CONTENTS

THE PASSIVE PAGE

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2

1- FORMING THE PASSIVE ............................................................................... 2

2- THE PLACE OF TIME ADVERBIALS IN A PASSIVE SENTENCE .......... 3
3- USING "BY PHRASE" ..................................................................................... 6
4- USING PASSIVE IN INTERROGATIVES ...................................................... 7
5- INDIRECT OBJECTS AS PASSIVE SUBJECTS ..............................................10
6- THE PASSIVE FORM OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS ......... 13
7- STATIVE PASSIVE ........................................................................................... 15
8- STATIVE PASSIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS ................................................... 17
9- THE PASSIVE WITH GET .................................................................................20
10- "BY PHRASE" OR ANOTHER PREPOSITION ................................................22
11- IMPERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE PASSIVE ...............................................24
12- PASSIVE WITH GERUNDS-INFINITIVES ..................................................... 25
13- ITS SAID THAT... / HE IS SAID TO ... ETC. ................................................... 27

EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS ..................................................................... 36

TEST YOURSELF I ....................................................................................... 39
TEST YOURSELF 2 ........................................................................................ 42
TEST YOURSELF 3 ........................................................................................ 45
TEST YOURSELF 4 ........................................................................................ 49
TEST YOUR VOCABULARY ....................................................................... 61
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................... 64

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 PASSIVE

INTRODUCTION

Etken bir fiili (active), edilgen (passive) bir fiile dönüştürebilmemiz için o fiilin geçişli bir fiil
(transitive) olması gerekir. Yani, open, dose, give, buy, invite, etc. gibi nesne alabilen bir fiil olması
gerekir. Happen, come, go, seem, cry gibi nesne almayan fiiller (intransitive), passive yapılamaz.

Active : The school custodian opens the door every day.

Passive : The door is opened by the school custodian every day.

Active : An accident happens at this crossroads nearly every day.

(No passive, because there isn't an object.)

1- FORMING THE PASSIVE

Active fiilin nesnesi, passive cümlede, özne durumuna geçer ve cümlenin tense'ine uygun olarak be +
past participle (fiilin üçüncü hali) kullanılır.

He is washing the car.

object

The car is being washed by him.

subject

She cooked the dinner

object

The dinner was cooked by her.

subject

He makes the sandwiches.

Object
The sandwiches are made by him.
subject

ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present Progressive He is washing the car. The car is being washed by him.
Simple Present He washes the car. The car is washed by him.
Simple Past He washed the car. The car was washed by him.
Past Progressive He was washing the car. The car was being washed by him.
Present Perfect He has washed the car. The car has been washed by him.
Past Perfect He had washed the car. The car had been washed by him.
Simple Future He will wash the car. The car will be washed by him.
be going to He is going to wash the car. The car is going to be washed by him.
Future Perfect He will have washed the car. The car will have been washed by him.

NOTE:"am/is/are doing" ve "was/were doing" dışındaki progressive tense'lerle (will be doing, have
been doing, had been doing, will have been doing) passive kullanımı çok enderdir.

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EXERCISE I : Change the active to the passive.

1- The gardener is mowing the grass at the moment.

The grass............................................by the gardener at the moment.

2- The gardener mows the grass once a month.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener once a month.

3- The gardener mowed the grass last week.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener last week.

4- The gardener was mowing the grass.

The grass ........................................... by the gardener.

5- The gardener has mowed the grass.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener.

6- The gardener had mowed the grass.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener.

7- The gardener will mow the grass tomorrow.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener tomorrow.

8- The gardener is going to mow the grass in the morning.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener in the morning.

9- The gardener will have mowed the grass by noon.

The grass ............................................ by the gardener by noon.

2- THE PLACE OF TIME ADVERBIALS IN A PASSIVE SENTENCE

a) Cümlenin sonunda kullanılan zaman zarfları, "by phrase"den sonra gelir.

Active : Jack washed the car yesterday.

Passive : The car was washed by Jack yesterday.

Active : Jack will wash the car tomorrow.

Passive : The car will be washed by Jack tomorrow.

Active : Jack will have washed the car by 5 p.m.

Passive : The car will have been washed by Jack by 5 p.m.

Cümlenin sonunda kullanılan bu zarflar,vurguyu arttırmak için cümle başında da kullanılabilir.

Yesterday, the car was washed by Jack.

Tomorrow, the car will be washed by Jack.

b) "Always, usually, just, already" gibi cümle içinde kullanılan zaman zarfları, eğer
cümlede başka yardımcı fiil yoksa, "be" fiilinden sonra gelir.

Active : Jack usually washes the car in the afternoon.

Passive : The car is usually washed by Jack in the afternoon.

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 Active : Jack last washed the car two days ago.
Passive : The car was last washed by Jack two days ago.
Eğer cümlede başka yardımcı fiil varsa, bu zarfların yeri iki şekilde olabilir.
Active : Jack has just washed the car.
Passive : The car has just been washed by Jack. (1. yardımcı fiilden
sonra)
The car has been just washed by Jack, ("be" fiilinden sonra)
Active : Jack had already washed the car.
Passive : The car had already been washed by Jack.
The car had been already washed by Jack.

Active : Jack will probably wash the car tomorrow.

Passive : The car will probably be washed by Jack tomorrow.
The car will be probably washed by Jack tomorrow.
"Probably"nin olumsuz cümledeki yerine dikkat ediniz.
Active : Jack probably won't wash the car tomorrow.
Jack will probably not wash the car tomorrow.
Passive : The car probably won't be washed by Jack tomorrow.
The car will probably not be washed by Jack tomorrow.

c) "Carefully, beautifully, deeply" gibi durum bildiren zarflar (adverbs of manner) passive
cümlede genellikle "be" fiili ile asıl fiil arasında yer alır.
Active : The horror film affected the children badly.
Passive : The children were badly affected by the horror film.

Active : We placed the glassware carefully in the cupboard.

Passive : The glassware was carefully placed in the cupboard.

EXERCISE 2 : Change the active to the passive.

1- They brought the first automobile to Istanbul in 1895.

The first automobile ............................................................................................... .

2- Despite the announcement about improved safety, people are still asking for more safety
regulations on the railways.
Despite the announcement about improved safety, more safety regulations on the railways
.......................................................................................... .

3- After they have searched you, they will pass your luggage through an X-ray machine.
After you .................................. your luggage ................................ through an X-ray
machine.

4- Cyanide from a Romanian gold mine has contaminated the drinking water of 2.5 million
people.
The drinking water of 2.5 million people ............................................................... .

5- Four candidates competed for the post of London Mayor.

The post of London Mayor ..................................................

6- Miraculously, grave robbers had not stolen the treasures in the four Egyptian tombs.
Miraculously, the treasures in the four Egyptian tombs ............................................

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7- The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle put forward the ideal of education as a lifelong
process centuries ago.
The ideal of education as a lifelong process ............................................................

8- Toulouse Lautrec painted 'Alfred la Guigne' in 1894.

'Alfred la Guigne' .........................................................................................................

9- Luis Vaez de Torres discovered the Torres Strait, the channel between Northern Australia
and Southern New Guinea, in 1606.
The Torres Strait, the channel between Northern Australia and Southern New Guinea,
...............................................................................................................

10- The Allies bombed the Rhodes Island heavily during World War II.
The Rhodes Island ................................................................................................

11- They use about 20 percent of the world's diamond output for industrial purposes.
About 20 percent of the world's diamond output...................................................

12- The council will pay compensation to the residents of the houses which collapsed into the
old mine shaft.
The residents of the houses which collapsed into the old mine shaft
......................................................................................................................

13- When I telephoned the company secretary, they hadn't received our quotation yet.
When I telephoned the company secretary, our quotation ............................................. yet.

14- We expect that we will have collected £3000 by the time we draw the lottery.
We expect that £3000 ......................................................... by the time the lottery

15- At the moment, a teenage gang are plaguing a Shrewsbury youth centre.
At the moment, a Shrewsbury youth centre .............................................

16- Members of the gang have intimidated the staff at the centre.
The staff at the centre ............................................................

17- The Local Health Authority is going to provide ten new beds for heart patients at the county
hospital.
Ten new beds .......................................................... for heart patients at the county hospital.

18- A specialist team of doctors and nurses care for premature and underweight babies.
Premature and underweight babies ....................................................................... .

19- Although Voltaire was the most celebrated poet and classic tragedian of his day, people best
remember him today for his role as a philosopher.
Although Voltaire was the most celebrated poet and classic tragedian of his day, he
...................................................................... for his role as a philosopher.

20- The regional manager will write the new business plan.
The new business plan ..................................................................

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3- USING "by phrase"
Passive bir cümlede, eylemi yapan kişiyi "by phrase" ile belirtiriz.
Active : My mother made this pullover.
Passive : This pullover was made by my mother.
Active : The President will announce the date of the meeting.
Passive : The date of the meeting will be announced by the President.

Ancak, passive bir cümlede eylemi yapan kişi, eğer eylemin kimin tarafından yapıldığı önemliyse
belirtilir. Eylemin kimin tarafından yapıldığı değil de, eylemin yapılmış olması önemliyse, "by
phrase" kullanılmaz.

Active : Einstein developed the theory of relativity.

Passive : The theory of relativity was developed by Einstein.

Yukarıdaki Örnekte, "by Einstein" kullanarak, eylemi yapan kişiyi (agent) belirtmek zorundayız.
Çünkü "by Einstein" ifadesini kullanmazsak, "İzafiyet teorisi üretildi." olur ki bu da anlamlı bir cümle
olmaz. "İzafiyet teorisi Einstein tarafından üretildi." doğru ve tam bir cümledir.

Active : People mine coal in Zonguldak.

Passive : Coal is mined in Zonguldak.
Bu örnekte, "by people" ifadesini kullanmaya gerek yoktur.

Active : The judge sentenced the murderer to life imprisonment.

Passive : The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Active : Someone made this pullover in Germany.

Passive : This pullover was made in Germany.

Active : They make paper from wood.

Passive : Paper is made from wood.

EXERCISE 3 : Change the active to the passive. Use “by phrase” only if it is necessary.

1- In addition to Japan, they produce Honda cars in the UK and in Turkey.

In addition to Japan, Honda cars ...........................................................................

2- They transferred the footballer from Leeds United to Manchester United.

The footballer ......................................................................................

3- A Manchester United striker kicked Leeds United's goalkeeper during last Saturday's match.
Leeds United's goalkeeper ......................................................................................

4- George Elliot wrote the famous book The Mill on the Floss'.
The famous book The Mill on the Floss' ...........................................................

5- Scientists all over the world have worked out the evolutionary history of life from many
plant and animal remains.
The evolutionary history of life .............................................................................

6- Christopher Wren designed St Paul's Cathedral in London.

St Paul's Cathedral in London ............................................

7- Some workers carried out some restoration work on St Paul's Cathedral last year.
Some restoration work..................................................................................... .

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 8- The company provides sales executives with a car.
Sales executives ........................................................................................
9- Something has delayed the train.
The train .................................................................................................................
10- A lot of teenagers use the Internet.
The Internet...............................................................................................................
11- They are increasing the old age pension 25 percent.
The old age pension ..................................................................................................
12- They sent the order special delivery.
The order ........................................................................... .......................................
13- Mr Green sent the order personally.
The order ...................................................................................................................
14- A six-year-old boy shot a six-year-old girl in February 2000.
A six-year-old girl .....................................................................................................
15- They stole thousands of art treasures during WWII.
Thousands of art treasures .........................................................................................

