them.

Administrative Law – Branch of law dealing with organization, functions and procedures of executive or administrative agencies known sometimes as Boards, Bureaus
or Commissions with quasi legislative powers are delegated and judicial powers are granted, and the extent and manner to which such agencies are subject to the
control of the courts.

Administrative Method - Refers to the procedure for formulating rational decisions based on collected and interpreted information as opposed to intuitive persuasions.

Administrative Personnel - Refers to those belonging to the second level manager’s bracket such as patrol watch commanders.

Affidavit – A sworn statement in writing voluntarily made before a notary public of any other officer authorized to administer oaths.
Answer – A pleading which contains the respondent’s defense.

Appealed Policy – This type of policy is born when a problem arises at the lower levels of the organization and the man in charge does not know how to cope with the
problem.

Assistant Regional Director of Jail Bureau - Refers to the assistant heads of the department regional officers with the rank of senior superintendent.

Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank - Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is established for
his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within eighteen (18) months after such
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

Attrition by Non-Promotion - Any PNP personnel who have not been promoted for a continuous period of ten (10) years shall be retired or separated.

Attrition by Relief - A PNP uniformed personnel who have been relieved for just cause and has not have been given an assignment within two (2) years after such
relief shall be retired or separated.

Auxiliary Service Division - Police work that encompasses such specialties as records and communication, criminalities, detention and property management.

Aviation Security Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the aviation security unit, in coordination with airport authorities shall secure all the
country’s airport against offensive and terrorist acts that threaten civil aviation, exercise operational control and supervision over all agencies involved in airport security
operation, and enforce all laws and regulations relative to air travel protection and safety.

Breach of Internal Discipline – Any offense committed by a member of the PNP involving and affecting discipline and order within the police organization.

Budgeting – The forecasting in detail the results of an efficiently reorganized program of operation based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency.

Budget Calendar - A schedule of financial plan to be undertaken during the budget cycle.

Budget Call – A document that triggers budget preparation.

Budget Cycle – It involves the following processes :(1) Preparation- by PNP offices; (2) Authorization- by Congress; (3) Accountability- Control Measures conducted
by auditing.

Budget Guidance – A document issued by higher authorities stipulating the national objectives, priorities and constraints including assessment of the peace and order
situation

Budget Year - Current year and one day

Bureau – Refers to organic unit within large department.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology - Referred to as the Jail Bureau, created initially consisting of officers and uniformed members of the Jail Management
and Penology Service as constituted under P. D. No. 765. It is vested with the authority to exercise supervision and control over all district, city and municipal jails. While
the provincial, jail will be supervised and controlled by the provincial government within its jurisdiction.

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Carabineros De Seguridad Publica - Carabineros de Seguridad Publica was organized as a mounted riflemen or cavalry whose duties expanded in 1781 from a
special commission as government custodian of the tobacco monopoly to a distinct group charged with the duties of a harbor, port, border and river police.

Chief of Jail Bureau - Refers to the head of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology with the rank of director.

Chief PNP - The Head of the Philippine National Police with a rank of Director General who shall have the power to direct and control tactical as well as strategic
movements, deployment, placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and other resources. The Chief PNP has
summary dismissal powers over all members of the police force.

City/Municipal Jail Warden - Refers to the head of the city or municipal jail with the rank of senior inspector.
Civil Relations Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the civil relations unit shall implement plans and programs that will promote community
and citizen’s participation.

Command Communication – It is either oral or written orders of a superior officer to his subordinates. It is either written or oral orders of a superior officer to his
subordinate. It is directly made and compliance is immediately expected.

Command/Unit Inspector – Refers to the officer in charge of the PNP Inspectorate Service in the different Command National Support Units.

Commanding Officer – An officer who is in charge of a department, bureau, division, an area or a district.

Commission Proper - Refers to the National Police Commission which is composed of the office of the chairperson and the four regular commissioners.

Commonwealth Act No. 408 - Otherwise known as the Article of War Act.

Communications Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent which shall be responsible for establishing effective police communication network.

Company Officers – This group includes all junior officers in the ranks of Senior Inspector and Inspector.

Complaint – A written and sworn charge filed against respondents.

Compulsory Retirement - Retirement for officer and non-officer shall be upon the attainment of age, fifty-six (56). Provided that in case of any officer with the rank of
chief superintendent, director or deputy director general the commissioner may allow his retention in the service for an un-extendible period of one year.

Computer Center - Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent. The computer center shall be responsible for the implementation and maintenance of
a data base system for PNP.

Continental Theory – In this concept, policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities. This theory prevails in European countries where the
governmental organization follows the centralized pattern, e.g. Spain, Italy and France. The people have no share or little participation with the duties nor connection
with the police organization.

Criminal Investigation Division - Has been vested with the responsibility which primarily pertains to the coordination of criminal information and the investigation of
crimes not resolved by the patrol.

Crime Laboratory - The central crime laboratory to be headed by a director with the rank of chief superintendent, which provides scientific and technical investigative
aid support to the PNP and other government investigative agencies.

Crime Prevention - Refers to the reduction or elimination of the opportunity to commit a crime.

Crime Prevention and Coordination Service – Unit which shall undertake criminological researches and studies, formulate a national crime prevention plan, develop
a crime prevention and information program and provide editorial direction for all criminology research and crime prevention publications.

Criminal Investigation Unit - It is headed by a director with the rank of chief superintendent, the criminal investigative unit shall undertake the monitoring, investigation
and prosecution of all crimes involving economic sabotage and commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations.

Decision – A written disposition of a case personally signed by the disciplinary authority containing facts established during the hearing, the findings and conclusions,
as well as the pertinent and relevant laws and jurisprudence applicable thereon.

Delegation of Authority - The process of committing an activity to another’s care.

Delineation of Authority - Lines of authority and responsibility should be definite, clear and direct so that responsibility is properly fixed and duplication avoided. In
the police service each one knows where he fits in the pattern, to whom he is responsible and who is responsible to them.

Demotion – A penalty or reduction of rank.

Deployment - It shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or municipality for purposes of
employment.

Direction - It deals with the procedure of what is to be done, who is to do it, and when where, and how it is to be done.

Disciplinary Appellate Board - Refers to the formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery consisting of the National Appellate Board and Regional Appellate
Board, duly established by the NAPOLCOM.

Dispositive Portion – Refers to that part of a decision which declares whether the respondent is guilty or not guilty of the charge.

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District - Refers to a geographical subdivision of a city for a patrol purposes.

District Jail Warden - Refers to the head of district offices of the BJMP with the rank of Chief Inspector.

Division - It is a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Due Process – Refers to the right to be given opportunity to present one’s side and submit evidence in support thereof.

Early Retirement Program – Within three (3) years after the effectivity of RA 8551, any PNP officer or non-commissioned officer may retire and be paid separation
benefits corresponding to a position two (2) ranks higher than his or her present rank subject to the following conditions: a) that at the time he or she applies for
retirement, he or she has already rendered at least ten (10) years of continuous government service; b) the applicant is not scheduled for separation or retirement from
the service due to the attrition system or separation for cause; c) he or she has no pending administrative or criminal case; and d) he or she has at least three (3) more
years in the service before reaching the compulsory retirement age and at least a year before his or her maximum tenure in position.

Employment - Refers to the utilizations of units or elements of the PNP for purposes for promote.

Execution - Deals with performance of orders followed and done with commensurate authority to fulfill the responsibility.

Exoneration – Is the declaration of the respondent’s innocence by the disciplinary authority under summary proceedings.

Extra Departmental Plans – These are plans designed to guide the organization of the community to assist in accomplishing the police objectives in the field of juvenile
and delinquency prevention, traffic control, and organized crimes.

Finance Center - Headed by a director with the rank of Chief Superintendent, the Finance center shall be responsible for providing finances services to the PNP.

Field Officers – Also known as “Senior Officers”, this category includes SR Superintendent, Superintendent and, Chief Inspector.

Field Procedures - They are intended to be used in all situations of all kinds and serves as a guide to officers in the field on procedures that relate to the following:
Reporting, Dispatching, Raids, Arrests, Stopping suspicious persons, Receiving complaints, Patrolling and Conduct of investigation of crimes.

Field Training Program - All uniformed members of the PNP shall undergo a Field Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual experience and assignment
in patrol, traffic, and investigation as a requirement for permanency of their appointment.

Financial Service – Unit which shall provide the commission with staff service and assistance on budgetary and financial matters including the overseeing of the
processing and disbursements of funds pertaining to the scholarship program and surviving children of decease and/or permanently incapacitated PNP personnel.

Forum Shopping Or Multiple Filing of Complaints - Refers to charges or complaints regarding one single offense, filed simultaneously with different venues.

Functional Organization - This type of organization is operated wherein the performance of certain duties, at all levels is controlled and directed by a separate
organizational authority.

General or Flag Officers – This category includes all Directors and Chief Superintendents.

Grading - The simplest system of performance appraisal.

Guardia Civil - Organized with the dual function of a soldier and a policeman whose duties ranges from the suppression of brigandage by means of patrolling unsettled
territories, detention of petty and local insurrection, the enforcement of tax collection and was armed as the Spanish infantry to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsula
Troops of their work in policing towns. The establishment of the Guardia Civil gave the Spanish colonizers a tremendous control through a centralized police
administration which enabled the supreme head to determine the policies to be pursued in law enforcement and the maintenance of peace and order.

Guardrilleros - The Rural Police during the Spanish regime in the Philippines established in each town. The law provided that five percent (5%) of able bodied male
inhabitants of each province was to be drafted in the police service for a three year tour of duty.

Headquarter Procedures – Usually found on the duty manual because they pertain to the responsibility of one person or one class of persons. Procedures that involve
coordinate action on activity on activity of several offices shall be established separately.

Home Rule Theory – Law enforcers or policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of
the people. In this concept, policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and security. This is practiced in the United States and in
England where the governmental structure follows a decentralized pattern.

IAS – Headed by an Inspector General the Internal Affairs Service which conduct “motu-propio”, automatic investigations of the following cases: Incidents where a police
personnel discharges a firearm; Incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of police operation; Incidents
where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated or lost while in custody of police personnel; Incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was
seriously injured; and Incidents where the established rules of engagement have been violated.

Imposed Policy – This type of policy comes from the government in forms of laws, administrative orders, rules and procedures and specifications.

Immunity - Is a protection from liability in tort due to status or position.

Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation Service – Unit which shall conduct continuous inspection and management audit of personnel facilities and operations at
all levels of command and shall monitor the implementation of the commissions programs and projects relative to law enforcement of the commissions programs and
projects relative to law enforcement and monitor and investigate police anomalies, and irregularities.

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Installations And Logistics Service - Reviews the Commission's plans and programs and formulate policies and procedures regarding acquisition, inventory, control,
distribution, maintenance and disposal of supplies and shall oversee the implementation of programs on transportation facilities and installations and the procurement
and maintenance of supplies and equipment.

Integrated Act 0f 1975 – Law which created the Integrated National Police.

Jail Bureau - The Bureau of Management and Penology, created under RA 7695, vested with the responsibility to supervise and control all district, city and municipal
jails.

Law - Refers to a rule of conduct or action laid down and enforced by supreme governing authority of a community or established by custom.

Lateral Entry - In general, all original appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of inspector, to include all those with highly
technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services, such as dentist, optometrists, nurses, engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of
medicine, members of the Bar, and chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of senior inspector in their particular technical service. Graduates of the Philippine National
Police Academy (PNPA) shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of inspector. Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank of inspector to fill up any
vacancy after promotions from the ranks are completed.

Legal Affairs Service – Provides the NAPOLCOM with efficient and effective service as legal counsel of the Commission; draft or study contracts affecting the
Commission and submits appropriate recommendations pertaining thereto; and renders legal opinions arising from the administration and operation of the Philippine
National Police and the Commission.

Line Command – Is the operating authority delegated by the commander down to the line thru each intermediate supervisor until level of execution is reached.

Line Function - Refers to operational duties like patrol, investigation, vice control, juvenile control traffic task.

Line Organization - It divides responsibility and authority between several specialists. It is the most common type of all police organizational structure commonly found
in the rural areas.

Local Executives - exercises operational, supervision and direction over the PNP units assigned within respective localities.

