International Journal for Research in ISSN: 2349-8889

Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Volume-8, Issue-3 (May 2021)

www.ijrasb.com https://doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.3.21

Diversity Assessment of Major Insect Orders in Parvati Aranga Bird

Sanctuary District Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India
Balwant Singh1, Sakshi Tripathi2 and Jaya Devi3
1
Guest Faculty and Head, Department of Zoology, B. P. P.G. College Narayanpur, Maskanwa Gonda-271305 (UP), INDIA
2
Post Graduate Student, Department of Zoology, B. P. P.G. College Narayanpur, Maskanwa Gonda-271305 (UP), INDIA
3
Post Graduate Student, Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226025 (UP),
INDIA
1
Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT account of living insects (Foottit and Adler 2009).

An assessment study was conducted on the Insecta is the most populous animal class on earth with
abundance and diversity of insect species in Parvati estimates of over 90% of life on earth falling it (Reuther
Aranga Bird Sanctuary District Gonda, Uttar 2012). The insects are considerably estimated to
Pradesh. The present study was aimed to determine comprise more than 75% of the known speciesof the
the species richness, dominance and evenness of animals. In an ancient estimation from book “Indian
insect fauna from study area. The assessment was Insect Life” reported 25700 species in India (Djamila et
carried out during the month of November 2020 to al. 2019) whereas, Nandani and Murali (2014) estimated
April 2021. A total number of 296 insects from 156 insects from India have 619 families of 59353 species.
species, 31 families and 5 Order were recorded. This Insects are not only diversified on terrestrial habitat but
assessment shows that Coleoptera (33.97%) was most also inhabit diverse freshwater ecosystem about 45000
dominant order and followed by Lepidoptera species of insects worldwide (Balram 2005, Rajnish &
(25.64%), Orthoptera (14.74%), Diptera (14.74%) Nirupam 2012). About 751000 insect species known
and Hymenoptera (10.26%) according to total which are about three fourth of all recorded animals
number of species. A number of statistical indices species on planet (Majumdar 2013, Bindulekha &
were used to determine the Dominance, Richness, Amalnath 2017, Roopam & Nita 2016, Ramar et al.
Evenness and Diversity. The study supposed to the 2018). Insects are also form more than half of the known
first report of insect diversity in study is and becomes global biodiversity. They inhabit all habitat types and
useful information on those aspects to be documented play major roles in the function and stability of terrestrial
for future references. and aquatic ecosystems (Okrikata & Yusuf 2019, Ramar
et al. 2018). In insects has some specified group like
Keywords- Diversity Assessment, Insect Diversity, Beetals (Coleoptera) is most diverse insect group of all
Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary. animals with more than 350000 described species and
about 15088 species were recorded from India (Pawara
et al. 2014, Aland et al. 2012) whereas butterflies are
I. INTRODUCTION most taxonomically studied group with worldwide more
than 28000 species and about 1508 species were
Insect are the most abundant and diverse animal recorded from India (Aiswarya et al. 2014). Rasina et al.
group on Earth which belong to largest class of Insecta (2014) estimates of global insect species richness vary
in under the largest animal phylum Arthropoda. They from less than 5 million to as many as 80 millions. The
characterized by three pair of legs, two pair of wings and conservation of insect diversity is there for a topic of
body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Insects global importance. The insect diversity of Parwati Arga
are further categorized into two sub classes, Apterygota Bird Sanctuary is unknown till date. Therefore this study
(Primitively wingless insects) and Pterygota (Insects was conducted to evaluate and assess the insect
with wing) (Miller et al. 2000). They are performing population and diversity health (Ecological health) in
several direct and indirect crucial roles to performing life study area with suppose of first report of Parvati Aranga
process in ecosystem like pollination, agricultural pest Bird Sanctuary.
and important bioindicators of environmental changes.
Economically they provide different materials such as II. METHODOLOGY
lac, silk, honey, wax etc. that have worldwide high value
(Debdas et al. 2013, Khadijah et al. 2013). 2.1 Study Area
Taxonomically insects are divided into 29 orders in The present study was done in Parvati Aranga
which Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Bird Sanctuary in Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh (India)
Lepidoptera covers almost 81% insect species of total with an area covering 1084.47 Hectares (10 Km2). It was