4- USING PASSIVE IN INTERROGATIVES

Active bir soruyu, passive bir soruya dönüştürürken yine aynı kurallar geçerlidir.
Active : Is Jack washing the car now?
Passive : Is the car being washed by Jack now?
Active : Does Jack wash the car every day?
Passive : Is the car washed by Jack every day?
Active : When does Jack usually wash the car?
Passive : When is the car usually washed?
"Who" ile sorulan sorularda dikkatli olunuz. Eğer "who", eylemi yapan kişiyi (agent) soruyorsa
"Who .................. by?" soru biçimini kullanmamız gerekir.
Active : Who discovered America?
Passive : Who was America discovered by?
(By whom was America discovered?)
Active : Who founded the Republic of Turkey?
Passive : Who was the Republic of Turkey founded by?
(By whom was the Republic of Turkey founded?)
"Who" nesne durumundaki kişiyi soruyorsa "by" kullanılmaz. Ancak, nesneye ait bir preposition
varsa, o kullanılır.
Active : Who will you invite to your party?
Passive : Who will be invited to your party?
Active : Who did you see him with?
Passive : Who was he seen with? (With whom was he seen?)
Active : Who are you going to borrow money from?
Passive : Who is money going to be borrowed from?
(From whom is money going to be borrowed?)
Active : Who did he lend his car to?
Passive : Who was his car lent to? (To whom was his car lent?)

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 "What" bir cümlede nesneyi sorar. Yani, "what" ile sorulmuş bir soruda, nesne yoktur. Bu
durumda, cümleyi passive yaparken, özne durumuna getirebileceğimiz bir sözcük yok demektir.
Böyle bir cümleyi şu şekilde passive yaparız:
Active : What are they doing about the case?
Passive : What is being done about the case?
Active : What did they do about the case?
Passive : What was done about the case?
Active : What have they done about the case?
Passive : What has been done about the case?

(NOTE: Passive cümlede "What"dan sonra gelen fiiller tekildir.)

EXERCISE 4 : Change the active to the passive.

1- Did Leonardo Da Vinci make these calculations?

.................................................................................................................

2- Which particular event are they referring to in section three of the report?
.................................................................................................................

3- In 19th century England, who copied the styles of Ottoman tiles?

.................................................................................................................

4- How many species of monkey do they keep here?

.................................................................................................................

5- How did he puncture his

tyre? .................................................................................................................

6- Who has written this ridiculous newspaper

article? .................................................................................................................

7- Have they collected our

rubbish? .................................................................................................................

8- Does the caretaker clean the windows once a

week? .................................................................................................................

9- When did the Home Secretary release General

Pinochet? .................................................................................................................

10- What have they dropped from the

plan? .................................................................................................................

11- Who did he interview

yesterday? .................................................................................................................

12- Who interviewed him

yesterday? .................................................................................................................

13- Why are they laying carpet in the

kitchen? .................................................................................................................

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 14- Are they going to lay all the carpet
today? .................................................................................................................

15- When are they going to send us the leaflets we

need? .................................................................................................................

EXERCISE 5 : Change the following active sentences to the passive if possible. (Some of the
verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.)

SAMUEL MORSE (1791-1872)

1- "I wish that in one instant I could tell you of my safe arrival, but we are 3,000 miles apart
and must wait four long weeks to hear from each
other." .................................................................................................................
2- Samuel Morse was 20 when he wrote this sentence in a letter to his mother in
1811. .................................................................................................................
3- He was studying art in London and she was living at the home in Charlestown,
Massachusetts. ...........................................................................................................................
.
4- His parents hadn't wanted him to be an
artist. .................................................................................................................
5- However, they allowed him to go to London to study art in 1811, after Gilbert Stuart
praised his work
............................................................................................................................
6- When Samuel returned in 1815, he found that buying paintings did not interest
Americans. .................................................................................................................
7- He realised that he could earn very little from painting
portraits. .................................................................................................................
8- A chance conversation inspired Morse to invent the telegraph while he was returning from
Europe on the steamship Sully in
1832. .................................................................................................................
9- A fellow passenger told him about European experiments in
electromagnetism. .................................................................................................................
10- Morse remarked, "If we can make the presence of electricity visible in any part of the
circuit, I see no reason why we cannot transmit intelligence by
electricity." .................................................................................................................
11- During the rest of the voyage, he worked excitedly on drawings for his
plan. .................................................................................................................
12- Morse had an inventive mind but little knowledge of
electricity, .................................................................................................................
13- Thus, he required years of work and study to perfect his
device. .................................................................................................................
14- People admired his
determination. .................................................................................................................
15- The industrialist Alfred Vail, physicist Joseph Henry and others gave him practical
help. .................................................................................................................

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 16- In 1837, he applied for a patent on The American Electromagnetic
Telegraph. .................................................................................................................
17- He went to England, France and Russia seeking aid for his invention but met with failure
there as at home.
............................................................................................................................
18- Finally in 1843 the United States Congress appropriated $30,000 to build a line from
Washington to
Baltimore. .................................................................................................................
19- In May 1844, they flashed the first message over this
wire. .................................................................................................................
20- After his years of sacrifice, Morse became wealthy as a great
inventor. .................................................................................................................
21- Newspapers, railroads and businesses quickly found use for the
telegraph. .................................................................................................................
22- After they had founded Western Union in 1856. they soon strung wires from coast to
coast. .................................................................................................................
23- Other men of science had worked on the problem, but Morse's invention was the basis of the
land telegraph
systems. .................................................................................................................
24- We still know the code of dots and dashes used in sending messages as the Morse code, in
honour of its
inventor. .................................................................................................................
25- When he died in 1872, on April 2, they held public memorial meetings across the
nation. .................................................................................................................

5- INDIRECT OBJECTS AS PASSIVE SUBJECTS

Bazı fiiller iki nesne alır: "indirect object" ve "direct object". Bu nesnelerin cümle içindeki yerleri
iki şekilde olabilir.

I gave him some money yesterday.

I.O. D.O.

I gave some money to him yesterday.

D.O. I.O.

I will buy her a book tomorrow.

I.O. D.O.

I will buy a book for her tomorrow.

D.O. I.O.

Örneklerde gördüğünüz gibi, indirect object yani insan olan nesne fiilden hemen sonra geliyorsa, diğer
nesneye geçerken bir preposition kullanılmaz. Eğer fiilden hemen sonra direct object geliyorsa,
indirect object'e geçerken, fiilin gerektirdiğine göre, "to" ya da "for" kullanılır.

Bu iki nesneli fiillerin passive biçimi de iki şekilde olur:

Active : I gave him some money yesterday.

I.O. D.O.

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 Passive I : He was given some money yesterday.
Passive 2 : Some money was given to him yesterday.
(Ona dün biraz para verildi.)

Active : I will buy her a book tomorrow.

I.O. D.O.

Passive I : She will be bought a book tomorrow.

Passive 2 : A book will be bought for her tomorrow.
(Yarın ona bir kitap alınacak.)

Farklı şekillerde passive yapılabilmelerine karşın, bu cümlelerin anlamları aynıdır. Indirect object'irı
passive cümlede subject olması, daha yaygın olarak kullanılır.

EXERCISE 6 : Change the active to the passive. Make two passives for each.

1- A supplier gave him the calendar.

He ........................................................... by a supplier.
The calendar ........................................................... by a supplier.

2- The company will tell the customers lies as usual.

Lies ........................................................... by the company as usual.
The customers ........................................................... by the company as usual.

3- They will give you a pay rise after twelve months.

You ........................................................... after twelve months.
A pay rise ........................................................... after twelve months.

4- The carpet shop is going to send us a quotation.

A quotation ........................................................... by the carpet shop.
We ........................................................... by the carpet shop.

5- Her mother taught Kate the basics of dressmaking.

The basics of dressmaking ............................................................ by her mother.
Kate ............................................................ by her mother.

6- The children presented their teacher with a beautiful retirement gift.

Their teacher ............................................................ by the children.
A beautiful retirement gift............................................................ by the children.

7- The Red Crescent provided tents for the victims of the earthquake.
Tents ............................................................ by the Red Crescent.
The victims of the earthquake ............................................................ by the Red Crescent.

8- The environmental organisation gave each volunteer tree planter a free T-shirt.
Each volunteer tree planter ........................................................... by the environmental
organisation.
A free T-shirt........................................................... by the environmental organisation.

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EXERCISE 7 : Complete the sentences with the given words. Some of the sentences are
passive and some are active. Use any appropriate tense.
1- The Marathon of Sands (hold) ........................... every year in spring. The race (start)
........................... in Ouratazate in Morocco. It (last) ........................... six days.
Competitors (walk) ........................... or (run) ........................... 140 miles across the Sahara
Desert. Each person (allow) ........................... nine litres of water a day. The race (refer)
........................... to as the toughest foot race on the Earth.
2- One year's average rainfall (fall) ........................... in five days last year in Caracas,
Venezuela. The torrential rain (lead) ........................... to deadly mud slides. 400,000 people
(make) ........................... homeless. 25,000 people (kill) ........................... . Many people
(die) ........................... because their houses (not, build)
........................... properly.
3- The quality of the Louvre's restoration of the painting 'The Marriage at Cano' (question)
........................... by critics at the moment. This masterpiece (paint) ........................... by
Veronese, the 16th century master of Leonardo Da Vinci. Following the completion of the
restoration, some clothes which were red now (appear) ........................... green. The
painting (value) ........................... at between £50 million and £100 million. It (paint)
.......................... at a monastery in Italy and (remain) ........................... there until
Bonaparte's occupation of Venice, when it (take) ........................... to France. In 1992, it
(suffer) ........................... an accident when some scaffolding (crash) ........................... into
it, Unfortunately, the repair work and cleaning (destroy) ........................... the original colour
combinations.
4- 99% of Japanese Airlines' flights (take off) ........................... on time, so it's most likely that
you (not, delay) ........................... .
5- About 700 passengers (rescue) ........................... from the 'Titanic' after it (hit)
........................... an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean.
6- No film by Leni Riefenstahl (show) ........................... in her native Germany since the end
of WWII.
7- From the activities they (hold) ........................... at the end-of-term party, the school
children (raise) ........................... £2,000 for the Hospital Fund and the cheque (present)
........................... to an official from the Hospital at a special award ceremony yesterday.
8- Cyclone Eline (cause) ........................... the worst flooding for 50 years in Mozambique in
February. 2000. Heavy rain (fall) ........................... on the Limpopo River region of
Mozambique. Tens of thousands of people (push) ........................... onto rooftops or into
trees by the flooding. In the days following the flooding, rescue teams (arrive)
.......................... from around the world. In all, the South African air crews alone (save)
........................... over 8,000 people from drowning. The death toll (expect) ...........................
to be into the thousands. For days after the disaster, the international community (severely,
criticise) ........................... by the media for taking too long to act.
9- Deny (work) ........................... in Africa for many years, when in 1975, against his will, he
(recall) ........................... to London by his company.
10- Graham Reeves' healthy kidney (remove) ........................... mistakenly by surgeons at Prince
Philip Hospital in Wales. Despite all the efforts, he could (not, save) ............................ and
he (die) ........................... on the 1st of March, 2000.
11- Experts state that, if stressful situations (continually, encounter) ............................ the
individual's physical, social and mental health (eventually, affect) ............................ .