Logistics Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent which shall be responsible for the procurement, distribution and management of all the
logistics requirements of the PNP including firearms and ammunition.

Middle Management Level - Means that decisions are made that govern day-to-day operations of the organizations.

Modern Concept - This thought of police service regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention. Under this
concept, police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes. It further broadens police activities to cater to social services, and has for its mission the
welfare of the individual as well as that of the community in general.

NAPOLCOM – The National Police Commission exercises administrative control and supervision over the P.N.P. Republic Act 4864 otherwise known as the Police Act
of 1966 created the NAPOLCOM. It is a Collegial body under the Department of interiors and Local Government, composed of the Secretary as its Chairman, the PNP
Chief as Ex-Officio Member and three regular commissioners all appointed by the President to serve a year term which may not be extended.

Narcotics Unit - Headed by a director with the rank of chief superintendent, the Narcotics units shall enforce all laws relative to the protection of the citizenry against
dangerous and other prohibited drugs and substances.

National Appellate Boards - Primary grievance machinery against erring policemen, vested to decide cases in appeal from decisions rendered by the PNP chief and
the Regional Appellate boards.

Nominal Complaint – Refers to any PNP officer who is required to file and institute charges by reason of their office or position.

Old Concept – Police service is give the impression of being merely suppressive machinery. This philosophy advocates that the yardstick of police competence is the
increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes.

Operational Supervision and Control - Shall mean the power to direct, Superintendent, and oversee the day-to-day functions of police investigation of crime, crime
prevention activities, and traffic control in accordance with the rules and regulation promulgated by the commissions.

Optional Retirement - Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory active service, an officer or non-officer at his own request and with the approval
of the commission shall be retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provided for by law.

Organization - It is the arrangement of people with common purpose and objective in a manner to enable the performance of related tasks by individuals grouped for
the purpose. This organization can be functional, Line, line and staff, etc. depending on the objectives and functions of the organization.

Organizational Structure – Refers to the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the relationships which exists between individual, groups,
and function within the organization.

Originated Policy – This type comes from the highest rank or top management and is intended to set up guidelines in the operation of the organization.

P.D. 765 – Organized the Integrated National Police in August 8, 1975 which was composed of the Philippine Constabulary as the nucleus and the INP forces as
components under the Department of National Defense.

Performance – Sum total of a candidate’s past activities and achievements in a certain work.

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Personnel Administration – Personnel administration is the technique of organizing and handling of people at work in all levels and types of management.

Personnel and Administrative Service - Performs personnel function for the commissions, administer the entrance and promotional examination for policemen,
provides the necessary services relating to records, correspondence and supplies property and equipment security and general services relating to manpower career
planning and development, personnel transactions and employer welfare.

Personnel Management - Is that field of management involving planning, organizing, directing and controlling the efforts of a group of people toward achieving a
common goal with maximum dispatch and minimum expense.

Philippine Public Safety College - The premier educational institution for the training human resource development and continuing education of all personnel of the
PNP Fire and Jail Bureau.

Planning and Research Service - Provides technical services to the commission in areas of overall policy formulation, strategic and operational planning, management
systems or procedures, evaluation and monitoring of the commissions programs, projects and internal operations and shall conduct thorough research, and analysis on
social and economic conditions affecting peace and order in the city.

PLEB - People's Law Enforcement Board. There shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every municipality and for each of the legislative districts in a city. The PLEB shall
have jurisdiction to hear and decide citizen's complaints or cases filed before it against erring officers and members of the PNP. There shall be at least one (1) PLEB
for every five hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel.

Police Administration - Defined as the management of police administration which is all about the work of police officers or the utilization of personnel to coordinate
and manage resources for the achievement of organizational goals. It is the direction of the police organization or a part of it, and the application of its various resources
in such a way, as to carry out its functions effectively and efficiently.

Police Force of a Municipal Corporation - They refer to those that preserve the peace, protect persons and property, and obey and enforce all ordinances of the
legislative authority thereof, and all criminal laws of the state.

Police Intelligence Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent, the police Intelligence Unit shall serve as the intelligence and counter intelligence
operating component of the PNP.

Police Management - Is the act, method or art of administering, controlling or conducting a police unit force.

Police Security Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent, the Police Security Unit shall provide security for government officials, visiting
dignitaries and private individual authorize to be given protection.

Policy - It may also be defined as a “general plan of action” that serves as a guide in the operation of the organization.

Policy Formulation – It involves what are to be done in the form of orders or broad statement of action.

Potential – The overall gross worth and capability of a candidate to assume a higher position and greater responsibility based on tangible past performance.

Private Complainant – Refers to any person, whether natural or juridical who suffered harm, injury or disturbance through an act or omission attributable to the
respondents.

Procedures – Are the actual courses of action such working details methods of operation, paperwork, review, routing letters.

Promotion – Status change of a policeman amounting to dynamic elevation of qualified or deserving members as opportunities occurs, to assignment or duties of
greater importance. All promotions should be based on merits and fitness.

Public Policy – Refers to a set of social values, embodied in authorization rules, which guide the ends of government.

R.A. No. 4864 – Law enacted September 8, 1966 which provided the legal guideline in undertaking at a national level reforms which contributed to the improvement of
police efficiency and performance. To implement its objectives the National Police Commission was created.

R. A. No. 6975 – The Department of Interiors and Local Government Act. This law created the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,
Bureau of fire Protection and the Philippine Public Safety College under a reorganized Department of Interiors and Local Government.

Ranking Officer – The officer having the highest rank or grade.

Regular Promotion – Quota allocated promotion wherein a candidate must satisfy all the mandatory requirements fixed for a certain grade.

Reporting – The making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and unusual occurrences in order to keep everyone informed.

Sector – Refers to functional unit necessary for specialization.

Selection – The choosing of available applicants who are fitted and qualified as police officers.

Seniority in Rank - Is the total period acquired in certain grade in permanent status.

Service – Refers to the execution of a writ or process as used in summary proceedings.

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Screening Process – The process involves two basic functions first is the measuring of each candidates qualifications and second is ranking the candidates relatively
on the basis of their qualifications.

Span of Control – Refers to the pyramidal arrangement or grouping of subordinate units or personnel under one supervisor. It also refers to the ability of one man to
direct, coordinate and control immediate subordinates with physical limitations.

Specialization – It is the principle that results from the division of force into separate units to perform the police tasks.

Special Action Force - Headed by a Director with the rank of Chief Superintendent, the Special Action Force shall function as a mobile strike force or reaction unit to
augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police forces for civil disturbance control, counter insurgency, hostage taking, rescue operations and other special
operation.

Special Operating Procedures – Included in such guidelines are crime scene search, preservation and investigation, dissemination of information concerning wanted
persons, organization and operation of police support units and the like.

Staffing – The task of providing competent men to do the job and selecting the right man for the job. It involves good selection and the processing of reliable and well-
trained personnel.

Staff Work – It is a part of managerial work that the police executive or commander assigns to someone outside the chain of command, called staff assistant.

Summary Dismissal Power – Exercised by the Chief of the PNP and regional directors who, after due notice and summary hearings, may immediately remove or
dismiss any respondent PNP member in any of the following cases: (a) When the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt is strong; (b) When the respondent is a
recidivist or has been repeatedly charged and there are reasonable grounds to believe that he is guilty of the charges; and (c) When the respondent is guilty of conduct
unbecoming of a police officer.

Summary Proceedings – Administrative proceedings conducted consistent with due process to determine the culpability or innocence of the respondent.

Superior Officer – One having supervisory responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently over officers of lower rank.

Supervision - Deals with the assistance and guidance given to subordinates to ensure successful performance.

Sworn Officer – All personnel of the police department who possess the power of arrest and who takes an oath of office.

Testing – Giving a series of actual and theoretical assignment to re-enforce what has been determined in the investigation phase.

Time-in-Grade – Total period of time a candidate has acquired in a certain grade regardless of his status of appointment therein.

Traffic Division – Vested with the responsibility for those organizational objectives which primarily includes traffic regulation policy, the investigation of traffic accidents
involving personal injury and otherwise undertaking traffic related duties not performed by the Patrol Division.

Traffic Management Unit - Headed by a Director with the rank of chief Superintendent, the traffic management units were established to enforce traffic laws and
regulations.

Unit – Refers to functional groups within a section where further specialization is needed.

Unity of Command - Is a doctrine in police service which means that only one man is in complete command of each situation and only one man in direct command or
supervision of each officer.

Work Delegation – The act of transmitting to a person the power to act for another. Delegation to be proper should accompany a corresponding authority, specific
responsibilities and finally accountability on the delegated job or position.

Work Simplification - It is a method of finding easier ways of doing work to increase productivity, work quality, meet work schedule, reduce waste, lower accident rates
and reduce costs.

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INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Access List - An authenticated registry of personnel given to security allowing entry to a compound or installation natural or man-made.

Advance Party – Refers to a group of protective personnel tasked to conduct surveys and inspection on the area of visit, performs coordination and make the required
arrangement of visit of a VIP or Principal to a particular area.

Agency Manager - Is automatically the chief security director who shall be responsible for the entire operation and administration/management of the security agency.
He shall be directly responsible to the agency operator/owner/Board of Directors.

Alertness - A desirable quality of a security guard as it determines his effectiveness; it must be therefore developed by anyone desiring to become a watchman. It
means spotting the intruders, violators, and unusual incidents. It may be attained by vigilance, watchfulness, dedication and diligence.

Amateur Swindler - As distinguished from a professional swindler is one who does not resort to fraud or scam for a living.

Armored Car Security - It is the protection resulting from the application of various methods which safeguards cash and other valuables in transit.

Assassination – Refers to the treacherous killing of a protected person.

Asset Protection Program - It is the sum-total of protect scheme encompassing the entire security spectrum, design to eliminate, reduce or control threats hazards,
risk or dangers to company assets.

Automatic Sprinkler System - Attached to the ceilings and roof and activated when there is a sudden increase in temperature. Water is directed where it is needed.

Auxiliary System – Alarm system where the circuitry is directly linked to local police stations or fire stations and when activated it immediately notifies said personnel
for prompt response. This system is prone to false alarm and is considered unpopular. However, banks and other vital establishments are fitted with such devices for
response in cases where the alarm is activated.

Background Investigation - A check made on an individual usually seeking employment through subjects records in the police files, educational institutions, place of
residence, and former employees.

Bank Security - Is the protection resulting from the application of various measures which safeguards cash and assets which is in storage in transit and during
transaction.

Barrier - Any structure of physical device capable of restricting, deterring or delaying illegal access to an installation natural or manmade.

Barrier Maintenance – The regular inspection of fencing barrier and protective walls by security guard.

Buffer Zone – Refers to an area which separates a VIP from an attack.

Casual Pilferer - One who steals primarily because of irresistible urge to take a company property when an unexpected opportunity presents itself and has minute or
little chance of detection.

Central Station System – This type of alarm system utilizes a station located outside the compound. When the alarm is sounded, the security immediately calls the
attention of law enforcement units and fire teams as the case may be. The alarm panel system is located outside the facility but manned by company personnel

Change Key - A key to a single lock within a system of locks in an installation.

Character - The sum of traits that have been impressed by nature, education and habit upon the individual.

Clear Zone - Unobstructed area it should be maintained on both sides of the perimeter barrier.

Close in Security – Also known as personal security composed of two or three men assigned to a VIP.

Combination Lock - For installation in safe and bank vaults, it can have an intricate system of at least 1 million possible combination consisting of more than six dials;
it affords the maximum delay in terms of efficiency.

Communications Security - The protection resulting from the application of various measures which prevent or delay the energy or unauthorized person in gaining
information through communications. This includes transmissions, cryptographic and physical security.

Company Guard Forces - A security guard recruited and employed by the company. Those hired will be in the company payroll and are usually entitled to the same
benefits received by other employees. At times, organic personnel as guards get special allowance for uniforms and are even gratuitously given special privileges for
uniforms and meal allowance.

Confidence - Is a state of being sure, a state of mind, free from doubt, or misgiving. This attributes include faith in oneself and in his abilities, which is attained by job
knowledge. A state of trust.

Confidential - Spoken or written in secret.