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declared as Bird Sanctuary on 23rd May 1990 and their area located at a 26o 48’-27o N longitude and 81o 37’-82o
management undertaking by the Forest Department. Bird E latitude. The Sanctuary harbours a rich floral and
Sanctuary has vast area of vegetation with two large faunal diversity and is home for several rare and
lakes in Hoof shaped (Cow’s foot). Geographically study migratory faunas (Fig.1).

Fig. 1: Map of Study Area (Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary)

2.2 Sampling and Data Collection transferred into jars that contained cotton soaked in
Sampling of Insects was conducted between Chloroform (Trichloromethane) and then transported to
09:00 to 12:00 (light period) and 05:00 to 08:00 (dark the laboratory where the insects were mounted and
period) at 7 day intervals during November 2020 to pinned using insect pins. The samples were then
April 2021. The insects were collected using the hand preserved and after which they were set in wooden boxes
collection, light attractant and sweep sampling methods. in dry condition and labeled according to their
To ensure that sampling was conducted in a consistent, taxonomic position. (Joshi et al. 2008, Nandani and
systematic manner, a randomly selected 3 study sites Murali 2014).
each of 100 m2 area. The collected insects were
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2.3 Species identification Dominance percentages in families of different orders

The collected insect specimen (species) were shown in Graph (Fig. 2 to 6). Diversity indices,
identified based on Filippini et al. 2016, Nair et al. 2012, Abundance, Richness and Evenness for five different
Alford 1999, Balaram 2005, Chote 2003, Chote 2004, orders were calculated. Species Richness Index was
Foster and Obermeyer 2010, Goulet and Huber 1993, higher in Coleoptera (2.267) with heist Dominance
Gullan and Cranston 3rd Edition, Hutton 2011, Pescador Index (0.835) while Lower Richness Index reported in
et al. 2000, Merritt and Cummins 1988, Resh and Carde Diptera (0.637) with lowest Dominance Index (0.664).
2003 and also used some websites such as Highest Simpson’s Index of Diversity was reported
www.gbif.org, www.discoverlife.org, www.cabi.org, Diptera (0.336) followed by Orthoptera (0.328) while
www.indiabiodiversity.org, www.antwiki.org, lowest in Coleoptera (0.164) followed by Lepidoptera
www.ifoundbutterflies.org, (0.261). In all five orders, Hymenoptera were observed
www.orthoptera.speciesfile.org, with moderate Simpson’s Index of Diversity (0.283).
www.animaldiversity.org. The Shannon’s Index of Diversity varied from 1.054 to
2.4 Data Analysis 1.955. The maximum Shannon’s Index reported of
The type of insect diversity used here is α- Coleoptera (1.955) and the minimum of Diptera (1.054).
diversity, which is the diversity of species within a Evenness Index of species also varied from 0.9592 to
particular habitat. Statistical data analysis done by auto 0.7307. The highest Evenness Index reported of Diptera
calculation through website www.alyoung.com and were (0.9592) and lowest of Orthoptera (0.7307). Other than
explained different indices like Simpson’s index, these, were Reciprocal Simpson’s Index, Inverted
Simpson's Reciprocal Index, Dominance index, Berger-Parker Dominance Index also reveled in all five
Shannon’s index, Inverted Berger – Parker Dominance orders (Table-2a & 2b).
index, Margalef’s Richness index and Equitability or 3.2 Species Composition and Abundance of Insect in
Evenness index.(Table-2a, 2b, 3a & 3b) Different Study Sites (Table 3a and 3b)
A total number of 296 insects were collected
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION which belongs to 156 species in under 5 orders and 31
families. For minimize of insect population harms, only
3.1 Species Composition of Insects (Table-1, 2a & 2b) one insect form a single species collected at a particular
The Family and Order composition and number Site (Table-1 & Fig.7).
of insect species collected from study sites is shown in 3.2.1 Site-1: The maximum number of species reported
Table-1. A total number of 156 species belong to 31 from site-1 (106) with the maximum Dominance Index
families and 5 orders were collected and identified from (0.783) and Evenness Index (0.9621) while Richness
three sites of Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary. The heist Index (0.857) minimum. Site-1 is surrounded by a huge
number of species belong to order Coleoptera (53), evergreen water body named Parvati Lake with high
followed by Lepidoptera (41), Orthoptera (23), Diptera vegetation frequency, which made it rich diversity site.
(23) and Hymenoptera (16) (Table-1). Were Species