12
 12- Caves (find) ........................... throughout the world. Up to now, more than 5,400 (name)
........................... in the United States, and there are probably ten times as many still
undiscovered. The most extensive cave regions (locate) ........................... around Mammoth
Cave in Kentucky, around Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico, in the mountains of West
Virginia and Tennessee.
13- The cake we (offer) ........................... at the celebration dinner (fill) ........................... with
thick double cream, which I (find) ........................... very fattening and thus (eat)
........................... very little.
14- We (look) ........................... for half an hour for our cricket ball, but it (hide)
........................... by the long grass, which (not, mow) ........................... for ages.
15- Our new curtain rails (fit) ........................... yesterday, but I (not, hang)........................... the
curtains up yet.
16- A: Hi. Mike! What .................. you (do) ...................... up here at the head office?
B: I (interview) ........................... today by the National Sales Manager for a promotion to
Area Sales Manager. I hope I can get it as I (really, want) ............................ it.
A: Well, good luck then.
17- A: Hello, Jones & Sons.
B: Oh, I'm sorry. I think I (just, give) ........................... the wrong telephone number by the
operator, or I (dial) ........................... incorrectly.
18- Cashmere cardigans and sweaters (export) ........................... all over the world from Inner
Mongolia in China. The high quality wool (grow) ........................... on goats which are
particularly suited to the harsh conditions of the area.
19- Since the day Steve Bico. the South African hero, (die) ........................... in police custody,
his name (know) ........................... worldwide.
20- By the time the shopping centre (officially, open) ........................... by the Mayor last
Saturday, some of the shops (sell) ........................... goods for weeks.

6- THE PASSIVE FORM OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

modal + be + past participle

a) The letters will be posted tomorrow.
b) Tomorrow's exam can be postponed to next Monday.
c) You may be allowed to leave early.
d) Children should be warned against dangers.
e) Chocolate ought not to be eaten Loo much.
f) Tomorrow's meeting had better be cancelled.
g) She had to be taken to hospital.
h) He must be told the news.
i) We were supposed to be informed about the change.

modal + have been + past participle

j) She
k) He shouldn't have been told the bad news.
I) This book can't have been seen with her.
m) You must have been left here by a student.
ought to have been allowed to go there

13
EXERCISE 8 : Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses. Some of the sentences are
passive and some are active. Use the simple or perfect forms of the modals.

1- The council should (impose) ........................... a strict speed limit on that stretch of road, or
accidents will continue to occur.

2- A strict speed limit should (impose) ........................... on that stretch of road if accidents are
wanted to be prevented.

3- Shoes which have been left in the gym will (destroy) ........................... if they aren't
collected within six months.

4- The answer machine ought to (switch) ........................... on before you left the office.
Apparently, customers who called on Friday couldn't (leave) ........................... a message
over the weekend.

5- Suitable clothing must (wear) ........................... during the exercise, or it will cause
discomfort to the person.

6- All the vehicles made in that batch had to (recall) ........................... in order to be checked
for safety. There was a possibility that they had a faulty steering wheel.

7- My mother is supposed to (operate) ........................... on at 3 p.m., but it's ten to three, and
the doctor hasn't arrived yet.

8- I know there was a blue one in my size here yesterday. It must (sell) ....................... .

9- Sentences in the active voice can't (always, rewrite) ........................... in the passive voice.

10- You can't (rewrite) ........................... all active sentences in the passive voice.

11- A: I can't (find) ........................... my Cosmopolitan Magazine and I haven't read it yet.
B: Could it (throw) ........................... away by mistake?
A: Now that you mention it. I did leave it under my desk near the waste paper basket.

12- If your daughter is walking now, you had better (buy) ........................... her some proper
shoes, as ill-fitting shoes can (damage) ........................... a child's feet permanently.

13- They could (explain) ........................... the reasons for the delay better than they did.
We were kept waiting for hours without knowing the full seriousness of the situation.

14- Before the fleeces of Mongolian goats can (make) ........................... into Cashmere, the wool
has to (wash) ........................... several times.

15- They must (price) ........................... the rugs too high as they could (only, sell)
.......................... a few during the sale.

16- You ought to (send) ........................... the measurements to Turkey in metres, not in feet and
inches; otherwise, they will have to (convert) ........................... there.

17- Normally Jeff can't (rely) ........................... upon to finish a project on time, but he must
(Lake) ........................... this one seriously as he handed it in punctually.

18- I believe that roadside services should (provide) .............................. baby-changing

facilities.

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 19- A: Oh no! I'm going to make pancakes tonight and there isn't any flour. I am sure I bought
some the last time I went shopping.
B: Well, if there isn't any in the cupboard, you can't (buy) ........................... any then. Shall
I run to the corner shop for you?

20- The ten-year-old girl shouldn't (leave) ........................... in charge of the twins. No wonder
the accident happened.

7- STATIVE PASSIVE

İngilizce'de fiillerin üçüncü halleri (past participle), bazı cümlelerde sıfat gibi işlev görür. Bu cümleler
yapı olarak passive olmalarına karşın, kullanılan past participle, eylemin nasıl yapıldığım ya da kim
tarafından yapıldığını ifade etmez. Yalnızca bir ismi tanımlar. Yani bir nesnenin ya da kişinin
durumunu ifade eder. Bir ismi tanımladığı için de bu sözcükler sıfat görevindedir.

The window is large.

The window is white.
The window is broken.

İlk iki cümledeki "large" ve "white" sözcük türü olarak sıfattır. "Broken" ise "break" fiilinin üçüncü
halidir; ancak o da, "large" ve "white" gibi ''window" sözünü tanımlamıştır.

Bu tür sözcüklerin, cümlede passive eylem görevinde mi yoksa bir ismi tanımlayan sıfat görevinde mi
olduğunu cümlenin akışından çıkarabiliriz.

Yesterday, the window of the classroom was broken by one of the students.
(passive action)
(Dün sınıfın camı, bir öğrenci tarafından kırıldı.)

When I entered the classroom yesterday, the window was broken. (stative
passive)
(Dün sınıfa girdiğimde, cam kırıktı.)

The door to the school is always locked by the caretaker after the classes are
over. (passive action)
(Dersler bittikten sonra, okulun kapısı müstahdem tarafından hep
kilitlenir.)

We can't enter that room. The door is locked, (stative passive)

(O odaya giremeyiz. Kapı kilitli.)

EXERCISE 9 : Use the Simple Present or Simple Past of the given verbs with stative passive.

1- I have hurt my foot and I can't put my shoe on because my foot (swell) is swollen

2- While I was playing basketball last week, I hurt my foot and couldn't put my shoe on
because my foot (swell) was swollen .

3- I have to buy some silver polish because our silver tea service (heavily, tarnish)
.......................... and needs a good polish.

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4- Jeremy (bore) ........................... with his job in the computer company, so he gave it up and
started to work in a zoo.

5- The Blue Mosque, which is among Istanbul's major tourist attractions, (decorate)
........................... very ornately. It's so called because its walls (all, cover) ...........................
with blue tiles.

6- This vase is half the price because it (chip) .......................... .

7- After the journey which lasted eight hours, we (exhaust) ............................ hungry and ready
for bed.

8- The thieves stole many of their possessions including an antique clock, which luckily,
(insure) ........................... for £5000.

9- You have to be careful coming out of Vicki's driveway because the entrance to her farm
(conceal) ........................... behind some large trees.

10- Shrewsbury, which is an important market town, (situate) ........................... on the River
Severn.

11- A Roman village (situate) ........................... between Salisbury and Winchester, but it is no
longer there.

12- I'm afraid I can't serve our guests this chicken pie. It (burn) ........................... and tastes
horrible.

13- Many homes have been repaired since the earthquake, but many (still,
damage) ........................... .

14- The opinion about the dam project (divide) ........................... . Some of the councillors think
it is a good idea but others think it is far too expensive.

15- The Professor (annoy) ............................ probably because half the students hadn't bothered
to turn up for his lecture.

16- The handle on my old suitcase (break) ............................ so I bought a new larger suitcase in
a sale last week.

17- My car is in quite good condition for its age, except that the passenger door
(dent) ........................... .

18- The train (crowd) ............................ so we couldn't get a seat and had to stand all the way to
Manchester.

19- The man (lose) ........................... and asked us if we knew the way to the station.

20- She was a tall woman and her hair (dye) ........................... an unnatural shade of red.

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8- STATIVE PASSIVE WITH PREPOSITIONS

"Stative passive" bildiren fiiller çoğunlukla bir preposition ile birlikte kullanılırlar. *

I'm interested in music, especially in folk music.

She is married to an American.
I'm satisfied with the progress you've made in English.
When the teacher gave the exam results, Ann was disappointed with her
score.

NOTE: Exercise 10 ve 11'i yapmadan önce sayfa 64'teki listeyi inceleyiniz.

EXERCISE 10 : Stative Passive + Preposition

1- Now that his mother lives alone, she is worried ............... the costs of keeping her house in
good condition.
2- If you have studied hard and worked through all the exercises, you will be prepared ..............
your university entrance examination.
3- The word biscuit is derived ............... the French for 'baked twice’.
4- I was amazed ............... the number of storks on the lake near Kütahya as I had only ever
seen single birds or pairs before.
5- Attendance at this school is limited ............... children living in Shropshire or Mid Wales.
6- A barometer is an instrument which is used ................ measuring the pressure of the
atmosphere surrounding the Earth.
7- When he was younger, he worked on an oil rig in the North Sea, so he was separated
............... his family for long periods.
8- When I saw the muddy footprints by the lake, I was upset............... Simon because he had
promised not to let the younger children go near the water.
9- We peeked through the window of the new Italian restaurant and saw that it was furnished
............... items reflecting the Mediterranean style.
10- The streets were sprayed with disinfectant so that the survivors would not be exposed
............... air borne diseases.
11- At the time Emma was killed in the avalanche, she was engaged ............... Kevin Wheatly, a
local police sergeant.
12- Recently, many Czech Gypsies have applied for refugee status in the United Kingdom.
These Gypsies claim that they are discriminated ............... in the Czech Republic.
13- Some people in Kent are annoyed ............... the increase in tax, which has been imposed to
pay for the increase in young refugees in the region.
14- The Prime Minister was annoyed ............... him because he had decided to stand
independently, so he was expelled from the party.
15- We were blessed ............... a mild spring, which meant the harvest was bountiful and we
were able to repay all our debts.

* Stative passive + preposition listesi için bkz. sayfa 64

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 16- He is bored ............... learning English from lessons and textbooks and has a strong desire to
visit the UK or the USA and make some English-speaking friends.
17- I have signed a contract, so now, I am committed ............... working for the school for two
years.
18- When I was learning German. I often got the word 'richtig' confused ............... the word
'wichtig' and would say one when I meant the other.
19- The shopping mall is often crowded ............... teenagers who don't actually buy anything.
20- Although they don't have a Monarchy in France, some people have proved by DNA testing
that they are related ............... the former Royal family.

EXERCISE 11: Stative passive + preposition. Choose the correct answer.

1- The word panorama, which means an unbroken view of the surrounding region, is
........ from the Greek prefix for all 'pan1 and the Greek word for view 'horama'.