Controlled Areas - Are those section and zone where access is restricted as to entrance or movement by all but authorized personnel and vehicles. It should additionally
marked by a fence or other barrier, and access to it should be limited to as few guests as possible.

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Cost of Security Protection - Principle which states that it is not economical to spend an exorbitant or excessive amount on plant security when the return on such
investment is only a fraction of that amount.

Critical Clearance - in these businesses in which money or other valuable objectives are handled by employees or in which the individual employees is otherwise
subjected to temptation or entrusted with secrets of value to the industry or to the government, care must be exercised in the selection of personnel.

CSG – Civil Security Group.

Cylinder Locks - Usually installed at home, also called a night latch and is operated by a key on the outside and a knob on the inside.

Debriefing - Serves to place the person on special notice of his continuing responsibility to protect classified information which he has knowledge of.

Defense Ring – Arrangement of protective personnel and or physical barriers in a concentrate circle to detect, negate potential assassins.

Deluge System - It is similar to a dry pipe system however, it is designed to direct the flow of water in a specified direction.

Destination Security – Refers to the security personnel of the place of stop or rest, included in the security function of the advance party.

Dial Alarm System - Dial alarm system- this system automatically dials the numbers of personnel concerned in cases of breach of security. It utilized phone lines thru
fiber optics and inexpensive alarm system which is easy to install and operate.

Disc Tumbler Lock - It contains one or more pieces of metal of different heights known as tumblers, which intercepts the bolt and prevents it from being moved until
the tumblers are raised or released by action. It is usually installed in cars and would afford delay of at least 5 to 10 minutes.

Doctrine – Refers to a set of principles, dogma, guidelines or policy which is ought to be observed.

Document - An official paper, certificates anything written that gives information or supplies evidence.

Document and Information Security - Is the sum total of all policies, regulations, doctrines, practices, enforces to safeguard the contents and integrity of any classified
information of document from compromise or loss.

Document Security - Protection of documents, classified papers and vital records from loss, access to unauthorized persons, damages, theft and compromise though
proper storage and procedures.

Doppler Effect - A phenomenon that causes frequency shift in an object located in an area permeated by radio frequency signals.

Dry-pipe System - A system for fire safety which is activated when the head is ruptured the pressurized air escapes and water is directed to the pipes

Dry Run - Practical test or exercise of a plan to test its effectiveness and operational readiness.

Duress Code - A type of code system so that security personnel when forced by armed men to enter an installation can give alarm by the used of certain words in
casual conversation with other personnel in the installation.

Electro Magnetic Lock - The doors are closed by magnetism and the plates are operated by means of electricity. When the power is on and the door is locked, it can
resist a pressure of more than 1,000 lbs.

Emergency Flashlight Supply - An extra stock of flash light batteries and bulb always on hand.

Energy Barrier - Usually electrical or electronic devices used to provide assistance to guard personnel.

Entrance Conference - A conference or dialogue between the survey team and management official of a plant before security survey is conducted.

Ethical Standard – Ethics Moral belief or codes which are common to a group or profession.

Exclusion Area - Is used only for handling and storage of high value cargo and classified documents. The number of people authorized to enter this area should be
strictly limited, and the area should be under surveillance at all times.

Fences - An independent structure designed to control physical and or visual access between outside areas.

File room – A storage facility constructed lighter than a vault but bigger in capacity it is installed as part of the building which holds up to 10,000 cubic meters of essential
items. At least 12 feet in height, with enough ventilation and fire proof of at least 1 hour.

Fire Hydrant - A mechanical device strategically located in an installation or street where a fire hose is connected that water with pressure will be available to extinguish
fire.

Floodlights - It projects light in a concentrated beam. It is ideal to use in illumination of buildings, fences, perimeter areas and boundaries.

Fresnel Light – A type of radiance which projects wide beam illumination in long and narrow horizontal strips, approximately 180 degrees in the horizontal plane and
15 to 30 degrees in the vertical plane.

Frisking – This is the pat down inspection of the passenger’s body for weapons, explosive or other dangerous substances which may be concealed. This is done
through manual frisking or with the use of hand-held metal detectors.

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Government Guard Forces - A security guard recruited and employed by the government. They are assigned to guard government installation and other government
assets. They are entitled to all benefits received by other government employee, and under the control and supervision of the civil service commission.

Grand Master Key - A key that will open everything in a system involving two or more master key groups.

Guard Control Station - This is normally provided at main perimeter entrance to secure areas located out of doors, and manned by guard on a full time basis.

Hazard – Any act or condition which may be conclusive to breaches of security and resulting in subsequent compromise, loss, damage, injury or death.

Hotel Security - Is the protection resulting from the application of various measures, of assets, guests, personnel and other properties in a hotel.

Human Barrier – Refers to guards, office and shop workers, and the like who stand between the intruder and the matter to be protected.

Human Hazard - An act or condition caused by humans which affects the safe operation of a facility. They include sabotage, theft, pilferage and espionage.

Industrial Security - Form of physical security involving industrials plants and business enterprises which includes the safe guarding of personnel, properties and
operation.

Information – Refers to any form of communicated knowledge.

Initial Interview - The first contact with security and should be formally conducted. Its purpose is to impart security concern, its importance to the company and the
penalties that would result to violation of company rules, regulations and security measures.

Inner Ring – Refers to areas immediately outside the principal’s door or close-in to the principal if outside.

Inquiry - It is a process of determining the loyalty, honesty, integrity, and reputation etc., of a particular applicant or employer.

Inside Perimeter - A line protection adjacent to protected area passing through points of possible entry into the area, such as doors, windows, skylights, tunnels or
other point of access.

Inspection – Refers to follow-up surveys.

Installation Security – Security of a building and facilities by use of towers and posts with guards, protective lighting and alarm systems, and the use of fence with top
guards barbed wires.

Insubordination – Refers to refusal to carry out the lawful and legitimate orders of his superior.

Integrity - Uprightness in character, soundness of moral principles, freedom from moral delinquencies.

Kabit System – Unauthorized and illegal practice of agency operators which operate, promote or enter into an agreement of "merger" with any person or a group of
person for the purpose of organizing a branch unit or subsidiary under separate control and ownership.

Lever Lock – Similar in design with disk tumbler lock, it is commonly installed in safe deposit boxes and is deemed pick proof since it can be operated by utilizing
combination y means of dial.

License to Operate - A document issued by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative authorizing a person to engage in the occupation,
calling or employment as security guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct, manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or
private security agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees.
Limited Area – Locale, part or section within the controlled area where a greater degree of security is required.

Local Alarm System - Once the security has been breached, the siren is sounded or a light flashes in remote stations located in the immediate vicinity of the installation.
It would afford response of personnel to the areas wherein intruders were able to penetrate.

Local Alarm by Chance System - This is similar in function with local alarms but the response would depend on persons who are alerted within the immediate vicinity
of the place where intrusion was committed, hence it gives no predictable response.

Lock and Key Record - Written account provided for all company pad locks, to which they are issued or where they are installed and the name of the person and
department who carried or controls the keys for the various locks.

Lock and Key Storage – Placed under the control of the security personnel it is a safe and secured cabinet where duplicate or reserve locks and keys are kept.

Loyalty - Faithful allegiance to the Philippine Government and its duly constituted authorities.

Master Key - A key that is capable of opening series of locks. Master keys should have no markings that will identify them as such. They should be issued only to
personnel especially designated by management, and the list of holders of these keys should be frequently reviewed to determine the continuing necessity for the
individuals having them.

Middle Ring – Refers to inside quarters, residence or office covering all stairways and elevators.

Moral - Distinctive identifying qualities which serve as an index to the essential or intrinsic native of a person.

Multiple Pass System - Provides extra measures of security by requiring that an exchange take place at the entrance to each restricted area within the controlled area.
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Natural Barriers - Are those natural features constructed by men that tend to delay the intruder, whether or not constructed with that specific purpose in mind.

Natural Hazards - Caused by natural phenomena which results in damage, disturbance and problems of the normal functions. These include floods, earthquakes,
lightning storms, typhoons and volcanic eruption.

Non-Critical Clearance - Those plants not vitally concerned with questioned of security on in securing employees with a high degree of honesty and integrity, the
employment application should be relatively simple.

One Thousand - The maximum number of security guards that an agency/company guard forces may employ to include its branches.

Operational Security - Involves the protection of processes, formulas patents and other industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration, and loss
compromise, of photocopying.

Outer Ring – Refers to sidewalks, stationed in front of quarters, residence or office covering all entrances.

Outside Perimeter - The line protection surrounding, but somewhat removed from a protected area such as a fence.

PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.

Padlock - Is a detachable lock having a sliding hasp which passes through a staple ring and secures fixtures and other storage containers.

Pass Exchange System - Procedure in which a person exchanges one-color coded pass at the entranced to the controlled area for another which carries a different
color specifying the limitations of authorization. Upon leaving the person surrenders the controlled area badge in exchange for the basic authorization identification. In
this system the badge never leaves the controlled area, thus reducing the possibility of switching forging or alteration.

Perimeter Barrier - A medium or structure which defines the physical limits of an installations or area to restrict or impede access thereto.

Perimeter Lighting - Usually referred to as protective lighting is completely a part of standard system in security when fence and guards are employed. There are four
considerations that will influence the effectiveness of protective lighting. These are brightness, silhouette seeing, contrast and shadow elimination. Darkness is an ally
of potential intruders and must be approximately assessed to limit hiding places.

Personnel Identification - This system designate when and where and how passes should be displayed and to whom, what is to be done in case of loss of the pass,
procedure for taking a pass from terminating employees; and a system in cancellation and re-issue of all passes, either as a security/review or when a significant number
of badges have been lost or stolen.

Personal Security - It is the protection of personnel especially ranking officials from any harm, kidnap and other acts. Also known as VIP Security.

Personnel Security - Is the sum of procedures followed, inquires conducted and criteria, to determine the work suitably of a particular applicant or the retention or
transfer of particular employee.

Personnel Security Investigation - Is an inquiry in the character, reputation, discretion, integrity, morals and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a person’s
suitability for appointment or access to classified matter.

Peterman - Term used in England for locks pickers, safe crackers, and penetrates or restricted rooms or area.

Physical Barrier - Any physical means to impede, delay, or prevent instruction into a protected area.

Physical Security - Part of security concerned with the physical measures designed to safeguard personnel to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
materials, documents, and to protect them from espionage, sabotage damage or theft. The broadest branch of security, defined as a system of barriers placed between
the matters protected and the potential intruder.

Private Security - He operates on a covert type of mission on a specific confidential order issued by his agency. Any person who does detective work for hire, reward
or commission, other than members of the Armed forces of the Philippines, guards of Bureau of Corrections, provincial guards or members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the Government.
Private Security Agency - Any person association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security guard, to do
its functions or solicit individuals, business firms, or private, public, or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security
guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation whose business or transaction involve
national security or interest like the operation and or management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports, heliports, landing strips etc.
or as consultant or any security related matter, or to provide highly specialized security detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering security
passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other security needs that the PNP SAGSD may approve.

Promptness - Punctuality when reporting for duty or always being on time.

Proprietary Alarm System - This is an alarm technique wherein the panel or station is located inside the premises of the compound. It is fully owned and operated by
the company and response is assured with the least time of delay.

Protective Alarms - Are devices and contrivance installed inside and outside a facility or buildings to compliment and provide additional security measure and operates
to advertise entry into sensitive and protected areas. It signals and alerts the security personnel to intrusions within the compound. The alarm is activated in cases of
tampering into the circuitry or activated upon intrusion.

Protective Cabinets - Referred to as the final line of defense, it is a high security storage area where papers, plans, cash and other negotiable instruments are kept.

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Protective Operations – Refers to those activities designed or intended to provide physical protection of VIP from all hazards.

R.A. 5487 (AS AMENDED) - Otherwise known as Private Security Agency Law, this enacted legislation governs the operation, administration of security agency, and
activities, qualifications, duties and licensing of security guards, watchmen and private detectives. In short, it is the intention of this law is towards professionalism of
the security services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.

Refresher Conference - It reminds individuals of their job responsibility. It also serves as a forum to resolve security problem and explain new rules and regulations.

Regular Inventory - Periodical accounting of all tools and equipment charged out to departments or reaming on hand in supply.