Table 1: List of Insect fauna identified and collected from Sampling Sites
Family S. N. Species Site-1 Site-2 Site-3
Order: Coleoptera
Scarabidae 1 Anomala dimidiate (Hope, 1831) + - -
2 Anomala lineatopennis (Linnaeus, 1758) + + -
3 Anomala binotata (Gyllenhaal, 1817) - - +
4 Anomala ruficapilla (Burmeister, 1855) + - +
5 Onthophagus agnus (Gillet, 1925) + - -
6 Onthophagus Taurus (Schreber, 1759) - + -
7 Onthophagus catta (Fabricius, 1787) - + +
8 Onthophagus dama (Fabricius, 1798) + + -
9 Onthophagus nasalis (Arrow, 1931) - - +
10 Chiloloba acuta (Wiedemann, 1823) + + +
11 Onitis philemon (Fabricius, 1801) - + -
12 Jumnos roylei (Hope, 1839) - - +
13 Protaetia sps. + - -
14 Canthon vigilans (Leconte, 1858) + + +
15 Pentodon idiota (Herbst, 1789) + + -

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16 Deltochilum gibbosum (Fabricius, 1775) - + +

17 Holotrichia serrata (Hope, 1837) - + -
Coccinelidae 18 Coccinella transversalis (Fabricius, 1781) + + +
19 Coccinella sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) - + -
20 Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + + -
21 Hippodamia variegate (Goeze, 1777) + + -
22 Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + - +
23 Harmonia axyridis (Pallos, 1773) + - -
24 Micraspis discolor (Fabricius, 1798) + + +
25 Zygogramma bicolorata (Pallister, 1953) + + +
26 Cheilomenses sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) - + -
27 Brachiacantha quadripunctata (Melsheimer, 1847) + - -
Chrysomellidae 28 Altica himensis (Shukla, 2016) + + +
29 Altica cyanea (Weber, 1801) + - -
30 Sagra femorata (Drury, 177 3) - + -
31 Cryptocephalus aureoles (Suffrian, 1847) - + +
32 Meristata trifasciata (Hope, 1831) - + -
33 Aulacophora indica (Gmelin, 1790) + + +
34 Aulacophora faveicollis (Lucas, 1849) - + +
Carabidae 35 Anthia sexguttata (Fabricius, 1775) + - -
36 Pheropsophus catoirei (Dejean, 1825) - - +
37 Pheropsophus bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1771) - - +
Meloidae 38 Mylabris cichorii (Linnaeus, 1767) + + -
39 Mylabris quadripunctata (Linnaeus, 1767) - + -
40 Mylabris pustulata (Thunberg, 1821) + + +
41 Meloe violaceus (Marsham, 1802) + + +
42 Zonitis sps. - + -
43 Epicauta pensylvanica (De Geer, 1775) - + +
Cerambycidae 44 Aeolestes holocericea (Fabricius, 1787) + - -
45 Stibara sps. + + +
46 Kunbir telephoroides (Lameere, 1890) - + -
Curculionidae 47 Rhynchophorus indostanus (Chevrolat, 1882) + - -
48 Myllocerus viridanus (Fabricius, 1775) - + +
Hybosoridae 49 Hybosorus orientalis (Westwood, 1845) - - +
Elateridae 50 Elater fuscipes (Fabricius, 1775) + + +
Tenebrionidae 51 Platynotus sps. + + +
52 Derosphaerus foveolatus (Marseul, 1876) + - +
53 Derosphaerus sinensis (Hope, 1842) + - -
Order:- Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae 54 Vanessa caschmirensis (Kollar, 1848) + + +
55 Vanessa indica (Herbst, 1794) + + +
56 Junonia iphita (Cramer, 1779) + + -
57 Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758) - - +
58 Junonia attites (Linnaeus, 1763) - + +
59 Junonia lemonias (Linnaeus, 1758) + - -
60 Papilio phalantha (Drury, 1773) + - -
61 Papilio bolina (Linnaeus, 1758) - + -
62 Papilio genutia (Cramer, 1779) + - +
63 Papilio chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + +
64 Papilio almana (Linnaeus, 1758) - + -
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65 Papilio limniace (Cramer, 1775) - + -