A) based B) named
C) known D) suggested
E) derived
2- I'm really ........ with our new carpet. It looks better fitted than it did in the shop.

A) disappointed B) pleased
C) excited D) worried
E) equipped
3- A: The new accountant knows a lot about Management Accounting, doesn't he?
B: I have no idea. I am not ........ with him.

A) impressed B) convinced
CJ known D) acquainted
E) devoted
4- Because the Head Quarters of our company is in New York, one of the clocks in the
office is ........ with theirs so that we know when they are working.

A) absorbed B) filled
C) opposed D) synchronised
E) prepared
5- When I saw the original of Renoir's painting 'Le Moulin de la Galette1 in the museum,
I was so absorbed ........ it that when my husband tapped me on the shoulder, I jumped
out of my skin.

A) on B) at
C) in D) from
E) with
6- According to the survey, some teenagers are addicted ......... shopping and need
treatment.

A) to B) with
C) about D) at
E) from

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7- I am ........ of the long journey to work every day and have decided to move to a flat
closer to the office.
A) involved B) tired
C) derived D) convinced
E) concerned

8- My father is terrified ........ the thought of hospitals, but the doctor has stressed that
an operation is necessary.
A) from B) in
C) at D) with
E) of

9- You don't need to prepare anything to eat because the students will be ...... with a
packed lunch on the picnic.
A) dedicated B) dressed
C) provided D) exposed
E) committed

10- I am strongly ......... to the concept of nuclear energy because I feel that human error
could lead to a catastrophe.
A) opposed B) satisfied
C) remembered D) accustomed
E) troubled

11- We are obliged ........ my sister and her husband for looking after our daughter when
we go to America.
A) from B) with
C) for D) about
E) to

12- She is ...... to give up her work as an accountant in order to look after her paralysed
mother.
A) married B) blessed
C) composed D) prepared
E) shocked

13- As he was ....... to the cold climate of Finland, Elias found it difficult to bear the strong
heat in Turkey.
A) worried B) accustomed
C) separated D) engaged
E) involved

14- It's amazing, but nowadays, they produce sports jackets which are made recycled
plastic bottles.
A) from B) to
C) about D) on
E) in

19
 15- The holiday apartments are equipped ......... a cooker, a refrigerator and a dishwasher,
A) about B) from
C) at D) with
E) for

16- Today, macaroni is commonly associated ....... Italy; however, it's believed that it
originated in China,
A) to B) from
C) about D) by
E) with

17- Marie Antoinette, the last Queen of France, is best remembered ........ reportedly
saying, "Let them eat cake." when she was told that the peasants of Paris were rioting
because they had no bread to eat.
A) about B) for
C) to D) from
E) of

18- Anthea is really ........ in interior design, so she regularly attends classes on the subject.
A) used B) made
C) interested D) astonished
E) dressed

19- I'm impressed ........ the results of our efforts in the garden. It all looks very nice.
A) with B) to
C) on D) for
E) from

20- McGill University is best known ....... its work in medicine and has one of the best
medical libraries in Canada.
A) from B) for
C) at D) to
E) as

9- THE PASSIVE WITH GET

Bazı sıfatlan "get" ile birlikte kullanarak, onları durum, bildiren bir yapıdan eylem bildiren bir yapıya
dönüştürebiliriz.

I couldn't wear my jeans this morning, because they were still wet.
("Were wet" kotun o anki durumunu belirtiyor.)
(Bu sabah kotumu giyemedim çünkü hala ıslaktı.)

When I stepped into a hole full of water yesterday, my jeans got wet.
("got wet" o anda olan bir olayı belirtiyor.)
(Dün su dolu bir çukura basınca, kotum ıslandı.)

20
"Get + past participle" da aynı şekilde kullanılır ve passive bir anlam taşır.

She didn't want to go out because she was tired.

(Dışarı çıkmak istemedi çünkü yorgundu.)

Having worked for three hours without stopping, she got

tired. (Ara vermeden üç saat çalışınca yoruldu.)

When she came home, she was very annoyed.

(Eve geldiğinde çok öfkeliydi.)

She got very annoyed when she heard the news.

(Haberi duyunca çok öfkelendi.)

"Annoy, please, surprise, frighten, etc." gibi fiilleri kullanırken dikkatli olunuz. Bu fiillerin active
biçimleri "kızdırmak, memnun etmek, şaşırtma/c, korkutmak vb." biçimindedir. Eğer bunları "kızmak,
memnun olmak, şaşırmak, korkmak" anlamında kullanmak istiyorsak, "be + past participle" ya da
"get + past participle" yapısıyla, yani passive cümle yapısıyla kullanmamız gerekir.

She disappointed me with her low grades.

(Düşük notlarıyla beni hayal kırıklığına uğrattı.)

I was disappointed with her low grades.

(Düşük notlarından dolayı hayal kırıklığına uğradım.)

He surprises us all with his strange behaviour.

(Garip davranışlarıyla hepimizi şaşırtıyor.)

We are all surprised at his strange behaviour.

(Onun garip davranışlarına hepimiz şaşırıyoruz.)

He annoyed me by coming late for his appointment.

(Randevusuna geç gelerek beni kızdırdı.)

I got annoyed when he came late for his appointment.

(Randevusuna geç gelince ona kızdım.)

The dog frightened me when it suddenly appeared in front

of me. (Köpek aniden önüme çıkınca, beni korkuttu.)

l got frightened when a dog suddenly appeared in front of

me. (Aniden önüme bir köpek çıkınca, korktum.)

EXERCISE 12 : Use an appropriate form of get and the given verbs.

1- We (lose) got lost after we took a wrong turning in the forest.

2- Yon had better (dress) .......................... before your aunt arrives. It's not very polite
to greet her wearing your pyjamas.
3- She (depress) .......................... whenever her husband has to work out of London for
long periods.
4. As the elephant came towards the bush which we were hiding behind, we (more and more,
frighten) .......................... . You can imagine the relief we felt when the animal walked off in
the opposite direction.

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 5- I used to like her before she (promote) .......................... . Now she is so bossy that I can't
stand her any more.

6- He works with clients from so many different countries that sometimes he (confuse)
......................... and talks to Spaniards in Italian, or to the Japanese in Russian.

7- It's only two weeks now until we fly to Egypt for our holiday. We (both, excite)
............................ about it.

8- She likes working for the charity, but she (embarrass) .......................... when she has to
appear in public on their behalf.

9- Don't go to Birmingham now. The roads are terrible at this time of day. You (delay)
.......................... in the traffic.

10- While Julia and Robert (divorce) ........................... she claimed that the set of golf clubs
should belong to her, although she hates golf. In the end, the judge decided Robert could
keep it.

11- I (upset) .......................... by all this talk of the war. Please change the subject.

12- It was reported in the news bulletin that some of the houses in Marmaris (damage)
......................... during the earthquake.

13- I don't trust the group of boys that Joseph has made friends with. I'm afraid he (encourage)
......................... to misbehave.

14- During this holiday with your cousin, you (better, acquaint) .......................... with him. You
might find that you have a lot in common.

15- Studies have shown that children of drug users (often, involve) .......................... with drugs
themselves.

10- "BY PHRASE" OR ANOTHER PREPOSITION:

Bazı cümlelerde, eylemi yapan kişinin yanı sıra, eylemin hangi araçla yapıldığını da ifade etmek
isteriz.
He chopped the wood with an axe.
The wood was chopped with an axe (by him).
The burglar hit the owner on the head with a stone.
The owner was hit on the head with a stone (by the burglar.)
You must write your compositions in ink.
Your compositions must be written in ink.

Eylemi yapan kişi ya da nesneyi "by" ile ifade ederiz: by him, by the burglar, etc. gibi.

22
Eylemi yapmak için kullanılan aracı ise "with, in, on, etc." gibi o sözcüğün kendine Özgü
preposition'ı ile ifade ederiz. With an axe, with a stone, in ink, etc. gibi. Eğer eylem kendiliğinden
gerçekleşmişse, nesneler için de "by phrase" kullanırız.
He was hit on the head with a stone by the burglar.
(Vurma eylemini kişi yapıyor.)
A stone rolled down the cliffs and he was injured by the falling stone.
(Taş kendiliğinden düşüyor.)

EXERCISE 13 : Choose the correct answer.

1- Advertisements for council jobs in Wales are always printed ....... two languages:
English and Welsh.
A) with B) in C) by D) on E) from
2- The living room was decorated ....... the homecoming party. As their son had been in
Kosova for one year, they wanted to hold a special welcoming party for him.
A) from B) by C) for D) with E) on
3- The front door was decorated ....... a banner, balloons and streamers.
A) by B) on C) with D) at E) in

4- The living room and front door were decorated ....... his family and friends.
A) from B) in C) on D) with E) by
5- Several people were struck ........ bullets during the riots.
A) in B) by C) for D) on E) about
6- It appears that Mr Smith didn't have a heart attack. Police think that he was struck
over the head ....... a blunt object, possibly a candle stick.
A) about B) on C) in D) with E) from
7- The ideas for Lawrence Durrell's book 'The Black Book' were taken .......... his
experiences while living abroad in Greece, Cyprus and Egypt.
A) from B) by C) about D) in E) with
8- The airline passengers were taken ........ a bus from Manchester to Birmingham,
where the aeroplane was supposed to have landed.
A) for B) from C) on D) about E) of
9- Mary's old pram is used ....... a toy now. The children push their teddy bears around
the garden in it.
A) of B) as C) by D) from E) in
10- My grandfather's hunting cabin was built ....... logs.
A) out of B) in C) about D) as E) for
11- The branches had been cut ......... local trees before my grandfather was born.
A) from B) for C) by D) with E) in

23
 12- In rural areas, chickens are usually kept ........ their eggs.
A) from B) in C) inside D) for E) by
13- His illness deteriorated ......... his poor eating habits.
A) on B) for C) in D) about E) by
14- The old chest was covered ......... a beautifully embroidered tablecloth and used ......... a
coffee table.
A) on/with B) with/as C) by/by D) in/for E) for/against
15- Of course, suede shoes can't be polished, but they can be brushed ........ a stiff brush,
which removes dirt.
A) with B) on C) for D) by E) from

11- IMPERSONAL PRONOUNS in the PASSIVE

Anyone, no one, anybody, nobody, anything ve nothing gibi belgisiz zamirlerin bulunduğu active
cümleyi passive yaparken, cümlenin olumsuz anlamını bozmamaya dikkat ediniz.

Active : Nobody can repair this broken vase. (Cümlede fiil

olumlu, ancak "nobody" cümleye olumsuz bir anlam
veriyor.)
Passive : This broken vase can't be repaired by anybody.
(Cümlede fiil olumsuz olduğu zaman "nobody" yerine
"anybody", "nothing" yerine "anything" kullanılır.)

Active : Nobody has considered the result like this.

Passive : The result hasn't been considered like this.

Active : You can't do anything about this case.

Passive : Nothing can be done about this case.

Active : They don't allow anyone to leave early.

Passive : No one is allowed to leave early.

EXERCISE 14 : Change the active to the passive.

1- None of his colleagues could dissuade him from handing in his resignation.
He ........................................................... by .......................... of his colleagues.

2- Nobody could have saved his life.

His life ..................................................... by ...........................