Relative Criticality - Importance of a firm or installation with reference to the national economy or security.

Relative Vulnerability - Susceptibility of a plant damage, loss or destruction due to various hazards, natural or man-made.

Remote Station System - A structure where the alarm signal is transmitted to a remote location manned and operated by a dependent party or police department.

Reporting for Duty - Checking in at the beginning of his shift and take down in writing any special orders for the day.

Reputation - Opinion or estimation in which one is generally held. It is what a person is reported to be whereas character is what a person is.

Residence Security – Protection assigned in them place the VIP resides or live.

Return Tools at End Shift - It is the practice in some plants that all tools and equipment used during the shift is checked back into the tool crib at the end of their shift.

Route Security – Refers to personnel assigned by the roads, avenue, boulevards where the VIP will pass en route to his destination.

Safe - It is a metallic container used primarily for safekeeping of documents and small items. It should be at least 750 lbs. in weight or anchored to the building if lighter.
The walls should be at least one inch thick and the door 1 ½ inch thick.

SAGSD - Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division

Search Lights - Are incandescent lamps which are highly focused and utilized to pinpoint possible threat areas
Secrecy - The state of being surreptitious. The ability to keep or restrict confidential matters.

Security - Protection of any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various method and device.

Security Agency Service - A guard hired by company belonging to a private Licensure Security Guard agency is in a contracted basis. The agency supplies the
number of guard needed to carry out the security duties and functions required. This would include supervision as part of the force, or if the force is small, supervision
may be accomplished by schedule visits of uniformed supervisors and other agency officials. Security guards and supervisors are paid by the agency. The agency
usually makes contact with the firm or facility. Law will do by the 24 hours duty by thru guards on an 8 hours tour of duty. Duties of agency guards are similar to that of
the other company guard.

Security Alarm System - Combination of compatible intrusion and detection device so arranged and wired as to support one another.

Security Cabinet - Added protection of important vital papers, data, special correspondence, cash and other essential documents, such as vault, safe and file room.

Security Education - The exposure and teaching of employees on security and its relevance of the building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and
negotiable instrument.

Security Education Program - A program given to employees of an installation by lecture and other means pertaining to measures and safeguard to be taken to protect
the interest of the installation for loss, damage, sabotage, pilferage, and other criminal acts.

Security Guard - Is any natural person, not a member of the regular police force or the AFP who acts as a watchman.

Security Guard Forces - A group of forces of men selected trained or organized into functional group for the purpose of protecting operation process those disruptions
which impede efficiency or halt operation at a particular plant, facility, institution or special activity.
Security Hazard - Is any act or conditions which may result in the compromise of information, loss of life, or destruction of property or disruption of the objective of the
installation.

Security Lighting - The providing of sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness to ensure visibility and to act as to deterrent to the intruders.

Security Planning - Is a corporate and executive responsibility. It involves knowing the objectives of the security and the means and the method to reach these
objectives or goal must then involve.

Security Promotion - It is a positive effort to sell security or make the employees more involved in the implementation of security measures.

Security Reminders - It is commonly manifested in office memorandum, announcement, posters placed at strategic areas within the company.

Security Supervisor - Is charged with directing the work and observing the behavioral performance of the guard under his command/unit.

Security Survey - Is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and through inspection of all operation system and procedure of facility. (Security
Risk Analysis/Assessment)

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Single Pass System – Technique wherein the badge or pass coded for authorization to enter specific areas is issued to an employee who keeps it in his possession
until his authorization is charge or until he terminates.

Special Interview - It is conducted with the aid of senior company officials to facilitate compliance by means of example.

Storage System – The Third Line of Defense which may be utilized by means of safes, vaults or file-rooms.

Structural Barriers - These impediments are features constructed by men that tend to delay the intruder, whether or not constructed with that specific purpose in mind.

Systematic Pilferer - One who steals primarily because of irresistible urge due to an unexpected opportunity and has title chance of detection.

Teaching Skill – The ability to communicate and impart the basic knowledge and awareness to subordinates.

Technical Mastery – The ability required for supervisors to possess the expertise, proficiency, skills and knowledge that are necessary for his post.

Top Guard - Is an additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical perimeter fences facing upward and outward with a 45 degree angle with three to four strands
of barbed wires, 6 inches apart and must be stalled on the supporting arms.

Towers - Guard tower are house like structures above perimeter barriers.

Trade Secret - May consist of any formula, device, pattern or compilation of information which is used in one's business and gives the user advantage over competitors
who do not utilize or know it. Proprietary information and intellectual property are similar to trade secrets.

Training Conference – It is normally held in the training period. Conducted for at least a period of four hours, its concern is to reiterate to employees that security is an
additional burden imposed on them as part of the company.

Transmission Security - The component of communication security designed to protect transmission firm interruptions, traffic, and analysis and initiative deception.

Two Hundred - The minimum number of security guards that a private security agency may employ.

Utility Openings - Sewers, air intakes, exhaust tunnels and other utility opening which penetrate the barrier and which have cross sectional area of ninety-six inches
or more should be protected by bars, grills, providing protection to that portion of the perimeter barrier.

Vaults - It is a heavily constructed fire resistance storage facility installed four inches higher than the floor and part of the building structure. The door of vaults should
be at least 6 inches thick. The vault wall, ceiling, floor should be reinforced by concrete at least 12 inch thick. It is normally moisture and condensation resistant with
electrical conduits which should not exceed 1 ½ inch in diameter. Standard size vaults can store up to 5,000 cubic feet and fire resistant of at least 6 hours.
VIP – Refers to executives, any ranking official of the national government, foreign dignitaries, or other important persons who due to their positions are accorded or
provided with security.

VIP Security - Involves the protection of top ranking official of the government visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

Warded Lock – Simplest form of lock which uses a bolt containing a notch called talon. The bolt is removed backward or forward by engaging a key in the talon. It
offers little degree of security and is merely used to afford one for obtaining privacy.

Watchmen – Considered more passive as the term implies, they are to observe something and make periodic reports and sound the alarm if any unusual condition or
incident develops.

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POLICE PATROL ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION

10 Codes - Developed in 1937 and expanded in 1974 by the APCO, the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials, the 10 codes allow standardization and
brevity of message traffic. There are 200 10-Codes in current usage; approximately 50 of these are used by the police, fire and other types of radio operators, while
others have combined meanings depending on the service. Also referred to as the ten signals, they are code words used to represent common phrases in voice
communication, specifically in radio transmission.

Administration - Denotes functions that determine the basic policies, programs and objectives of an organization and the means and method to the employed to
achieve them.

Aerial/Sky Patrol - It was activated on April 20, 1996 and formally launched on May 2, 1996 for air patrol operation in NCR with three helicopters as its initial air assist
capability.

Afternoon Shift – It is usually the busiest and offers the greatest variety of activities wherein officers deployed on the afternoon shift encounter a broad range of
activities and people that make their job challenging. The afternoon shift combines the service orientation of the day shift with the criminal apprehension function of the
midnight shift.

Area - A section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts.

Attractive Nuisance - Is a known doctrine of law wherein an individual is said to be maintaining on his premise (business or residential) a condition instrumentality,
machine or other agency that is dangerous to young children because of their inability to appreciate peril.

Automobile Patrol – It is the most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police patrol.

Back Berand – Refers to a thief found with stolen goods borne on his back.

Bay and River Patrol - It is specialized being a highly operating in water maintains the common form of patrol. Also known as marine patrol.

Beat - It is an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.

Billy – A policeman’s nightstick or baton.

Bicycle Patrol - Is a type of patrol which utilizes bicycles and have a combined advantage of mobility, speed and stealth. They are easily maneuvered in crowded areas
and cheaper to operate.

Blisterfoot – Used to denote a policeman in uniform in patrol assignment.

Bloodless Emergency – An urgent and critical situation confronting a police officer where the subject is not involved in violence such as accidents, shooting incidents,
or street fights. This refers particularly to mental cases, victims of drugs, alcohol or suicidal patients.

Bureau - Largest organic unit within a large department.

Canine Units - Dogs often used in lieu of a second officer in a motorized patrol unit. They serve as supplement to the regular patrol force and allow officers to patrol
the same or greater area and may be utilized in the detection of explosives, drugs and other contrabands.

Chain of Command - It is a system which has for its purpose to ensure that orders, directive and other information are issued downward and upward through the
organizational structure in timely and uniform manner; it is also intended to help the supervision to establish and maintains necessary control over the activities of his
subordinates.

Check Point - A strategic point or area manned for uniformed policemen established to check/intercept the passage of suspect/criminals and contrabands. Also referred
to as choke points.

Column Formation – Used generally for approach to the riot area.

Community Assessment - This involves knowing the geographical location, topography, streets and people as well as the political organization in the area of
responsibility. Its objective is to create a climate of trust and understanding within the community.

Comprehensive Patrol -Kind of alternative patrol system where in the regular police patrol duties are augmented with prescribed objectives and verifiable tasks.
COPS - Community Oriented Policing System.

Crime Statistics - It is a science dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of masses of numerical data on crime.

Day Shift - This period is devoted to service activities. The people that a police officer meets during the day shift are usually law abiding and create few problems.
They often concentrate patrol efforts around parks and congested recreational areas. Officers assigned to the day shift do not do a lot of hand core crime fighting; they
tend to be more service oriented.

Decoy Patrol - This patrol method rely heavily upon disguise, deception, and lying in wait rather than upon high-visibility patrol techniques.

Desire and Opportunity - Co-existent factors in the commission of crime.

Diagonal Formation – (right or left echelon) It is a crowd control technique used to drive the mob in a given direction.

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Directed Deterrent Patrol - In this patrol method the patrol officers perform specific predetermined preventive functions on a planned and systematic basis. These
preventive activities are designed on the basis of detailed analysis of crime incidents offender’s characteristics, methods of operating, and location. It attempts to identify
certain crime trends and then develop specific patrol methods to interrupt these patterns. Ideally suited for cities which are large enough to experience crimes problems
in which patterns and characteristics can be identified.

Discretion - Refers to the wise use of one’s judgment, by utilizing personal experience and common sense to decide on the course of action to be taken for a particular
situation.

District - A geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes usually with its own stations.

District Orientation Tour – Utilized to familiarize and acquaint a policeman about the patterns and characteristics of his patrol area before he goes out on actual patrol.

Emergency Call - A kind of request for police assistance which requires the use of the flashing light and siren and may violate traffic laws provided that extreme care
is exercised.
Event Oriented Patrol - Refers to the identification of events which may require the application of intensified patrol efforts or different kinds of patrol strategies due to
the nature of the problems they may create.

Fixed Wing Aircraft Patrol – This type of patrol would afford police officers to cover vast area particularly inaccessible remote areas at the least possible time without
the hassle of refueling in cases of long distance which has to be covered.

Foot Patrol – Traditional type of patrolling which is greatly advantageous in terms of fostering police community relations. It is an integral element of many modern
community oriented policing programs. The foot patrol officer is usually able to develop a much closer relationship with the people who reside, shop or work in his beat.
He can readily identify people on the beat since they experience impersonal and direct contact with them. The various roles of an officer- information provider, assistance
giver, law enforcer, counselor and friend are facilitated by this patrol method.

Functional Organization - This organization, the performance of certain duties at all levels is controlled and directed by a separate organizational authority.
Hazard - Is any person, thing, situation or condition or place which if allowed to exist may induce an accident or cause the commission of crime.

High Visibility Patrol –The theory underlying high visibility patrol is that there are certain kinds of crimes that can be reduced by the “aura of police omnipresence.

Horse Patrol - Used for certain patrol problems in jurisdiction that contain large park areas or similar places where automobiles either cannot go or may be forbidden.

House Visitation - This function is performed by patrol units where policemen routinely visit residential houses and work places to offer crime prevention advice or to
organize community crime groups.

In-Field Preparation – The briefing conference where a patrol officer undertakes before starting his tour of duty.

Inspectional Services - Are effectively performed by foot patrolmen in uniform, as they go about their routine tasks of walking their assigned beats, they pay particular
attention to persons and things.

Law Enforcement - This embraces crime prevention and crime control role, including the customary police functions.

Leap Frog - Method where two patrol officers alternately take the lead in the search and cover each other as they progressively move on.