66 Papilio leda (Linnaeus, 1758) - + -
67 Neptis sappho (Pallos, 1771) + - -
68 Neptis yerburii (Fabricius, 1807) + - +
69 Pseudoergolis wedah (Kollar, 1848) + + +
70 Argynnis lathania (Linnaeus, 1758) - + -
71 Sephisa dichroa (Kollar, 1844) - + -
72 Ergolis meriane (Cramer, 1777) + + +
Papilionidae 73 Papilio helenus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + +
74 Papilio polytes (Linnaeus, 1758) + + +
75 Papilio agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758 + - -
76 Byasa polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1882) - + -
Pieridae 77 Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758) + - -
78 Leptosia nina (Fabricius, 1793) + + +
79 Appios olferna (Swinhoe, 1890) + + +
80 Delias eucharis (Drury, 1773) + + +
81 Pieris canidia (Sparrman, 1768) + + +
82 Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) + - -
83 Appias libythea (Fabricius, 1775) + - +
84 Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758) - + +
Lycaenidae 85 Lycaena rosimon (Fabricius, 1775) - + -
86 Spalgis epius (Westwood, 1851) + + +
87 Prosotas dubiosa (Semper, 1879) + - -
88 Catochrysops strabo (Fabricius, 1793) + - +
Hesperiidae 89 Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius, 1798) + + +
90 Pelopidas conjuncta (Herrich-Schaffer, 1869) + + +
Sphingidae 91 Macroglossum sps. + + +
92 Sphinx sps. + + +
Noctuidae 93 Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) - + -
94 Autographa sps. - - +
Order:- Orthoptera
Acrididae 95 Chrotogonus trachypterus (Blanchard, 1836) - + -
96 Acrida exaltata (Walker, 1859) + + +
97 Diabolocatontops innotabilis (Walker, 1870) + + +
98 Gesonula punctifrons (Stal, 1861) + + -
99 Leva indica (Boliver, 1902) + + +
100 Morphacris fasciata (Thunberg, 1815) - - +
101 Oedaleus abruptus (Thunberg, 1815) + + +
102 Oxya fuscovittata (Marschall, 1836) + - -
103 Oxya velox (Fabricius, 1787) - + +
104 Oxya hyla (Serville, 1831) - - +
105 Oxya nitidula (Walker, 1870) + + +
106 Phlaeoba infumata (Wattenwyl, 1893) + + +
107 Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg, 1815) + + -
Gryllidae 108 Dianemobius fascipes (Walker, 1869) + + +
109 Teleogryllus occipitalis (Serville, 1838) + + +
Pyrgomorphidae 110 Atractomorpha crenulata (Fabricius, 1793) + - -
Gryllotalpidae 111 Gryllotalpa Africana (Beauvois, 1805) + - +
Tetrigidae 112 Euparatettix histricus (Stall, 1861) + + +
Trigonidiidae 113 Amusurgus fulvus (Wattenwyl, 1893) + + +
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114 Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878) + + -