3- It was such a terrible job that we really shouldn't have paid them anything.
It was such a terrible job that they
.................................................................................

4- Visiting the Millennium Dome doesn't interest anyone in my family.

............................................................................ in visiting the Millennium Dome.

24
 5- They haven't given any explanations to anyone yet.
.................................................................................................. yet.

6- They knew he was guilty, but they couldn't prove anything.

They knew he was guilt), but ...........................................................

7- You mustn't disturb anything until the police arrive.

............................................................... until the police arrive.

8- No one could beat Charlie that day.

................................................................ by ........................... that day.

9- You shouldn't leave anything unattended at the airport.

.................................................................................................. at the airport.

10- Nobody from this school has won this chess tournament this century.
........................................................ by ..................... from this school this century.

12- PASSIVE WITH GERUNDS-INFINITIVES *

"Want, would like, enjoy, hate, like" gibi fiiller, hem nesne alarak hem de nesne almadan
kullanılabilen fiillerdir. Eğer bu filleri nesnesiz kullanıyorsak, passive biçime dönüştürenleyiz.
Bazıları kural olarak dönüştürülebilse bile, anlam açısından bozuk cümleler elde edilir.

I want to go abroad. (No passive)

I would like to read a book. (No passive)

I like swimming. (''Swimming is liked by me." kural olarak doğru bir. cümledir.
Ancak 'Yüzme benim tarafımdan sevilir." anlamsız bir cümledir.)

Everybody likes him.

He is liked by everybody. ("O herkes tarafından sevilir." cümlesi hem kural
hem anlam açısından doğru bir cümledir.)

The secretary wants to work hard. (No passive)

The company wants a hardworking secretary.
A hardworking secretary is wanted.(Çalışkan bir sekreter aranıyor.)

I hate laughing at other people. (No passive)

(İnsanlara gülmekten nefret ederim.)
I hate someone laughing at me.
I hate being laughed at.
(Bana gülünmesin den nefret ederini.)

* Bu konu, Gerunds-Infinitives konusunu işlerken daha detaylı görülecektir. Burada, çok yaygın
olarak kullanılan "want, would like, like, enjoy, hate" gibi Juller üzerinde durulacaktır.

25
 I like to read for myself. I don't like someone to read to me.
I don't like to be read to.
(Bana kitap okunmasını sevmem.)

Gerund/Infinitive içeren bir cümlede özellikle fiillerden hangisinin active hangisinin passive olduğuna
dikkat ediniz. Bazen her iki fiil de passive olabilir.

They don't allow students to take books out from the library.
Passive 1: Students aren't allowed to take books out from the library.
(aren't allowed: passive, to take: active)
Öğrencilerin kütüphaneden dışarı kitap çıkarmalarına izin verilmiyor.

Passive 2: They don't allow books to be taken out from the library,
(don't allow; active, to be taken: passive)
Kitapların kütüphaneden dışarı çıkarılmasına izin vermiyorlar.

Passive 3: Books aren't allowed to be taken out from the library.

(aren't allowed: passive, to be taken: passive)
Kitapların kütüphaneden dışarı çıkarılmasına izin verilmiyor.

EXERCISE 15 : Change the active to the passive.

1- Some parents would prefer someone to supervise the children during the school trip.
Some parents ......................................................................... during the school trip.

2- They want a doctor to give them an opinion on their daughter's condition.

They .............................................................. an opinion on their daughter's condition by
.............................. .

3- Many unemployed people just want someone to give them a chance.

Many unemployed people just ..................................................................................

4- The customer expects us to deliver the furniture on Saturday.

We .................................................................................................. on Saturday.
The furniture ................................................................................... on Saturday.

5- My brother hates someone overtaking him on the road.

My brother ........................................................................................ on the road.

6- Lucy asked the company to promote her to manager.

Lucy .....................................................................................................................

7- They need to provide some more intensive care beds in hospitals.

Some more intensive care beds ..............................................................................

8- George likes someone challenging him. George .................................................

9- You need to obtain a permit before you can work in Canada.

A permit.................................................................. before you can work in Canada.

10- The counsil don't allow people to drive cars on the beach.
People ................................................................................................. on the beach.
The counsil ......................................................................................... on the beach.
Cars .................................................................................................... on the beach.

26
13- IT'S SAID THAT.../ HE IS SAID TO... etc.

"Main clause + noun clause" biçiminde kurulmuş olan cümleleri iki şekilde passive yapabiliriz.

Active : People say that he lives abroad now.

Passive 1 : It is said that he lives abroad now.
Passive 2 : He is said to live abroad now.

Bu iki cümlenin de Türkçe'ye çevirisi aynıdır.

Onun şimdi yurtdışında yaşadığı söyleniyor.
Active : People believe that he is the murderer of his wife.
Passive 1 : It's believed that he is the murderer of his wife.
Passive 2 : He is believed to be the murderer of his wife.

Birinci tip passive cümleye "It's + past participle" ile başlanır ve "that clause" aynen eklenir.İkinci
tip passive cümleye ise, "noun clause" daki özne ile başlanır. Bu passive biçimini tense'lere göre şu
şekillerde kullanabiliriz:

a) Present "be" (am, is, are)

They say the man upstairs is a thief.
It is said that the man upstairs is a thief.
The man upstairs is said to be a thief.

b) Simple Present

We understand that he dislikes children.

It is understood that he dislikes children.
He is understood to dislike children.

c) Past "be" (was, were)

They say that he was very rich in the past.

It is said that he was very rich in the past.
He is said to have been very rich in the past.

d) Simple Past

People claim that he left the country two months ago.

It is claimed that he left the country two months ago.
He is claimed to have left the country two months ago.

e) Present Perfect

People think that he has deserted his family.

It's thought that he has deserted his family.
He is thought to have deserted his family.

f) Present Progressive

We think he is waiting there now.

It's thought that he is waiting there now.
He is thought to be waiting there now.

27
g) Past Progressive

People say he was working very hard.

It is said that he was working very hard.
He is said to have been working very hard.

h) Future Tense (will or going to)

People expect that the rate of exchange will go down soon.

It is expected that the rate of exchange will go down soon.
The rate of exchange is expected to go down soon.

Present Passive (am, is, are done)

They say that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
It is said that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
A lot of electrical appliances are said to be stolen every day.

j) Past Passive (was, were done)

They report that two people were killed in the explosion.

It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion.
Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.

Temel cümledeki yüklem past tense ise, passive cümlede "was, were" kullanmamız gerekir.

People believed that he had committed the crime.

It was believed that he had committed the crime.
He was believed to have committed the crime.

Temel cümlenin yüklemi "present", yan cümleciğin yüklemi "past" olduğu zaman passive cümlede
"to have done" yapısının kullanıldığını gördük. Bunun nedeni, eylemler arasındaki zaman ilişkisini
vurgulamaktır.

They believe she acted deliberately.

(believe: present, acted: past)
It is believed that she acted deliberately.
She is believed to have acted deliberately.

Eğer hem temel cümlenin hem de yan cümleciğin yüklemi "past" ise, iki eylem arasında zaman farkı
olmadığı için, bu ifadeyi passive yapıya "to do" biçiminde aktarırız. Yan cümledeki eylem daha önce
gerçekleşmişse, bunu active cümlede "past perfect" kullanarak ifade ederiz. Bu durumda, iki eylem
arasındaki farkı göstermek için passive cümlede yine "to have done" kullanırız.

They believed she knew the truth.

(believed: past, knew: past)
She was believed to know the truth.

They believed she had acted deliberately,

(believed: past, had acted: past perfect)
She was believed to have acted deliberately.

Bu passive yapısıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan fiiller say, claim, understand, think, suppose, expect,
report, allege, acknowledge, assume, estimate, believe, consider gibi fiillerdir.

28
EXERCISE 16 : Change the active to the passive.

1- People assume that she turned down the offer.

It ........................................................................................................ the offer.
She ..................................................................................................... the offer.

2- People say that he knows more than anyone about genetic science.
It ........................................................ more than anyone about genetic science.
He ....................................................... more than anyone about genetic science.

3- People suspect that he resigned because of the scandal.

It ................................................................................... because of the scandal.
He ................................................................................. because of the scandal.

4- They believe that West Bromwich is unsafe at night.

It .......................................................................................................... at night.
West Bromwich .................................................................................... at night.

5- They claim that the company has plenty of jobs available.

It ...................................................................................................................... .
The company ................................................................. plenty of jobs available.

6- They expect that the company will sell twenty percent of its shares.
It.................................................................................. twenty percent of its shares.
The company ................................................................ twenty percent of its shares.

7- People observed that children in the Sudan were suffering from malnutrition.
It............................................................................................. from malnutrition.
Children in the Sudan .............................................................. from malnutrition.

8- They report that fighting has broken out again in Indonesia.

It .............................................................................................. again in Indonesia.
Fighting .......................,............................................................ again in Indonesia.

9- We understand that the government has introduced a new tax on parking.

It................................................................................. a new tax on parking.
The government....................................................................... a new tax on parking.

10- They expect that 50,000 people will lose their jobs as a result of the factory's closure.
It ................................................................................. as a result of the factory's closure.
50,000 people ............................................................. as a result of the factory's closure.

29
EXERCISE 17 : a) Complete the passage below using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Some of the sentences are passive and some are active.

CRAZY HORSE

Crazy Horse (l.bear) ............................... on Rapid Creek, USA, in 1843. Although he (2.be)
............................... not the son of a chief, he (3.become) ............................... one of the greatest
leaders of his people during his life.
The boyhood of Crazy Horse (4.spend) ............................... in the days when the western Sioux
Indians (5.seldom, see) ............................... a white man. He (6.bring) ............................... up carefully
according to the Sioux tribal customs. Crazy Horse (7.love) ............................... horses, and his father
(8.give) ............................... him a pony of his own when he was very young. He (9.become)
............................... a fine horseman and (10.accompany) ........................ his father on buffalo hunts. In
those days, the Sioux (11.have) ............................... only a few guns, and the hunting (12.do)
............................... mostly with bow and arrows.
Young Crazy Horse was twenty-one years old when all the western and plains Sioux Indians (13.meet)
.............................. in council to determine upon their future policy toward the white settlers. They
(14.reason) ............................... that the country was wide, and that the white traders should (15.make)
............................... welcome. Up to that time, they (16.anticipate) ............................... no conflict.
They (17.perm.it) ............................... the Oregon Trail, but now to their astonishment, forts
(18.build) ............................... in their territory.
After years of unrest, in 1866, The Sioux (19.decide) ............................... to defend their rights
and territory by force. Attacks (20.make) ............................... upon the forts throughout Sioux territory.
Crazy Horse (21. become) ............................... the leader of the Sioux warriors. He (22.lead)
............................... his men to victory on many occasions and (23. never, defeat) ...............................
in a military battle, but he (24.kill) ............................... when he was only 34 years of age, on
September 6, 1877. He (25.stab) ............................... in the back by an American soldier at Fort
Robinson, Nebraska, while he was under US Army protection.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- During Crazy Horse's childhood, Sioux Indians ....... .

A) erected forts on their territory
B) usually hunted with rifles
C) rarely came into contact with white settlers
D) were fighting continually with the US cavalry
E) never lost in battles with other tribes

2- Crazy Horse ...... .