Location Oriented Patrol -The process of conducting intensified surveillance over selected areas that have been identified through crime analysis or through intelligence
data as being high-risk areas for the commission of selected types of crimes.

Low Visibility Patrol - Designed to increase the rate of apprehension of persons engaged in selected types of crimes. Its secondary effect is that other types of crimes
will be deterred as a result of greater probability of persons being arrested in the commission of the crime.

Malfeasance - It is the performance of some act which ought not to be done.

Marine Patrol - Water patrol units are highly specialized form of police patrol and are utilized in those communities that have access to navigable waterways such as
lakes, oceans, and rivers. They represent an extremely valuable addition the regular patrol force.

Meeting Unusual Needs – This refers to the result of intermittent and usually unexpected variations in activities, civil disturbances, special community events, disaster
plans, and civil defense.

Midnight Shift - Called “graveyard shift” to denote lack of activities or “dog watch” which suggests that it is the penalty box of police work. It is for this reason that due
to seniority the youngest and least experienced officers often ends up on this shift.

Misfeasance - It is the improper performance of some act, which might be law fully done.

Mob – Refers to a crowd which may become boisterous disorderly and may cause violence and lawlessness.

Mobile Patrol - It is the most dominant form of police patrol method. The automobile offers the patrol officer the ability to cover a large area, to respond to emergency
calls quickly, and to employ useful combination of stealth and mobility in crime prevention and the apprehension and detection of offenders.
Motorcycle - Primarily used for traffic control and enforcement their speed and maneuverability make them an indispensable police vehicle.

Nonfeasance - It is the omission of some act which ought to be performed.

Offender Oriented Patrol – Refers to the process of conducting surveillance of an individual. In this case intelligence data as well as criminal history information on
non-offenders will form the basis for the identification of targets against which patrol efforts are directed.

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Participative Law Enforcement - Locally referred to as the community oriented policing systems or cops, it now has wide applications by the PNP particularly in the
Metro Manila area. Teamwork concept between the police and the citizenry is not something new although it seems to be something new to those who are not aware
of or have forgotten the basic.

Patrol – Refers to a repeated circuit of in guarding covering a particular area. It is the only form of police service which directly attempts to eliminate the desire and
opportunity of an individual to commit misconduct.

Patrolling - It is a system of sending out of uniform policemen to conduct police visibility patrols within area of responsibility and prevent the commission of crimes.

Patrol Force – It is the single largest element in a police organization whose members patrol the streets on foot, dressed in the familiar khaki uniform, or riding a
conspicuously marked, radio-equipped patrol cars, the nature of their service brings them in direct and constant contact with the public every hour of the day, every hour
of the night, and every day and height of the year.

Patrol Hazard – A term used frequently to describe a specific condition or place that requires a patrol officer’s special attention.

Patrol Observation – Refers to constant and alert patrolling with a keen sense of observation on persons and things and is used as a gauge of efficient patrol offices.

Patrouiler – A French word which roughly means, “to travel on foot.” Origin of the word Patrol.

PCP - Refers to the present day local Police Community Precinct which evolved from the NCOB program (New Cops on the block) and from the cops (Community
Oriented Policing System) they are smaller units which were established to operate below the police station level. To develop trust, confidence, support and cooperation
between the members of the police force and the community, Police Community Precincts (PCP) has been organized in Metro Manila. In other areas of responsibility,
the COPS KABABAYAN centers have been established. The goal of this mini police department is to bring the police closer to the people they serve.

Police Omnipresence – This is a crime repression activity of the police which is accomplished by making their presence known and deploying patrol units in plain
clothes to create in the minds of the citizens that the policemen are everywhere.

Politeia - Etymology of the word police, meaning government of a city.

Post - A fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty, such as designated desk or office/ crosswalk or an intersection for traffic duty/ or spot or location
for general duty.

Precautionary Activities - These would refer to the system of vigilant duty whereby the policemen assigned thereat cope instantly with outbreak of incident or accident.
This is achieved by consultation and dialogue between the police and the residents on how to prevent similar incidents of disorder.
Proactive Patrol – Refers to an alternative patrol systems which means the fielding of the field units in their respective area of responsibility with prescribed objectives
and verifiable tasks scheduled for the day to augment the calls and other on sight activities that makes up the officer’s day.

Quadrant - Using the scene of the crime as the center of the quadrant grid, the areas to be searched is divided into four equal “pie shaped” quarters generating from
the center.

Reactive Patrol - This is a traditional patrol activity which consists of driving around the district waiting for something to happen.

Repression of Criminal and Delinquent Behavior - Subjugation of crime is generally accomplished whether by having police officers present at specific locations
maintaining a highly visible profile or by publicizing a highly active undercover operations.
Repressive Police – A style of policing which generally tends to alienate the police from the community used by rulers and government lacking popular support and
rely on this technique to maintain them in power.

Route - It is a length of streets, designated for patrol purposes also referred to as line beat.

Saturated Patrol – A technique which calls for the deployment of as many police officers as possible in a specific geographic area with known crime trend.

Section - Functional units within a particular division, necessary for specialization.

Sector - An area containing two or more boats, routes or posts.

Selective Enforcement – It refers to targeting of specific criminal activity which can be used with favorable results to respond high levels of criminal conduct. It allows
a department to maximize personnel deployment with respect to emergent crime trends with minimum impact on normal patrol operations.

Shift Rotation - Monthly or periodic duty changes to allow officer’s ability to perform at optimum capacity. Any work schedule featuring regular rotation of shifts should
take into consideration the impact biological changes made by time may have upon individuals.

Shift Scheduling - It is one of the most important tasks faced by patrol dispatchers and police administrators. It is undertaken by dividing the number of available patrol
hours into the number of hours actually devoted to call for services or other work load indicators.

Skirmisher Line – A crowd and riot control formation used in confronting the mob, to advance against it, for display of force or used to block of an area.

Special Terrain Patrol - Usually four wheel drive vehicles designed to easily maneuver and traverse with ease sandy areas such as desserts and beach fronts as well
as prone to floods. This would enable patrol officers to respond quickly to calls to emergency scenes, which may not be accessible to more conventional forms of
transportation.

Specific Deterrence – It is of crime prevention technique which has an effect to an activity of a specific individual or group.

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Split Force Patrol - A means of satisfying the needs of both preventive patrol and the demands made by calls for service.

Spot Cover - Usually a fixed post, generally at an intersectional or some other vantage point, overlooking one or more possible avenue of escape.

Street Questioning Method – This is a technique whereby policemen on patrol may interview, within the bounds of law, suspicious personalities at random in order to
serve as deterrent to those who intend to commit a crime.

Strong Points - A critical site or intersection manned by minimum of five (5) uniformed police personnel pre deployed to intercept fleeing bank robbers or criminals.

Subversives - Are persons or organization, organized to over throw legitimate government.

SWAT –Special Weapons and Tactics. A specialized mobile police assault force designed to quell threats and contain crisis.

Tactical Operation and Strategies - It is the proper utilization and deployment of the patrol force includes the design and implementation of patrol strategies and
tactical plans which are designed to meet the daily operational requirements as well as unique conditions that may arise from time to time.

Target Oriented Patrol - Strategies which are directed toward specific persons, places or events. Combining the elements of high visibility and low visibility patrol, and
directed deterrent patrol to identify persons, places or events which attract to create crime problems. Various means are then used either to deny the opportunity for the
crime to occur or to intercept the criminal in the commission of an offense.

Team Policing – Refers to a grassroots approach undertaken to bring the people and the police together in a cooperative situation. Its distinguishing feature is the
establishment of neighborhood. Crime watches groups for the purpose of encouraging the people to report crimes and to assume greater interest and responsibilities
in crime prevention and suppression.

Unit - Functional groups within a section where further specialization is needed.

Unlawful Assembly - The Recurrent conditions of civil unrest and lawlessness throughout the country make it apparent that it is possible for a major disturbances to
occur at any time or place where politically active or militant people congregate, labor, students, urban poor and other minority groups have become prominent and
dramatic in their effort to effect changes in government and society.

Wedge Formation – Used in crowd control to clear the street and splitting the mob.

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POLICE RECORDS AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

Administrative Records - These are records required in the management of the department personnel and designed to aid assignments, promotions and disciplinary
actions. Such records are so essential in administering personnel matters that they must be maintained in a police department.

Alertness - Ability to grasp ideas quickly, his response indicated that he would quickly understand the implication of complex problem and his own actions in the police
job.

Appealed Policy - This type of guideline is born when a problem arises at the lower levels of the organization and the man in charge does not know how to meet the
problem.

Arrest and Booking Records - This registry maintains the arrest and jail booking report which is required for all person arrested. It is made out in full and it bears an
arrest number for each arrest made.

Artisan - A worker who is employed in industry or who is a skilled craftsman.

Autocratic Leadership – The ability to obtain from each member of the highest quality of service which he is capable of giving by which the superior officer assumes
full accountability for all the actions and seeks obedience from his subordinates by issuing orders and commands.

Authority - Means the management is held accountable for the result arising from authority. Administrative supremacy, desired from the exercise of political power and
its basic purpose in the accomplishment of a particular goal.
Budgeting - The forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized program of operations based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency
and is a total coordinating, operating financial factors.

Career Management - Determining, planning and monitoring the career aspirations of each individual in the organization and developing them for improved productivity.

Case Records - Composed of complaints and assignment sheet and investigation report. A complaint or assignment sheet contains information concerning reports and
complaints received by a police unit from the public and the actions initiated by the police. On the other hand, an investigation report reflects the findings of an
investigating officer from inquiries and other facts and circumstances concerning the commission of a crime.

Chain of Command - It is the system which has for its purpose to ensure that orders, directives and other information are channeled downward and upward through
an organizational structure in a timely and uniformed fashion. It is also the manner through which the supervisors establish and maintain the necessary control over
subordinates.

Character Investigation - Used to determine the candidates reputation and character in his neighborhood and if his habits and attitude would make him a good prospect
for the police job.

Classification of Position - It is a grouping of positions, qualifications and tests of fitness may be used to recruit employees.

Classifying - Mentally determining the name of subject or number of which a specific record is to be filed is called classifying.

Coding - Making an identifying mark on the item to be stored to indicate what classifications it is to be filed is called coding. Maybe done by underlining, checking,
circling or marking the record in some other way.

Collective Bargaining – The process of negotiating agreements and following through in day-to-day administration.

Command Communication – Oral or written order of as superior officer to his subordinate, directly made and compliance is immediately expected.

Command Responsibility - Generally means, each ranking officers is held responsible for the acts of his subordinates.

Commanding or Ordering - Transfer of duties and responsibilities from top man to a subordinate.

Communication in Management - Refers to the transfer of ideas or instruction from one person to another.

Control – It aims at making sure that the objectives and policies of the organization are carried out according to the approved plan, organizational needs and the orders
which have been issued.
Controlling - It involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of performance and comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making
the necessary corrective actions so that work is accomplished as planned.

Coordination - It refers to the accomplishment of a pattern of group effort among working men through the harmonious adjustment or functioning of task, directed
toward a common goal.

Correspondence Files - This shall consist of sets of records of communication classified, arranged, and filed alphabetically by the subject to which they pertain.

Craft - It is a trade or occupation which required skills, manual activity, understanding of the principles of the trade, and definite period of training in the trade.

Craftsman - Refers to a skilled mechanical or manual worker who must exercise independent judgment, possess or thorough knowledge of process, and is often
reasonable for the maintenance of equipment and material.
Crime Prevention - Recognized as the primordial concern of the police organization.

Cross Reference - Refers to a notation put into a file to indicate that a record not stored in that file but in the file specified on the cross reference.

Cut - The tabs on guides and folders are said to be out according to the width of the tabs.

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Definition of Purpose - Refers to the realization of what is to be done.

Delegation - Refers to the act of investing with authority to act for another.

Democratic Leadership - The art of influencing people in which the supervisor draws ideas and suggestions from his subordinates by means of consultation and
discussion. By this type of leadership, staff members are encouraged to participate in making decisions, goals, methods, etc.

Directing - It involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the various activities in an organizing to achieve through cooperative efforts the
predetermined goals or objectives of the organization. In law enforcement, directing is the exercise of command, coordination and control.
Direction - Deals with procedures what is to be done who is to do it, when, where, and how it is to be done.