Tettigoniidae 115 Conocephalus longipennis (Haan, 1842) - + -
116 Conocephalus maculates (Le Guillou, 1841) + + +
117 Elimaea securigera (Wattenwyl, 1878) + + -
Order:- Diptera
Culicidae 118 Anopheles culicifacies (Giles, 1901) + + +
119 Anopheles subpictus (Grassi, 1899) + - +
120 Anopheles fluviatilis (James, 1902) - - +
121 Anopheles vagus (Donitz, 1902) + - -
122 Anopheles maculates (Theobald, 1901) + - -
123 Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) + + +
124 Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) + - -
125 Aedes walbus (Theobald, 1905) - - +
126 Aedes vittatus (Bigot, 1861) + - +
127 Culex vishnui (Theobald, 1901) + + +
128 Culex fatigans (Wiedemann, 1828) + + +
Syrphidae 129 Sphegina macropoda (Bigot, 1883) + + +
130 Eristalis cerealis (Fabricius, 1805) - + -
131 Msembrius bengalensis (Wiedemann, 1819) + + -
132 Syritta indica (Wiedemann, 1824) + - -
133 Paragus serratus (Fabricius, 1805) - + -
134 Allograpta javana (Wiedemann, 1824) + + +
Muscidae 135 Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) + + +
136 Musca autumnalis (De Geer, 1776) + + -
137 Arthurella nudiseta (Aibuquerque, 1954) - - +
138 Atherigona reversura (Villeneuve, 1936) + - -
139 Pyrellia cyanicolor (Zetterstedt, 1845) + - -
140 Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761) + + +
Order:- Hymenoptera
Apidae 141 Apis florae (Fabricius, 1787) + + +
142 Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793) - - +
143 Nomada fulvicornis (Fabricius, 1793) + - +
Vespidae 144 Vespa orientalis (Linnaeus, 1771) + + +
145 Polistes flavus (Cresson, 1868) - + +
146 Polistes watti (Cameron, 1900) + + -
147 Polistes indicus (Stolfa, 1934) + - -
148 Polistes stigma (Fabricius, 1793) - - +
Xylocopidae 149 Xylocopa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) + - -
Formicidae 150 Camponotus sericeus (Fabricius, 1798) + + +
151 Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787) - + -
152 Camponotus angusticollis (Jerdon, 1851) + + +
153 Camponotus vicinus (Mayr, 1870) - + -
154 Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1755) + - +
155 Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, 1857) + - -
156 Solenopsis geminate (Fabricius, 1804) + + +

3.2.2 Site-2: Site-2 is area that situated between Site-1 Evenness Index (0.9308) with moderate Richness Index
and Site-3 without any water body. This site has most of (0.866) were reported. Were, a total number of 101
grassland with shrubs and nearby agricultural land, species collected.
village also situated with too much human activity. In 3.2.3 Site-3: The minimum number of species reported
this Site, the minimum Dominance Index (0.763) and from Site-3 (89) with the moderate Dominance Index
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(0.781), Evenness Index (0.9581) and maximum Shannon’s Index of Diversity (1.548) while the
Richness Index (0.891). Site-3 is also surrounded by a minimum Insect Diversity calculated from Site-2 with
water body named Aranga Lake that some time becomes Simpson’s Index of Diversity (0.236) and Shannon’s
dry during winter seasons. This Site also has much Index of Diversity (1.498). Site-3 has moderate number
greenery with shrubby and tree vegetations. of Insect Diversity with Simpson’s Index of Diversity
Overall the maximum Insect Diversity reported (0.218) and Shannon’s Index of Diversity (1.542) (Table
in Site-1 with Simpson’s Index of Diversity (0.216) and 3a & 3b).

Table 2a: Diversity indices for insect orders collected from different sites of Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary
Simpson’s Reciprocal Simpson’s
Total Total No. Average Index Index
Dominance
Insect Orders No. of of Population ∑𝑛𝑖(𝑛𝑖 − 1) 1
%
Family Species Size
𝑁(𝑁 − 1) ∑𝑛𝑖 2 /𝑁 2
Coleoptera 10 53 33.97% 5.30 0.164 6.070
Lepidoptera 7 41 25.64% 5.85 0.261 3.832
Orthoptera 7 23 14.74% 3.28 0.328 3.048
Diptera 3 23 14.74% 7.66 0.336 2.976
Hymenoptera 4 16 10.26% 4.00 0.283 3.529
Total 31 156 100% 31.20 0.233 4.281