A) was shot in a battle
B) was mortally wounded while buffalo hunting
C) was captured when he fell off his horse
D) disagreed with the other council members
E) was killed by an American soldier

3- The Sioux's original reaction to the white traders was that they ...... .
A) could defeat all the other Indian tribes if they joined forces
B) ought to be welcomed and not opposed
C) would definitely destroy their buffalo hunting grounds
D) should be resisted by force immediately
E) could not be trusted even if they signed a treaty with them

30
EXERCISE 18 : a) Complete the passage using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Some of the sentences are passive and some are active.

A CYCLE RIDE ALONG THE NILE

Recently, Tim de Vere Green (l.ride) ............................... 400 kilometres along the Nile in
Egypt. He (2 Join) ............................... 130 other participants of all ages to raise money for the charity
'Mencap'. In total. £150.000 (3.raise) ............................... for the charity. The participants (4.sleep)
............................... on a boat during the trip. The cycle ride (5.start) ....,........................., in the town of
Esna and as the cyclists (6.ride) ............................... through the town, the streets (7.line)
.............................. with children who (8.wave) ............................... at them and (9.shout)
............................... greetings.
The cyclists (10.wake) ............................... up at 5.45 every morning by the crew on the boat.
During the cycle ride, Tim (11.surprise) ............................... to notice that, although the Nile
(12.border) ............................... by lush green fertile land, only a few hundred yards away, the earth
(13.become) ............................... dry and barren. The cyclists (14.ride) ............................... to the
Aswan Dam and (15.see) ............................... the Philae temple, which (16.move) ...............................
stone by stone from its original location because it (17.threaten) ............................... with total
submersion from the lake behind the dam. The day after their visit to the dam (18.be)
............................... the longest day of the trip. Although they (19.cycle) ............................... all day
and (20.cover) ............................... 137 kilometres, they (21.exhaust) ............................... but jubilant
at the end of the day. Shortly before the end of the trip, they (22.stop) ............................... at the Valley
of the Kings, where 62 pharaohs (23.entomb) ..........,.'................... between 1500 and 500 BC. Tim
(24.find) ............................... his short adventure rewarding not only because he (25.raise)
............................... some money for a charity, but also because he (26.learn) ............................... a lot
about himself through spending six to eight hours each day alone on his bike.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- We can infer from the information given in the passage that the former location of the
Philae temple ........ .
A) was in the Valley of the Kings
B) was blocking the cycle route
C) now belongs to a charity organisation
D) was sold to raise money for charity
E) is now under the water

2- The land outside the immediate Nile Valley is described in the passage as ...... .
A) poor and arid
B) densely populated
C) rich and productive
D) full of historical sites
E) submerged under water

3- The reason Tim learned a lot about himself on the trip is that he
A) visited so many historical places
B) spent a lot of time by himself
C) raised a lot of money for 'Mencap'
D) noticed only the Nile Valley is lush and green
E) got up very early every morning

31
EXERCISE 19 : a) Complete the passage using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Some of the sentences are passive and some are active.

THE MILLENNIUM DOME, GREENWICH

Greenwich, near London, (1.be) ............................... the home of the world's Prime Meridian, the
line which (2.divide) ............................... the Western Hemisphere from the Eastern. It (3.be)
............................... also the point from which all time zones (4.begin) ............................... . Some time
ago, the government (5.launch) ............................... a 750-million-pound project to build a dome on
the site of a disused gas works there to mark the new Millennium in 2000. The expensive plans (6.not,
welcome) ............................... by all and since its opening, the press (7. be) ...............................
particularly negative. However, the Dome, which (8.open) ............................... officially by Elizabeth
II on 31st December. 1999, (9.solar, welcome) ............................... warmly by visitors. The dome
(10.suspend) ............................... from twelve 100-metre-high steel masts and. with a circumference of
one kilometre, (11.be) ............................... the largest structure of its kind in the world. 50.000 visitors
can (12.accommodate) ............................... at any one time. During the year 2000, more than
12,000,000 people (13.expect) ............................... to visit the Millennium Exhibition. More than
5.000 people (14.employ) ............................... in running and managing the exhibition.
The exhibition itself (15.divide) ............................... into fourteen 'zones' which (16.sponsor)
............................... by private companies. For example, the 'Body Zone', which (17.focus)
............................... on biology and medicine, (18.sponsor) ............................... by Boots the chemists.
The organisers of the 'Money Zone' (19.lend) ............................... £1 million in the form of 20,000
£50, which line the walls, from the Bank of England. The notes (20.cover) ............................... with
reinforced glass. The other zones are: Self Portrait, Journey, Rest, Play, Work, Learning, Shared
Ground. Home Planet, Mind, Living Island, Faith and Talk. The concept of the exhibition is to teach
children and adults about the environment and the future in a fun way.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- It's clear from the passage that the Millennium Dome ...... .
A) won't earn as much money as was originally estimated
B) is a scientific research centre
C) has been popular with visitors but not with the press
D) is the tallest structure in the world ever built
E) was paid for totally out of tax collected by the government

2- It is estimated that, by the end of the year 2000, ....... .

A) about 20,000 visitors will have visited the 'Money Zone'
B) over 5,000 tickets will have been sold for the exhibition
C) the exhibition will have had over 12,000,000 visitors
D) 750 million pounds will have been raised by ticket sales
E) the price of the ticket for the 'Money Zone' will be raised to £50

3- The passage tells us that the location chosen for the Dome
A) is in London because it's the capital city of the country
B) forms the basis of the criticism made by the press
C) was available at a low cost as it was a disused area
D) is important to the world for other reasons as well
E) is situated in one of the best parts of London

32
EXERCISE 20 : a) Complete the passage using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Use active or passive.

AIRPORT MALARIA

The disease Malaria (1.transmit) ............................... by mosquitoes. It (2.be) ...............................

a very old disease. It (3.believe) ............................... that prehistoric man (4.suffer)
.............................. from malaria. It probably (5.originate) ............................... in Africa and
(6.accompany) ............................... human migration to the Mediterranean shores. India and South
East Asia. In the past, it used to be common in the marshy areas around Rome, and the disease
(7,name) ............................... 'mal-aria', meaning 'bad air' in Italian; it (8.also, know)
............................... as Roman fever. Today some 500 million people in Africa, India, South East Asia
and South America (9.expose) ............................... to malaria and it (10.estimate) ...............................
to cause two and a half million deaths annually, one million of which are children.
In recent years, the so called "airport malaria" (11.become) ............................... a big problem in
Europe as well. A bartender who (12.work ............................... in an establishment close to London's
Heathrow Airport (13.become) ............................... acutely ill and (14.diagnose) ...............................
with malaria, although he (15.never, be) ............................... out of the country. A lady who (16.drive)
............................... her car past the same airport (17.become) ............................... ill with malaria
although she, too, (18.never, be) ............................... out of the country. Four workers who (19.unload)
............................... a cargo plane at Amsterdam Airport (20.become) ............................... infected with
malaria. It (21.assume) ............................... that, in all these cases, infected mosquitoes (22.carry)
............................... on planes from Africa and (23.release) ............................... at the destination
airport.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- It is believed that the workers at Amsterdam Airport contracted malaria from ..

A) being bitten by mosquitoes brought there with the cargo
B) handling goods from Africa
C) passengers from Africa or South East Asia
D) visiting the marshy area that surrounds the Italian city of Rome
E) travelling abroad to Africa, South East Asia or South America

2- According to the passage, most of the deaths caused by malaria today occur .. .
A) in and around airports
B) in Africa, India, South East Asia and South America
C) in the Italian city of Rome
D) around the shores of the Mediterranean
E) in areas where the air is bad

3- The name malaria comes from

A) the name of the mosquito which causes the disease
B) the Italian for 'mosquito'
C) the name the disease was called by prehistoric man
D) the Italian words for 'bad air'
E) the name of a region with bad air around Rome

33
EXERCISE 21 : a) Complete the passage using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Use active or passive.

MARY JANE SEACOLE (1805-1881)

A statue of Mary Jane Seacole (1. erect)............................... next year in Liverpool. She (2.
be)............................... a Jamaican nurse and a heroine of the Crimean War.

Mary (3. bear)............................... in Jamaica, the daughter of a Scottish military officer and a
Jamaican healer. Mary (4. educate)............................... well, and she (5. become) ............................... a
skilled nurse. When the Crimean War (6. break)............................... out, she (7. travel)
............................... to London and (8. apply)............................... to go to Crimea to tend the wounded
soldiers, but she (9. not, grant)............................... an interview by the British War Office. Then, she
(l0. apply)............................... to Elizabeth Herbert, who (11. recruit)............................... nurses for the
war effort, but again, Mary (12. deny) ............................... an interview. Apparently, Britain (13. not,
be)............................... ready to welcome a black nurse.
Undaunted, Mary (14. go)............................... on her own initiative and in 1856. she
(15. establish) ............................... the British Hotel near Balaclava at her own expense in order to
provide food and accommodation for wounded officers. She often (16. 30)............................... to the
battlefield to care for the wounded there. After the war, Mary Seacole (17. go) ...............................
bankrupt, but her story (18. feature)............................... by the British press and money (19. raise)
............................... by subscriptions to pay off her debts. In 1857, she (20. publish)...............................
The wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands'. The book was a great success and Mary
Seacole became a popular figure. She (21. spend) ............................... the rest of her life travelling and
working between London and Jamaica. She (22. become)............................... famous and (23.
award)............................... a Crimean Medal, The French Legion of Honour and a Turkish medal by
the time she (24. die)................... in 1881. Since then, many nursing institutions (25.
name)............................... after her.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- The author suggests that the main reason for Mary Seacole's rejection by the British
War Office was.......
A) her Scottish father
B) her colour
C) her lack of education
D) the British press
E) her debts

2- Mary's desperate financial situation following the Crimean War was eased after
A) she was rejected by the British War Office
B) a nursing institution was named after her
C) the British press published her story
D) she was awarded a Turkish medal
E) she ran a boarding house in Balaclava

3- We can deduce from the passage that 'undaunted' probably means........

A) not wealthy, earning very little
B) unattractive, ugly
C) unknown, obscure
D) well educated, intelligent
E) not discouraged, fearless

34
EXERCISE 22: a) Complete the passage using the correct forms of the verbs given.
Use active or passive.

SHREWSBURY SCHOOL

One of the oldest schools Britain has. Shrewsbury School (1. situate)............................... on the
opposite side of the River Severn to the ancient town of Shrewsbury. The grounds of the school (2.
once, describe)............................... by Sir Neville Cardus as "the most beautiful playing fields in the
world". The school (3. found)............................... by King Edward VI in 1552. The original policies of
the school, which (4. write)............................... by the third Headmaster, (5. still,
preserve)............................... in the library. Several famous people, including George Savile and
Charles Darwin, (6. educate)............................... there. It is a boarding school where boys (7. live)
............................... in Houses. Each House (8. contain)............................... 60 hoys, who (9. look)
............................... after by the house master and his wife, the team of tutors and a matron. The senior
boys (10. encourage) ............................... to take responsibility for good order in the House. The
standard of accommodation (11. consider)............................... to be among the best in the country.
About ten percent of the boys (12. come)............................... from overseas. Overseas boys who
(13. have) ............................... no relations in England (14. find)............................... guardians there.
Thus they (15. provide)................................. with a home environment in short holidays and school
breaks. Parents (16, encourage)............................... to take an interest in all that is going on within the
school.
The school (17, equip)............................... with excellent academic and sporting facilities. A new
£1. 5 million Information Technology Centre (18. open)............................... in May 1996.
On average, 97 percent of the boys (19. enter)............................... university each year and around
25 boys (20. gain)............................... places at Oxford or Cambridge.

b) Choose the correct answer according to the passage.