Efficiency - It is securing of maximum results with minimum effort. It is using minimum manpower and equipment to attain good results.

Employee - It includes any person in the employ of an employee. The term shall not be limited to the employee of a particular employer, unless the labor code so
explicitly states.

Employee Performance Rating - Refers to the evaluation of the traits, behavior and effectiveness of an employer on the job as determined by established work
standards, it maybe judgmental or developmental in purpose. It is judgmental if it is made a tool in decision making for promotion transfer, pay increases or termination
of employee. It is developmental in purpose when the evaluation is used to facilitate employee improvement in performance or used to improve recruitment, selection,
training and development of personnel.

Execution – Deals with the performance of tasks to be done with commensurate authority to fulfill the responsibility.

Expandable Supplies – Refers to those provisions which are consumable or perishable in nature.

Extra-Departmental Plans - These includes those strategies that requires action or assistance from persons or agencies outside the police organization or that relate
to some form of community organization.

Field Procedures - They are intended to be used in all situations of all kinds and serves as a guide to officers in the field on procedures that relate to the following:
Reporting, Dispatching, Raids, Arrests, Stopping suspicious persons, Receiving complaints, Patrolling and Conduct of investigation of crimes.

Filing - It is the actual placement of materials in a storage container, generally a folder, according to a plan. It includes the process of classifying, coding arranging,
and storing systematically so that they maybe located quietly when needed.

Filing Manual - Refers to an instructional book containing detailed information about various phases of filing and records management including rules for the procedures
used.

First Level Supervisor – In an organizational pyramid, this would refer to division chiefs.

Folder - Refers to a container in which papers or materials are kept in a filing cabinet.

Forecasting of Manpower Needs - It is the determination of the number and skills of people required for the work.

Free-Rein Leadership – It is leadership in which the commanding officer assumes minimum control but provides materials, instructions and information to his
subordinates.

Functional Organization - It divides responsibility and authority between several specialists, such as the person responsible for all training, the employee directing of
the community relations activities of all units w/in the department or the officer having line authority over any employee within the department handling a case involving
a juvenile.

General Statement of Principles - This pertains to some companies who have their policies stated in broad terms, such as statement of objectives, philosophy and
creed.

Headquarter Procedures – Usually found on the duty manual because they pertain to the responsibility of one person or one class of persons. Procedures that involve
coordinate action on activity on activity of several offices shall be established separately.

Horizontal Coordination – Involves liaisoning among the staff of the same level for the benefit of the entire organization. This is also called Lateral Coordination among
the members of the staff.

Human Resource Planning - Also known as manpower planning. Refers to a process of analyzing organizations human resources needs under changing conditions
and developing the activities necessary to satisfy these needs.

Identification Method - Refers to the third division of police records. Fingerprint records are the heart of any identification system. It provides positive identification
and the police must supplement it with a record of physical characteristics and in their records have their own series, an identification number is assigned to each
criminal to identify records relating to him.
Immovable Property - Material goods that cannot be physically transferred or moved from one place to another.

Imposed Policy - This type of policy comes from the government in the form of laws, administrative orders, and rules and procedures or contract specifications.

Improvement Plans - It is the determination of the appropriated steps to implement the human resources plan in order to insure the company has the right number and
right quality of people, properly assigned to jobs for which they are most useful.

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Inter-Office Communication – Interaction between offices at headquarters, provided through stations, off the main switch board through the direct line telephones. It
automatically directs or transmits the voice through a similar instrument on selected desk.

Inventory of Manpower - It is an analysis of the present manpower complement of the company to determine whether it has enough or less or more personnel (both
quantitatively and qualitatively is required).

Investigation Report - A document which contains the findings of and action taken by the investigating officer based on inquires made and by obtaining the available
facts of the incident.

Job - A position or a group of positions involving substantially the same duties, skills knowledge, and responsibilities or a number of workers who customarily changes
about from one position to another. It is also defined as all the tasks carried out by a particular person in the completion of his prescribed duties. “It is a solemn duty
and obligation”.

Job Analysis - Refers to the identification of the different tasks in an organization from one another in which each category is given a specific title. It is the determining
of the duties, responsibilities and skills pertinent to each job category by analyzing each position in terms of the duties and responsibilities involved and the relationship
of the job with other job.

Job Description - It is an abstract of information derived from the job analysis report, describing the duties performed, the skills, the training and done, and relation of
the job to other job in the organization.

Job Specification - Refers to the statement of the qualification and traits required of the worker so that they may perform the job properly. It specifies the type of
employee which the job call for in terms of skill, experiences, training or other special qualification.

Journeyman - Is the skilled worker actively engaged in a trade or occupation requiring apprenticeships. He is also a qualified craftsman who has mastered his trade
by serving as an apprentice.

Label - It is the tab on the folder which is often covered with a place of gunned paper that identifies the contents of the folder.

Labor Relation - Refers to the relationship existing between the management of an organization and its employees and the labor union representing the employee, if
the organization is unionized. It also refers to the effort of attaining satisfactory accommodation between labor or the employees as a group and management to settle
disagreements.

Line and Staff Police Organization - This refers to the combination of staff specialists or units with the line organization so that services of knowledge can be provided,
line and personnel by specialist.

Line Command – It is the operating authority delegated by the commander down the line thru each intermediate superior until level of execution is reached.

Line Function - Refers to the primary operational duties like patrol, investigation, vice control and traffic tasks.

Line Organization - It is often called the individual, military or departmental type of organization is the simplest and perhaps the oldest type.

Management - The process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in order to achieve a scientific management.

Management Development - Refers to assessing and determining the developmental needs of mangers for future successions.

Managerial Employee - A person who is vested with powers or prerogative to lay down and execute management policies and or to hire, transfer, suspend, layoff,
recall, discharged, assign or discipline employees, or to effectively recommend such managerial actions.
Management Plans – Preparation for equipping and putting in order the police organization to do the job rather than to its actual operation as an organized force.

Maintenance - It covers all activities intended to provide an acceptable working environment for employees. More ever it is the process of keeping materials in
serviceable condition.

Measuring Police Work Efficiently - It is the act of securing maximum results with a minimum effort. In police service it is using minimum manpower and equipment
to attain good results.

Medical Examination - It is used to determine whether the applicant or candidate is in good health and is free from defects which would disable or reduce his police
efficiency and meet the physical conditions and standards required for a law enforcement officer.

Memoranda and Circulars - Are another common means of communicating company policies to employees. They can be issued fast and they provide the greatest
assurance of reaching every employee.

Middle Management Level – They are the executives in an organizational pyramid.

Miscellaneous Records - These records which do not relate to recorded complaints and investigation reports but is informational in character.

Movable Property – Refers to those material goods that can be physically moved from one place to another.

Neuro-Psychiatric Test - Used to exclude those applicants who are emotionally and temperamentally unstable, psychotic and suffering from mental disorder.

Non-Expandable Supplies – Are those provisions which are durable in nature when used, do not suffer any materials or substance change or alteration in form or
substance.

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Office Procedures - The two principal office procedures are records division operation and reporting regulations. The records division operation makes important an
assurance that each task is performed in the manner prescribed. On the other hand, reporting regulations assist the office on what forms are to be used for a particular
purpose, the number of copies to be made and where they are to be routed.

Occupation - It refers to a collection of job which is sufficiently similar with regard to their main task to be grouped together under a common title.

Operational Plans - Refers to the work programs of the line divisions.

Organization - It is the arrangement of people with common purpose and objective in a manner to enable the performance of related tasks by individuals grouped for
the purpose. This organization can be functional, line and staff, etc., depending on the objectives and functions of organization.

Organized Training - Is the means by which officers are provided with the knowledge and the skills they receive to perform their multiple complex duties.

Originated Policy - This type of procedure comes from the board of directors or the president and is intended to set up guidelines in the operation of the firm.

Performance Management - This includes analyzing, improving and monitoring the performance of each and of the organization as a whole.

Personal Interview - It is used to determine whether or not the candidate’s pattern of personality traits is suitable for police work.

Personal Responsibility – Refers to that obligation imposed by law and regulation on any morals of the PNP for the proper use, maintenance and care of supplies
entrusted to them.

Personnel Administration – Is the development of people, promotion of their welfare and benefits as to the primary component of the police force.

Personnel Management - It is defined as that area of management concerned with human relations.

Personnel Planning - Refers to a study of the labor supply of jobs which are composed with the demands for employees in an organization to determine future
personnel requirements which either increases or decreases.

Personnel Program - Refers to the activities programmed to implement the organizational philosophy or creed and the personnel philosophy of central managers in
elations to people so as to accomplish organizational objectives.
Personnel Records - It is a file showing the history of each police officer, both prior and subsequent to joining the force it is indispensable.

Physical Agility Test - It is used to determine whether or not the applicant possess the required coordination strength, and speed of movement necessary for police
service. Also Known as Physical Ability Test.

Placement - Refers to the process of making an employee adjusted and knowledgeable in a new job and or working environment.

Planning - It is the determination in advance how the objectives of the organization will be trained. It involves the determination of a course of action to take in performing
a particular function or activity.

Police Administration – Is the direction of the police organization or a part of it, and the application of its various resources in such a way as to carry out its functions
efficiently and effectively.

Police Management – Is the act, method or art of administering, controlling or conducting a police unit or force.

Policy - Defined as a general plan of action that serves as guide in the operation of a company. They are tools of management which give life and direction to the
program of activities and set the limits within which action is to be pursued by the personnel concerned.

Policy Formulation – Involves what are to be done in the form of orders or broad statement of action.

Policy Manual - It covers all personnel policies and procedures, if made available to managers and supervisors, will be a great help in their decision-making and
employees relationship.

Potential – The overall gross worth and capability of a candidate to assume a higher position and greater responsibility based on tangible past performance.

Position - It is defined as a group of tasks duties and responsibilities regularly assigned to and performed by a person. Used to indicate work of a mental and clerical
character, performed by a professional.

Probationary Appointment - Given to an applicant who possesses the appropriate illegibility for position of PO1, who shall serve a probationary period of six (6) months
following his original appointment.

Procedural Plans - They are outlined and officially adopted as the standard method of action to be followed by all members of the department under specified
circumstances.

Procedures - Are series of steps for the orderly arrangement of or records which include alphabet, geographic, numeric, and subject of chronological.

Professional Employees - Refers to those individuals whose work is predominantly non-routine and intellectual in character.

Proper Incentives - Include reasonable pay allowances, promotion, assignments, career development, guidance and fair equitable disciplinary.

Property Accountability – It is the primary obligation imposed by law and regulation on the supply accountable, office to keep forward record of supplies.

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Questionnaire Method - Each employee is given a set of questions, in answering this, they describes his job, its operations, his duties and his responsibilities.

Rank and File – Refers to ordinary employees who make up to majority or base portion of an organizational pyramid.

Record Cycle – Refers to the lifespan of a record from creation until disposition.

Recruitment - Refers to the process of encouraging job applicants from outside an organization to seek employment in an organization.

Repair – The act to restore or place the unserviceable to a condition by replacing or adjusting damage parts, assemblies or components.

Reporting - Refers to the making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigation and unusual events in order to keep every one informed of the current
conditions.

Responsibility - Means the management is held accountable for the result arising from authority.
Second Level Supervisor – They are the section chiefs in an organizational pyramid.

Selection - It is the process of determining the most qualified job applicant or employees for a given position in a company.

Scientific Management - Is a type of management which is characterized and guided by the used of scientific approaches to the solution of managerial problem in
business and industry.

Score - Is an indented or raised line the bottom edge of a folder.

Span of Control - Is a principle or doctrine governing the ability of one man to direct, coordinate and control immediate subordinates.

Specific Rules - Covers specific situations. They are more direct and are less flexible. They are more rigid in nature.

Special Operating Procedures – Special operating procedures- included in such guidelines are crime scene search, preservation and investigation, dissemination of
information concerning wanted persons, organization and operation of police support units and the like.

Staffing - It is the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men for the right job.

Statement of Procedures - This pertains to procedures to be taken in certain situations and is narrower in space than statement principles.

Supervision – Deals with the assistance and guidance given to subordinates to ensure successful performance.

Supplies – Refers to both expandable and non-expandable commodities.