Table 2b: Diversity indices for insect orders collected from different sites of Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary
Inverted Berger- Margalef’s Evenness Index
Dominance Index Shannon’s Index Parker Richness Index 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖
Insect Orders ∑𝑛𝑖 (𝑛𝑖 −1) 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖 Dominance Index 𝑆−1 −∑ ln
1-
𝑁(𝑁−1)
-∑ ln
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
𝑁 𝑁
𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑙𝑛. 𝑁 𝑙𝑛. 𝑁
Coleoptera 0.835 1.955 3.118 2.267 0.8488
Lepidoptera 0.739 1.571 2.158 1.616 0.8075
Orthoptera 0.671 1.422 1.769 1.914 0.7307
Diptera 0.664 1.054 2.091 0.637 0.9592
Hymenoptera 0.716 1.212 2.286 1.082 0.8745
Total 0.766 1.516 2.943 0.792 0.9420

Table-3a: Diversity indices for insect species collected from different sites of Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary
Reciprocal
Simpson’s Index Dominance Index
Total No. of Average ∑𝑛𝑖(𝑛𝑖 − 1) Simpson’s Index
Study Sites ∑𝑛𝑖 (𝑛𝑖 −1)
Species Population Size 1 1-
𝑁(𝑁 − 1) 𝑁(𝑁−1)
∑𝑛𝑖 2 /𝑁 2
Site-1 106 21.2 0.216 4.622 0.783
Site-2 101 20.2 0.236 4.229 0.763
Site-3 89 17.8 0.218 4.580 0.781
Total 296 98.67 0.332 3.005 0.667

Table-3b: Diversity indices for insect species collected from different sites of Parvati Aranga Bird Sanctuary
Evenness Index
Shannon’s Index Inverted Berger-Parker Margalef’s Richness 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖
Study Sites 𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖 𝑁 𝑆−1 −∑ ln
-∑ ln
𝑁 𝑁
Dominance Index
𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥
Index
𝑙𝑛 .𝑁
𝑁 𝑁
𝑙𝑛. 𝑁
Site-1 1.548 3.419 0.857 0.9621
Site-2 1.498 2.971 0.866 0.9308
Site-3 1.542 3.296 0.891 0.9581
Total 1.096 2.792 0.351 0.9976

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Species Aboundance if Families of Coleoptera Species Aboundance if Families Lepidoptera

2%
2%
6% Scarabidae
4% 5% 5% Nymphalidae
Coccinelidae 5%
6% 32%
Chrysomellidae Papilionidae
Carabidae
10% Pieridae
Meloidae 46%
11%
Cermbycidae Lycaenidae
Curculionidae
5% 19% Hesperiidae
Hybosoridae
13% 19% Elateridae Sphingidae
Tenebrionidae 10%
Noctuidae

Fig.2: Species Aboundance in Families of Coleoptera Fig.3: Species Aboundance in Families of Lepidoptera

Species Aboundance if Families of Orthoptera Species Aboundance if Families of Diptera

13%
Acridiae
26%
Gryllidae Culicidae
9%

Pyrgomorphidae 48% Syrphidae

4%
4%
Gryllotalpidae Muscidae
57%
4% Tetrigidae

9% Trigonidiidae 26%
Tettigoniidae

Fig.4: Species Aboundance in Families of Orthoptera Fig.5: Species Aboundance in Families of Diptera

Species Aboundance if Families of Hymenoptera

19%

Apidae
44%
Vespidae

Xylocopidae

31% Formicidae

6%

Fig.6: Species Aboundance in Families of Hymenoptera

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40
34
35 31
30 27 28 28
24
25
20 18 18 18
15
15 12 13
11 10
9
10
5
0
Coleoptera Lepidoptera Orthoptera Diptera Hymenoptera

Site-1 Site-2 Site-3

Fig.7: No. of Species occurrence in Particular sites of Different Orders

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