1- We can deduce from, the passage that girls.......

A) are accepted in smaller numbers than boys
B) graduating from Shrewsbury School don't usually become famous
C) do better on average than boys at Shrewsbury School
D) aren't accepted at Shrewsbury School
E) don't usually attend university after leaving Shrewsbury School

2- Students from abroad without relations in the UK

A) find families to look after them during breaks
B) have to fly home even for short breaks
C) always stay with the parents of another pupil
D) stay with the housekeeper and his wife in school breaks
E) spend school holidays in their dormitories

3- King Edward VI is connected with the school because.......

A) he used to be one of its most famous students
B) he established the school originally
C) he wrote the original policies for the school
D) he praised the beautiful surroundings
E) he was educated with Charles Darwin there

35
 EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS

1- Recently, a new way of treating this disease ……………. .

A) would be developed B) has been developed
C) had developed D) has been developing
E) was being developed
(ÖYS 1988)
2- They didn't allow anyone to leave before the end of the month.
cümlesinin edilgen (passive) biçimi aşağıdakilerden hangisidir?
A) Everyone has been allowed to leave before the end of the month.
B) No one had been allowed to leave before the end of the month.
C) Everyone was allowed to leave before the end of the month.
D) No one was allowed to leave before the end of the month.
E) No one has been allowed to leave before the end of the month.
(ÖYS 1989)
3- James should tell everyone the good news as soon as possible.
cümlesinin edilgen (passive) biçimini elde etmek için boş bırakılan yere aşağıdakilerden
hangisi getirilmelidir?
............ as soon as possible.
A) Everyone should be told the good news
B) James should be told the good news
C) Everyone should have told James the good news
D) James should tell the good news to everyone
E) Everyone should have been told the good news
(ÖYS 1990)
4- Andrew's car .......... because he had forgotten to lock it.
A) has stolen B) is stolen
C) was stolen D) had stolen
E) will be stolen
(ÖYS 1991)
5- All the expenses for the scientific explorations in the area .......... by a number of private
institutions.
A) had borne B) bore
C) will bear D) have borne
E) are borne
(ÖYS 1992)
6- Despite new urban developments and the expansion of industrial sites, still 70 % of the land
area of the Netherlands ......... for farming.
A) was using B) is used
C) would have used D) has to use
E) uses
(ÖYS 1993)
7- Chemical preservatives ........ as substances which are added to foods to prevent deterioration.
A) can be defined B) define
C) have defined D) were defining
E) had been defined
(ÖYS 1994)

36
8- Since he ....... from prison, he ....... unable to sleep properly.
A) has been released/was B) had released/had been
C) was released/has been D) released/is being
E) had been released/would be
(ÖYS 1994)
9- By the time we ........ nearly all the food
A) arrived/had been eaten B) arrive/has been eaten
C) are arriving/has to be eaten D) would arrive/had eaten
E) have arrived/is being eaten
(ÖYS 1996)
10- Everyone was surprised to see us because we ......... to return before the middle of the month.
A) are not expected B) have not expected
C) were not expected D) are not expecting
E) have not been expecting
(ÖYS 1997)
11- The Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, was designed and
Built by the French engineer De Lesseps.
A) Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz'i birleştiren Süveyş Kanalı, Fransız mühendis De Lesseps tarafından
tasarlanmış ve inşa edilmiştir.
B) Fransız mühendis De Lesseps'in tasarlamış ve inşa etmiş olduğu Süveyş Kanalı, Akdeniz ile
Kızıl Deniz'i birleştirir.
C) Süveyş Kanalı'nı tasarlayıp inşa eden Fransız mühendis De Lesseps, Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz'i
birleştirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
D) Süveyş Kanalı'nın Fransız mühendis De Lesseps tarafından tasarlanıp inşa edilmesiyle,
Akdeniz'in Kızıl Deniz ile birleşmesi sağlanmıştır.
E) Akdeniz ile Kızıl Deniz'in birleşmesi, Fransız mühendis De Lesseps'in Süveyş Kanalı'nı
tasarlayıp inşa etmesiyle olmuştur.
(YDS 2000)
12- The house looked dreadful as no one was living there and most of the windows ........ .
A) have been broken B) had been broken
C) broke D) were being broken
E) would have broken
(YDS 2001)

"TEST YOURSELF" BÖLÜMÜNDEKİ SORULARI YANITLARKEN

NELERE DİKKAT EDECEKSİNİZ?
Son bir kaç yılda ÖYS İngilizce sınavında çıkan Passive konusuyla ilgili sorular biçim
değiştirmiştir. Önceki yıllarda olduğu gibi "verilen etken, cümlenin edilgen biçimini bulmak" .
yerine, sizden istenen, cümledeki boşluğa getireceğiniz yüklemin hem "tense"ini belirlemek hem de
yüklemin etken mi yoksa edilgen mi olduğuna karar vermektir. Böyle bir soruyu yanıtlarken şu
noktalara dikkat ediniz:
1- Eğer seçeneklerdeki fiil "bear, treat, announce, etc." gibi nesne alan bir fiilse, active cümlede
nesnesiz kullanılamaz. O halde cümlede bırakılan boşluktan sonra bir "nesne" yok ise o
cümlenin yüklemi "passive"dir.
Ex.1: Their engagement................. when her parents return from abroad.

A) was announced B) has been announced

C) is going to announce D) will have announced
E) will be announced

37
Seçeneklerdeki "announce" fiili nesne alan bir fiildir. Cümledeki boşluktan sonra bir nesne
olmadığına göre bu cümlenin yüklemi "passive"dir. ''Active" oldukları için "C" ve "D"
seçeneklerini hemen eleyebiliriz. "... when her parents return from, abroad" ifadesi temel cümlede
"Future tense" gerektirdiği için "A" ve ''B" seçeneklerini de elediğimizde, doğru seçeneğin "E"
olduğunu görürüz.
Ex.2: They ............ their engagement when her parents return from abroad.
A) were announced B) had announced
C) are going to announce D) will have been announced
E) have announced
Aynı yöntemi kullandığımızda doğru seçeneğin "C" olduğunu görüyoruz.

2- Seçeneklerdeki fiil "give, tell, lend, etc."gibi iki nesne alabilen (dolaylı nesne+dolaysız
nesne) bir fiil olabilir. Bu fiillerin iki şekilde passive yapılabileceğini görmüştük.

Active : They gave him an award.

I.O. D.O.

Passive 1 : He was given an award.

Passive 2 : An award was given to him.

Böyle bir fiil active cümlede kullanıldığında, iki tane nesnesinin olması gerekir. Size verilen cümlede
boşluktan sonra bir nesne varsa, yüklem "passive"dir.
Ex.3- They .................... him an award last year.
A) were given B) gave
C) had been given D) have given
E) will have given
Boşluktan sonra iki nesne olduğu için yüklemin "active"; "tense" kurallarına göre ise "past" olması
gerekiyor. Doğru seçenek "B"dir.
Ex.4- He .................... an award last year.
A) was given B) gave
C) had given D) has been given
E) will have given

Doğru seçenek "A"dır.

Ex.5- An award ...................... to him last year.
A) was given B) gave
C) had given D) has been given
E) will have given

Doğru seçenek yine "A"dır.

3- Size verilen cümlede "by him, by the authorities, etc." gibi bir ifade varsa, yüklem mutlaka
"passive"dir. 'Tense" kurallarına dikkat ederek doğru yanıtı bulabilirsiniz.
Ex.6- He ...................... by a famous doctor when he goes to the U.S.A.
A) was treated B) has been treated
C) will have treated D) will be treated
E) is going to treat

Doğru seçenek "D"dir.

38
 TEST YOURSELF 1

1- The statistics ....... that education levels in 7- International relations is a 20th-century

the UK ....... in the areas of mathematics subject, though foreign policy ........ out
and English in recent months. between countries for many centuries.
A) are shown/are improved A) is being carried
B) show/have been improving B) was carrying
C) will be shown/will be improved C) has been carried
D) had been showing/have improved D) had been carrying
E) were shown/might improve E) will have carried
8- To achieve the unique coral red of the
2- Due to the pressure which ....... on schools
Ottoman tiles in the 16th century,
to improve their results in mathematics
craftsmen ....... a mixture of iron-oxide and
and English, arts and crafts ....... .
quartz.
A) is placing/were neglected
A) used to fire B) were fired
B) will place/were neglecting
C) have fired D) will be fired
C) was placed/have been neglected
E) could be fired
D) had been placed/are neglecting
E) placed/will have neglected 9- PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL' ....... in
capital letters on the envelope, but still the
3- Understandably, his colleagues ....... when letter was open when it ........ on my desk.
John left his job just after he
A) was written/was put
A) are shocked/was promoting B) had written/was putting
B) have been shocked/is promoted C) is being written/has put
C) were shocked/had been promoted D) was writing/has been put
D) had been shocked/has promoted E) has been written/will be put
E) are being shocked/is promoting
10- The pretty flower Viola ....... in 1863 by a
4- The sentence ....... out by the judge when Scottish plant breeder, who ...... wild
the court reassembles after lunch. pansies with a garden variety.

A) was read B) had been read A) is created/had been crossing

C) should read D) will be read B) was created/crossed
E) will have read C) has been created/was crossing
D) created/was crossed
5- For today's writing test, you ....... to write a E) could create/had crossed
composition of at least four paragraphs. 11- The area around the village of Grange in
A) have required the Lake District ....... the 'Jaws of
B) require Borrowdale' because of the jagged rocks
C) required which ....... the valley.
D) will have required A) is being called/are bordered
E) are required B) has been called/were bordered
C) is called/border
6- In my opinion, all the debts of the Third D) has called/will border
World countries ....... by the USA and the E) would be called /have bordered
EU.
12- The lead mine, which ....... since Roman
A) should be cancelled times, ....... work for the local inhabitants.
B) are cancelling
C) could be cancelling A) is using/provided
D) ought to have cancelled B) will be used/has provided
E) have been canceling C) has been used/provides
D) is used/will provide