System - As used in records storage means any plan of filing devised by filing equipment manufacturers.

Tab - Refers to the portion of a guide or of a folder that extends above the regular height of the folder or the guide.

Tactical Force - It is a mobile striking force of value in those situations which calls for a saturation of an area either to prevent the outbreak of a criminal activity or
racial, religious or national conflict.

Tactical Plans - These plans are restricted to methods of action to be taken at a designated location and under specific situation.

Task - Defined in the Rules and Regulations implementing the Labor Code, refers to a major element of work or combination of elements by means of which a specific
result is achieved.

Temporary Appointment - Wherein case of temporary vacancy caused by a member who goes on leave without pay or who commutes his leave, a temporary
appointment may be extended to an applicant who posses the necessary qualification during the existence of the vacancy.

Testing - Checking the ability of the applicant to perform the operation or to apply the knowledge in a new situation.

Top Management Level – They are the policy makers and administrators occupying the peak of an organization pyramid.

Trade - Refers to any industrial; craft or artisan occupation which is officially or traditionally recognized as requiring special qualification which can be acquired by
lengthy training experience and practical and theoretical instruction.

Trade Test - Refers to examination or test to determine whether a person meets the standards of a particular trade.

Tradition - An act of delivering or surrendering something to another or the transmission of knowledge and institutions through successive generations without written
instruction.

Training – Acquisition or finishing prescribed courses for the rank or its equivalent courses.

Training and Development - Refers to any method used to improve the attitudes, knowledge, skill or behavior or pattern of an employee for adequate performance of
a given job. It is a day-to-day, year round task.

Unit - The names, initials, or words used in determining the alphabetic order of filed materials are called units.
Unity of Command - Refers to a principle in police service that one man is in complete command of each situation and only one man in direct command or supervision
of each officer.

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Vertical Coordination – Authority from the top management or executive delegated the line through each level of management to its first – line supervisor.

Wasserman – An examination that should be undertaken before permanent appointment.

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POLICE INTELLIGENCE AND SECRET SERVICE

Accommodation Address – Is the forwarding address of agent’s mail packages other communications.

Active Measures – Operations intended to influence or otherwise affect other nation’s policies. Active measure, both overt and covert, consist of a broad range of
activities including manipulation or control of the media, written or oral disinformation, clandestine radio broadcasting and other related activities.

AFP – Armed Forces of the Philippines

After Mission Report – Account submitted immediately upon completion of mission by an undercover agent.

Agent – A person who engages in spying or in support of those who do, or who seeks to detect them. And whose primary objective is to obtain information pertaining
to processes, activities, movements or operations of others.

Agitator – A person or group of person whose mission is to cause discontent among the population.

Agriprof – A person or group of persons tasked to agitate and spread propaganda among the population usually for a certain cause.

Analysis – Shifting and isolating elements which have significance in light of the mission.

Anthrax - Single celled bacterial organism capable of forming spores. Used as a biological weapon producing pneumonia like symptoms.

Anti-Terrorism – Defensive measures used to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts.

Area of Operation – Aspect of the operational environment exclusive of the military forces involved.

Assimilate – To be absorbed into the system of a foreign society.

Assumptions – Accepting some things as being factual although not entirely thus proven.

Audio Surveillance – Checking on persons by listening thru wire-tapping or use of electronic eavesdropping equipment to pick up conversations of persons and their
associates.

Bag Man – One who collects illicit or illegal money such as ransom in kidnapping, delivering bribe money thru middleman.

Bigot List – A registry of names of all persons with authorized access to sensitive information. This ensures that all certified personnel reading sensitive document have
a true “need to know: with regard to the information contained therein.

Bird – Slang for an informer.

Black Bag Operations - In this covert maneuvers, agents illegally entered offices of targeted individuals and/or organizations, and photographed information found in
their records. This practice was used by the FBI from 1942 until 1967. Director Hoover in July 1966 ordered the practice discontinued, and he again restated his position
in January 1967.

BSIS - British Secret Intelligence Service

Bug – A surveillance device which requires a communications channel. A "bug" usually involves a radio transmitter, in which the user can pick up the data from poorly
configured wireless computer networks or tune in to the radio emissions of a computer monitor.

BW - Biological Warfare, involves the use of diseases to debilitate population, food or livestock.

BWC – Biological Weapons Convention which prohibits developing, producing and stockpiling bacteriological and toxin weapons.

CBI (complete background investigation) – Detailed check on an individual’s activity from the town a person was born and life 15 years ago.

CCTV — Closed-circuit television with which the picture is viewed or recorded, but not broadcasted. It was initially designed as a means of security for banks. Today it
has developed to the point where it is simple and inexpensive enough to be used in home security systems, and for everyday surveillance.

CIA- Central Intelligence Agency (USA) Federal body responsible for the evaluation and dissemination of foreign intelligence within government.

Cipher – A code or secret message which takes the form of an innocent text.

CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States, established in 1991 following the disintegration of the Soviet Union. There are 12 member states namely: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Georgia.

Clandestine Activities – Action used to accomplish intelligence, counter intelligence and other similar activities, sponsored or conducted by government, all
departments in such a way to guarantee secrecy or concealment.

Clandestine Operation – An operation conducted in secrecy, but with no effort to disguise its nature.

Classified Matters – Information in any form, which, in the interest of national security, must be safeguarded in the manner and to the extent required by its importance.

Clipping Service – Publications of local and foreign news cut and posted with captions.

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Close Tail – Is one in which extreme pre-cautions are taken against losing the subject.

COINTELPRO – Counter Intelligence Program was a program of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident
political organizations within the United States.

Collation – Refers to the process of organizing raw data into usable form grouping of similar items of information.

Collection Agency – Is an individual organization or a unit that knows and exploits to source of information.

Combat Intelligence – Refers to the intelligence utilized in designing plans and conducting tactical and administrative operations. It includes knowledge of the enemy
characteristics of operations used in the planning and conduct of tactical operations.
COMINT– Communication Intelligence.

Communication – The process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more persons, usually with the intent to motivate or influence others.

Communications System – The imparting or exchange of information or data by electronic or other means.

Community Relations Program – Program that evaluates public attitudes identifies the mission of organization with public interest and executes a program of action
to earn public understanding and acceptance.

Confidential – Document information or material wherein the unauthorized disclosure of which while not endangering national security would be prejudicial to interest
or prestige of the nation.

Confidential Informer – A person who secretly provides information with the understanding that his identity will not be divulged and that he will be compensated either
in money or favor.

Counter Insurgency – Aspect of intelligence devoted to destroy the effectiveness of inimical enemy intelligence activities to protect information from espionage,
individual against subversion and installation or material against sabotage. Military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological and civic actions taken by the
government to defeat subversive insurgency.

Counter Intelligence – Activities concerned with identifying and countering the threat to security post by hostile intelligence services or organizations or by individuals
engage in espionage, sabotage or subversion.

Counter Subversion – Aspect of counter intelligence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize or prevent subversive activities through identification, exploitation,
penetration, manipulation, deception and depression of individuals, groups or organizations conducted or suspected of conducting subversive activities.

Counter Surveillance - Reliant on good information security planning. Protecting information is the first stage of counter-surveillance.

Counter Terrorism – Offensive measures taken to respond to terrorist acts.

Cover – It is the change forging and screening of person’s real personality, things, events and places.

Cover Operative – Spies who enjoys diplomatic immunity.

Covert Intelligence – Information gathering which are clandestine in nature.

Covert Operations – Operations which are so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of or permit plausible denied by the sponsor or concealment of the
identity of sponsor.

Criminal Intelligence – Information of knowledge about person or organization engaged in illegal activities.

Criminality – Relating to crime and the degree thereof.

Crypt - Something that is concealed or hidden.

Cryptography - Art and Science of making, devising and protecting codes and ciphers.

CSIS - Canadian Security Intelligence Service, set up in 1984 under the Canada Security Intelligence service Act.

CW- Chemical Warfare

Dead Drop - A dead drop or dead letter box, is a location used to secretly pass items between two people, without requiring them to meet. Spies have been known to
use dead drops, using various techniques to hide the items and to signal that the drop has been made.

Dead Drop Spike – It is concealment device similar to a microcache which has been used since the late 1960s to hide money, maps, documents, microfilm, and other
items. The spike is waterproof and mildew-proof and can be shoved into the ground or placed in a shallow stream to be retrieved at a later time.

Debriefing – An interview with personnel from a mission or captivity to get information of particular interest.

Deception - An attempt to mislead another generally as to its capabilities and intention to confuse enemy about one’s plan and intension.

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Decoy Vehicle – In a convoy deployments it is an identical vehicle with that of the vehicle where the principal may be located, it usually tails or fronts the principal’s
vehicle.

Deduction – Formulation of a conclusion from a theory which was tested and considered valid.

Defector - A person who turns away or against his allegiance to the government.
Defector in Place - Person who turns himself against the government but not physically deserted his country.

Demented – A quirk personality, bothered information.

Departmental Intelligence – Intelligence needed by a government in order to execute its mission or discharge its responsibilities.

DES - Data Encryption Standard. DES was based on LUCIFER and makes use of the computer binary code consisting of 0's and 1's (see Computer). Each unit is called
a bit. DES transforms 64-bit message into 64-bit segments of cipher-text, using a 56-bit key. Each user randomly selects a key and reveals it only to those persons
authorized to see the protected data. The actual message is encoded and decoded automatically by electronic devices attached to the sending and receiving computers.

DIA – Defense Intelligence Agency – U.S.A.

DIS – Defense Intelligence Staff – BRITAIN

Dissemination – The distribution of information or intelligence products in written, oral or graphic form to intelligence customers.

DND – Department of National Defense – PHIL.

Document Intelligence – Assembling, analyzing and disseminating information about those individual or groups whose interest is the overthrow of a democratic
country.

Drop – Is a convenient secure and unsuspecting place to live a note or small package where an item can be handed to an agent.

Duress Code - A type of coded system used as internal defense which uses certain word in casual conversation alarming the personnel concern.

Economic Intelligence – Deals with the extended utilization of the natural and human resources and the industrial potential of the nation.

ELINT - Electronic Intelligence.

Escort Vehicle – In a convoy deployment, it is usually located at the front and back of the group.

Espionage - It is the practice of spying on other countries, places or facilities in the course of systematic and logical collection or gathering information in secret. The
very nature of data sought is inimical to the survival or interest of a nation, organization or company.

Ethnic Extremism - Small minority groups who falsely use their ethnicity for selfish political gains.

Evaluation – Appraisal of information with regards to its accuracy.

Evaluation Rating – Each item is indicated by standard evaluation system, the reliability of source and agency is shown by letter and accuracy is manifested in numbers.

Eye – A slang term for a person conducting surveillance on a specific person.

Family Background – It includes the name, background, residences, reputation of the parents including the siblings.

Farm – Central Intelligence Agency training facility.

False Flag – Refers to covert or clandestine operations conducted by governments, companies, corporations or other organizations, which are designed to appear as
if they are being carried out by other entities. The name is derived from the military concept of flying false colors; that is, flying the flag of a country other than one's own.

Fear – Afraid of law violated and their criminal associates.

Financial Capability – The state of funding or monetary ability of a country, company, organization or any private person which may be inferred from income tax
returns, professional fee, assets and liabilities.

Financial Intelligence Experts – Individuals who by virtue of their official capacity tracks down laundered money amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars under
different local, and offshore accounts and names.

Fixed Surveillance – Residence, place of work, place frequented or visited.

Flowcharting – A technique used in data description, which visualizes event or commodity flow over a given period.

Foreign Internal Defense – Participation by civilian and military government agencies in any of the action programs taken by another government to free and protect
its society and sovereignty.

Front Group – Movements organized to promote a cause of insurgent group.

FTO - Foreign Terrorist Organization

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Gain – To obtain privilege inside the cell.

Geographical Intelligence – Is the evaluation of environmental factors which in any way influence the courses of action of a nation.

General Principles - Are fundamental guides to actions, broad statement of truth from which others is derived.

Geneva and Hague Conventions – Laws governing warfare and the engagement thereof.

GOST - The Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher. GOST has a 64-bit block size and a key length of 256 bits. Its S-boxes can be secret,
and they contain about 512 bits of secret information, so the effective key size can be increased to 768 bits; however, a chosen-key attack can recover the contents of
the S-Boxes in approximately 232 encryptions.

GPS - Global Positioning System.

Gratitude – Information is given as an expression of appreciation to a police officer.

Guerilla Warfare – Irregular combat waged independently by small insurrectionist bodies.

Hackers – Refers to persons breaking into a computer system.

HUMINT – Human Source Intelligence

IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency

ICT – International Center for Terrorism

IMINT - Imagery Intelligence

Industrial Intelligence – Is the gathering information about product manufacturing technique, processes from manufacturing formulas that cannot and can be used of
value or advantage.

Infiltration – Is the penetration of an agent to an intelligence target either in the land, air, or sea, either through mechanical or electronic devices.

Informants – Is an individual who supplies information of confidential basis with the understanding that his identity will not be mistaken.

Information – Is a communicated knowledge, a raw data or unprocessed intelligence. It is the bloodline of intelligence.

Information Procurement Division – A component of the central intelligence service which is divided into the intelligence proper, secret intelligence and intelligence
operations unit.

Information Technology – The hardware, software, telecommunications, data base management and other technologies used to store, process and distribute
information.

Informative Communication – Pertaining to up and down and lateral flow of communication necessary for administrative effectiveness or the smooth flow of information.

Insurgency – A condition arising from a revolt or insurrection against a duly constituted government, which falls short of a civil war. It is an organized movement aim at
the overthrow of a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict.

Integration – Hypothesis developed and considered valid as a result of such activity. It is the process of combining the information isolated in analysis and known
element to form logical theory or picture.

Intelligence Community – Conglomeration of all intelligence units and agencies in a country composed of civilians, military and quasi-military organizations.

Intelligence Estimate – Written study of the situation and conditions of a crime situation with the recommended courses of actions.

Intelligence Journal – A chronological log of activities.

INTERPOL – An acronym for the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO). Where member countries assist one another in the pursuit of suspected criminals
and terrorists.

Interpretation – Result of critical judgment involving three factors namely analysis, integration and deduction. It is the determination of the significance of the intelligence
data in relation to other data at hand.

Internal Defense – The full of measures taken by a government to free and protect its own society from subversion, lawlessness and insurgency.

IPP - Internationally Protected Persons

ISAFP – Intelligence Service, Armed Forces of the Philippines

ISTAR - Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition, and Reconnaissance.

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Kill Zone – A point or specific area where a possible attack to a principal or VIP may be executed.

Leap Frog – Variation of tailing which concentrate on the subject and guards the surveilant and the subject.

Legislative Records – Registry of law making bodies (House of Congress, Senate, City, provincial boards)

Line Intelligence – Any processed information coming from open and covert sources that affect police agencies, operations and harmony with the community and other
government agencies.

Link Analysis – A technique used to show the relationship between individuals and organizations by means of visual graphic design.

Loose Surveillance – On and off continuous close shadowing of the subject.

Loose Tail – Casual observation of the subject in which general impression of the subject’s habit and associates is determined.

Low Intensity Conflicts – A limited political- military struggle to achieve political, social, economic or psychological objectives confined in geographic area.

LUCIFER – Developed in the early 1970’s it is a crypto-system that used both substitution and transposition.

MILINT or MI - Military Intelligence

Military Intelligence – Refers to the use of processed information in formulating military plans, programs and policies.

Mission Order – Duty slip in which all personnel on undercover operations shall carry at all times it must be duly approved by their immediate supervisors and filled
appropriately with their respected offices.

National Intelligence – Covers the broad aspects of national policy and national security. It is concern to more than one dependent and transcends exclusives interest
of a single department or agency.

Nerve Agent - A chemical agent that interferes with the central nervous system.

NICA – National Intelligence Coordinating Council

NOC – Non Official Cover is a term used in espionage (particularly by the CIA) for agents or operatives who assume covert roles in organizations without ties to the
government for which they work. Such agents or operatives are typically abbreviated in espionage lingo as a NOC (pronounced "knock").

NPT - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

NSC – National Security Council

Objectives – Specific results an expertise seeks to achieve in pursuing its basic mission.

OIR – Other Intelligence Requirements – additional information.

Order of Battle - Intelligence list containing the main or primary threat to a nation’s security and peace and order.

Ordinary Informer – Usually gives, but expects in return favor or money.

Organization – Is the arrangement of person with a common purpose. It is the division and unification of effort toward the same goal or policy.

Organized Crimes - Is a combination of two or more persons for the purpose of establishing by terror, threat, intimidation or conception in the city or municipality or
any community of either monopoly or criminal activities in a field that provides continuing financial support.

OSCINT - Open Source Intelligence.

Operations – It performs the line functions, establishment of contracts, recruitment of informers/informants, execution of intelligence plans.

Overt Intelligence – Processed information produced openly.

Para Military Forces – Force that the distinct from the regular armed forces of any country but resemble them in organization, equipment, training or mission.

PBI - Partial background investigation for record and employment check.

Peace Time Contingency – Politically sensitive military operations normally characterize by the short term rapid projections or employment of forces in condition short
of conventional war.

Personal Circumstances – Includes the name, date of birth, place of birth, age, city and provincial address, civil status and the like pertaining to the target ort subject.

PHOTINT – Photographic Intelligence

Planning – Is a process of developing a method, procedure or an arrangement of parts to achieve a defined objective more easily.

PLO - Palestinian Liberation Organization.

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PNP – Philippine National Police.

Police Intelligence – It is the gathering of information regarding the activities of the criminal and their law violators for the purpose of effecting their arrest obtained
evidence of their activities and for stalling their plans to commit crime.

Police Intelligence Operations – It includes discovery, identification activity, surveillance, liaisons, programs, informant management.

Police Intelligence Process – Refers to the cyclical steps followed from intelligence planning to the dissemination of processed information.

Political Intelligence – Deals with the structure of government, the electorate, national policies and foreign relations of governmental organizations, public order and
safety, subversion, intelligence and security organization.

Principal Vehicle – In a convoy deployment it is the object of protection where the VIP may be located.

Private Sources – Business establishments as spring of information (e.g. telecom, leading companies, insurance companies, hotels and restaurants)

Principle of Communication – Intelligence is adequate to their needs, it must be communicated to all the decision maker in manner that they will understand and in
form that will permit the most effective use.

Principle of Objectives – Intelligence must be based on the decision makers own plans and intentions as much as on considerations of the intelligence target
themselves.

Processing – A step by which the intelligence is transformed from raw facts or materials to intelligence data.

Propaganda – Psychological techniques designed to alter control opinions, ideas and values.

Psychological Operation – Planned activity in peace and war directed towards enemy, friendly and neutral audiences in order to create an attitudes behavior favorable
to the achievement of political and military objective. Psychological warfare which encompasses: Political, Military, Economic, Ideological, Information activities.

Psychological Warfare – The planned used of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes
and behavior of the hostile groups to support the achievement of national objectives.

Psychological Warfare Consolidation – Operations directed towards populations in the friendly rear areas on the territory occupied by friendly force. Used to facilitate
military operation and promote maximum cooperation.

Public Records Sources – Spring of information from government institution (e.g. hospital, public libraries, civil service, police stations, NBI, different bureaus, AFP,
intelligence organization and other offices.)

Rabbit – Refers to the subject or person being followed in a surveillance operation.

RADINT – Radar Intelligence

Recon Vehicle – Also known as a counter attack vehicle in a convoy deployment it fronts the principal’s vehicle to neutralize all possible threats.

Recording – Act of reducing of information to writing

Reform Motive – Repenting for wrong and wants to set a straight record.

Rehabilitation – Restoration of a normal life by specially training programs, also restoration to former privileges when training is satisfactory when training is satisfactory
completed.

Research – Systematic investigation in order to establish facts and research conclusions; an endeavor to discover new, or a subject, or topic by a course of critical
investigation.

Restricted – Document information or material other than top secret or confidential which should not be published or communicated to augment except for official
purpose.

Revenge – A motive induced by grudge to get even with by giving false, bogus and exaggerated information to law enforcers which is detrimental to the interest of
another.

Rough Shadowing – Criminal is aware that ha is being tailed, witness that should be protected.

Sabotage – A willful and malicious destruction of natural processes and functions of a plant, installation or premises.

Saboteur – A person or group of person designed to carry out sabotage act.

Safe House – Is a place or building enclosed mobile or apartment where police undercover and operatives meet for purpose of the briefing or plainly to report.

Sarin - A G-series nerve agent (gas)

Scientific Intelligence – Deals with the progress of scientific research and development as it affects a nation potential.

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Security Clearance – An administrative or directorial determination that an individual is eligible from a security standpoint for access to a classified matter of specific
category.

Shield Vehicle – A heavily armored vehicle located at the side of the principal’s vehicle.

SIGINT - Signals Intelligence, extracted from various types of communication.

Snippet – Fragment of information

Security Intelligence – Investigation of actual or theoretical violation of espionage laws with a purpose of apprehending violator.

Secret – Document information or material wherein the unauthorized disclosure of which endangers national security cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of
the nation or any governmental activity or would be great advantage to a foreign nation.

Shadowing or Tailing - The act of following person (overtly or covertly).

Sociological Intelligence – Interest centers with the study of population and manpower or demography, national characteristics labor, public opinion and public welfare.

Strategic Intelligence - Refers to the process of gathering information designed to disturb and disrupt enemies’ state of finances and destroy the stability and foundation
of its organization. Knowledge pertaining to the capabilities, vulnerabilities and probable courses of action of foreign nation.

Subject – Is a person or place or object being surveyed or watched.

Subversion - An organized and systematic conspiracy designed to discredit and overthrow duly constituted authorities.

Subversive – Agitators, propagandist, infiltrators, organizers, front group mobs, paper organization, activities, terrorists and saboteurs.

Subversive Activities – Activities designed to disrupt or even overthrow ruling parties or government.

Subversive Intelligence – Assembling, analyzing and disseminating information about those individual or groups whose interest is the overthrow of a democratic
country.

Supervisory – Overseeing of administrative work and not supervising operating units.

Surveilant – Is a person or group who does the surveillance works.

Surveillance – Is the discreet observation of places, person, and vehicle for the purpose of information concerning the activities of the target on the subject.

Tactical Intelligence – Targets criminal activity considered to be of immediate importance to law enforcement units. It furnishes the police about an individual,
organization and their type of activities.
Targets – Person, places and organizations, which are objects of police interest due to their criminal activities.

Target Selection – First phase in the process of identifying criminals and subversive elements. It involves utility, probability of success, required resources and
objectives.

Technical Intelligence – Concerns the foreign technical developments, which have practical military application and the practical performance, capabilities and
limitations of materials and installation used by foreign military forces.

Telecommunication Intelligence – Is concerned with the operations and facilities of long distance communication media including telegraph, telephone, radio, satellite,
television and other electronic communications.

Terrorism – A crime committed by any person who perpetrate an act punishable under any of the following provisions of the Revised Penal Code which are as follows:
Piracy in General or Mutiny in the High Seas or in the Philippine Waters; Rebellion or Insurrection; Coup D’ Etat, Murder, Kidnapping or Serious Illegal Detention;
Crimes Involving Destruction; or under the Law on Arson (PD 1613); Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 (RA 6969); Atomic
Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968(RA 5207); Anti Hijacking Law(RA 6235); Anti-Piracy and Anti Robbery Law of 1974(PD 532) and ; Decree Codifying on
Illegal and Unlawful Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition and Disposition of Firearms, Ammunitions or Explosives (PD 1866) thereby sowing and creating
a condition of widespread and extra-ordinary fear and panic among the populace in order to coerce the government to give into an unlawful demand.

Top Secret – Certain document information or material wherein the security and defense aspects of which are paramount and which unauthorized disclosure would
cause exceptionally great damage to the nation.

Transportation and Telecommunication Intelligence – It is concerned with operations and facilities of transportation system.

Undercover Assignment – It is a strategy wherein a member of a police organization joins the underworld for the purpose of obtaining evidence or gathering of
information against the criminals and criminal organization.

Utility – Refers to the type of criminal activity, amount and frequency of criminal activity and its impact.
White Propaganda – Open activity to clear out government image.

WMD - Weapons of Mass Destruction.

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