39
 E) has used/is going to provide D) will mix/will be produced
13- Experts say that your chances of a long E) is mixed/produces
and healthy life ....... if you ....... plenty of
19- 1999 ....... a year when many
fresh fruit and vegetables.
tragedies ........ including the terrible mud
A) enhance/are eaten slides in Venezuela and the horrific
B) will be enhanced/were eating arthquakes in Turkey.
C) enhanced/are eating
D) are enhanced/eat A) is/were happening
E) have enhanced/will be eaten B) was/happened
C) is being/will happen
14- When he ....... his room for the first time in D) has been/had been happening
his life, his mother ....... him a look of E) had been/have happened
surprise.
A) will tidy/will be giving 20- The last two times I ....... the health club,
B) had been tidying/was given I ....... for my membership card, but we
C) has been tidied/gives had better take them with us today.
D) was tidying/has given E) tidied/gave
A) have visited /haven't asked
15- Since the 1960s, new roads ........ in Lhasa, B) was visited /don't ask
Tibet's capital, and now a highway C) visited/wasn't asked
system ........ the city with the major cities D) was visiting/didn't ask
in neighboring provinces. E) had visited/won't be asked
A) have been built /connects
B) were built/is connected 21-As might be expected from China's huge
C) had built/is connecting area and variety of regional climates, most
D) are being built/has connected of the types of plants that ......... in the
E) could have built/will connect Northern Hemisphere ......... there, except
for those varieties common to the arctic
16- It's true that life ....... as anything may and tundra regions.
happen at any time, but some precautions,
such as insurance policies, ....... against A) will grow/have found
disaster. B) are grown/are finding
C) have grown/were being found
A) mustn't be predicted/have taken D) grow/can be found
B) shouldn't predict/have been taking E) will have grown/used to be found
C) doesn't predict/are taking
D) can't be predicted/can be taken
E) hasn't predicted/might be taken 22- Mount Everest ......... as the highest point
on the Earth until 1852, when the
17- Harry & Senga's octagonal-shaped governmental Survey of India ........ the
home ....... by James Salmon in 1890. fact.
It ....... that he only designed ten octagonal
properties. A) hasn't been recognised/established
B) didn't recognise/has established
A) was building/thinks C) hasn't recognised /would establish
B) has been built/was thought D) wouldn't recognise/was established
C) would have built/was thinking E) wasn't recognised /established
D) had been built/has been thinking
E) was built/is thought
23- Alternatives to the 'right to trial by jury'
18- When yellow paint with blue, it ....... green. system ........ but all the ideas which ....... so
far are unacceptable.
A) mixes/is produced
B) mixed/was produced A) are being considered/have been discussed
C) has been mixing/has produced B) have been considering/were discussed

40
 C) had been considered/are discussing D) will have been displaying
D) have considered/have been discussing E) have been displayed
E) are considering/are discussed
30- Before the United Nations sanctions ........
24- People can now buy and sell shares over
sixty to eighty percent of our dates .......
the Internet and it ...... that over 50 new
from Iraq.
millionaires ....... this year by 'e-
commerce'. A) were imposed/were obtained
B) are imposing/are obtaining
A) is estimating/are creating
C) were imposing/have obtained
B) had been estimated/create
D) imposed/will be obtained
C) is estimated/will be created
E) are being imposed/have been obtained
D) estimated/had been creating
E) will have estimated/were created 31- A 'Welsh dresser' ....... as a piece of
kitchen furniture which ........ shelves and
25- Numerous expeditions, which ........ by cupboards in one unit.
various countries, ........ since the first
A) should be described/is combined
successful climb of Mount Everest.
B) has described/can combine
A) are sponsored/are being undertaken C) can be described/combines
B) were sponsored /have been undertaken D) used to describe/combined
C) have sponsored/will be undertaking E) is described/could be combined
D) have been sponsored/undertook
E) had sponsored/will have undertaken 32- Since Bernard ....... from the bank, he .......
unable to find another job.
26- Recently, a new vaccine against A) was dismissed/has been
measles ....... . B) used to be dismissed/is
C) has been dismissed/had to be
A) will have developed
D) had been dismissing/was
B) had been developing
E) will be dismissed/might have been
C) had developed
D) was developing E) has been developed
33- By the time we seats all the covered ....... .
A) arrive/might have occupied
27- The lounge carpet ....... after Ralph ........
B) will arrive/have been occupying
some bleach on it.
C) are arriving/will occupy
A) is ruined/was spilling D) were arriving/have been occupied
B) has ruined/had spilt E) arrived/had been occupied
C) has been ruined/was spilt
D) was ruined/spilt 34- I'm glad you didn't give me this essay
E) will have ruined/is spilt yesterday after all. We had a long power
cut, so I ....... it for you.
28- All the expenses of shipping your A) won't be able to type
furniture ....... by the company, so you B) couldn't have typed
needn't worry about that. C) had better not type
A) will bear B) will be borne D) may not be typed
C) are bearing D) were bearing E) must not have typed
E) might have borne
35- Experts are not sure whether skiing .......
into the USA for the first time by
29- From the 4th to the 18th of next month, Scandinavian settlers or by Indians from
contemporary glass and ceramics ....... at Canada.
the Fenny Lodge Gallery.
A) is introduced
A) will be displayed B) will be introduced
B) are displaying C) was being introduced
C) had been displayed D) was introduced

41
 E) can be introduced
TEST YOURSELF 2

1- Guns ....... away securely so that 7- The UN official ......... by Kosovan villagers
children ....... them. to the spot where they believed the mass
grave ........ .
A) had better lock/won't have reached
B) ought to be locked/weren't reaching A) is taken/is locating
C) may be locking/shouldn't reach B) is taking/locates
D) should be locked/can't reach C) will be taken/located
E) could have locked/may not reach D) had taken/had been located
E) was taken/was located
2- China ........ to have extensive petroleum
reserves, both on land and offshore. 8- I really dislike it when I ....... the incorrect
A) believes B) has believed change by the ferry cashiers in Istanbul.
C) will believe D) believed
A) have given B) gave
E) is believed
C) give D) am given
E) had been given
3- St John's Wort, a natural herbal
supplement which ....... Hypericin, ....... for
9- Dogs, which ....... man since ancient times,
centuries to treat minor ailments.
were mainly used on farms or for hunting
A) is contained/used in earlier times, but today they ....... to a
B) contains/has been used wide range of uses, such as drug or victim
C) is containing/is being used detection.
D) was containing/is used
E) has contained/has used A) are accompanied/have been put
B) have accompanied/are put
C) had been accompanying/are putting
4- Many interesting relics of the Kennedy D) were accompanying/put
family ....... in Culzean Castle, Scotland. E) accompany/are being put
A) will have contained
B) contain 10- In traditional cultures, it is widely believed
C) contained that when a man ....... a mask, his religious
D) are contained or magical powers ....... by changing
E) have contained identity and becoming another being.
A) has worn/release
5- Peace in Northern Ireland ....... after the
B) is worn/have released
two sides ........ for months.
C) wears/are released
A) was achieved/negotiated D) had worn/will have released
B) is achieved/we're negotiating E) will be worn/are being released
C) will have achieved/are negotiated
D) had been achieving/have negotiated
11- Obviously, the headmaster ....... that
E) has been achieved/negotiate
students ....... better to the new teaching
methods.
6- Animal lovers in England ....... that fox
hunting with horses and dogs ....... illegal. A) is believed/are responding
B) believes/will respond
A) are demanded/can make C) has believed/have been responded
B) have demanded/is making D) was believed/had been responding
C) demand/should be made E) will believe/will be responded
D) have been demanded/was made
E) will demand/will have made

42
12- We ....... that my father's new car ....... by A) was won/had set
Friday. He has promised to give his old B) is won/had been set
one to me and I want to drive to Ankara in C) won/was set
it at the weekend. D) wins/has been set
E) has won/was setting
A) are expected/will be delivering
B) expect/will have been delivered
19- Although earthquakes ........ death and
C) have been expecting/is delivering
destruction through such secondary effects
D) had expected/was delivering
as landslides, tsunamis and fires, the
E) are expecting/will have delivered
greatest losses in terms of both lives and
property ........ from the collapse of man-
13- The book 'The Lost Continent' ....... Bill
made structures during the violent
Bryson is based ....... the author's own
shaking of the ground.
experiences in America.
A) are causing/were resulted
A) from/at B) of/with
B) have been caused/resulted
C) with/from D) by/on
C) had been causing/will result
E) for/about
D) ought to be caused/have resulted
14- Of the many attempts to find clues for E) can cause/result
predicting the location, time and strength
20- This year a woman ....... President of
of future earthquakes, the best results
Finland for the first time in the country's
seem to be associated ........ seismicity
history.
studies using earthquake observatories.
A) with B) on A) was elected B) is elected
C) about D) to C) has elected D) was electing
E) in E) elected

15- Silvia repairs rush chairs and she is often 21- The civil war in Sudan ....... for seventeen
so absorbed ....... her work that she barely years now, and so far, two million
notices the world around her. people ....... .
A) in B) on A) continued/will have been killed
C) with D) from B) has been continuing/have been killed
E) to C) is continuing/had been killed
D) was continuing/were killed
16- Because of the expense of their traditional E) will have continued/will have killed
wedding, they had to limit the guests .......
their close relatives and friends. 22- Most of the 700 protesters the police .........
at Mexico's largest university ....... within
A) towards B) at
days.
C) in D) to
E) with A) had arrested/will have freed
B) are arrested/will be freed
17- The Serbian warlord Zelijko Raxnatovic, C) will be arresting/have freed
who ....... as 'Arkan', in Belgrade in D) arrested/were freed
January, 2000. E) were arrested/may be freed
A) had known/would be assassinated
23- 20 million seahorses, which ....... in
B) has been known/assassinates
Chinese medicine, ....... from the oceans
C) was known/was assassinated
each year.
D) knew/had been assassinated
E) is known/assassinated A) will be using/are being taken
B) were used/will have taken
18- When Tiger Woods ....... his sixth golfing C) will be used/must have taken
title in a row, he equalled the record of D) can be used/have taken
Ben Hogen, which ....... 52 years ago. E) are used/are taken

43
24- When Thailand ....... as Siam, mighty 30- The old lady ....... by two rottweiler dogs
elephants ....... its kings into battle. when a Shropshire huntsman ....... her life.
A) had known/were carried A) had savaged/was saved
B) is known/have been carrying B) was being savaged/saved
C) knew/could be carried C) was savaging/was saving
D) was known/used to carry D) could be savaged/had saved
E) has known/had to carry E) is being savaged/has been saved

25- In recent years, the elephant's usefulness 31- Are you sure my tablecloth .......
for labour and a means of permenantly fay this red wine?
transportation ....... by technology.
A) won't stain
A) will be eliminated B) isn't being stained
B) has been eliminated C) won't be stained
C) is eliminating D) shouldn't have stained
D) had been eliminating E) didn't use to stain
E) eliminated
32- The ascent of Ben Nevis, the highest point
26- Today, in many countries, as many as one in British Isles, ....... only in fair weather.
third of all cancer deaths ........ to cigarette
A) should be attempted
smoking.
B) could have attempted
A) are attributed C) may attempt
B) can attribute D) ought to attempt
C) had attributed E) will be attempting
D) were attributed
E) will have attributed 33- The team of climbers ....... to return to the
campsite because heavy cloud ....... their
27- My cousin had emotional problems as a vision.
teenage because he ....... up properly.
A) were decided/was restricted
A) hasn't brought B) decided/restricted
B) isn't bringing C) can decide/will be restricted
C) hadn't been brought D) should decide/was restricting
D) didn't bring E) have been decided/restricts
E) won't be brought
34- Although the queen of UK has in fact little
28- Our horse ........ when the fence down in a authority of her own, she ....... informed of
storm. events, and sometimes, she ....... by the
government in power.
A) was escaping/blew
B) is escaping/will be blown A) keeps/has consulted
C) has been escaped/has blown B) can be kept/should consult
D) must be escaped/had blown C) is kept/is consulted
E) escaped/was blown D) will keep/was consulted
E) has kept/had consulted
29- Human settlement at Sandford ....... back
to Norman times, when a group of 35- I'm sure he ....... in your lecture. He .......
monks ....... a monastery there. monarch butterflies for ten years now.
A) had traced/were built A) had been interested/studies
B) has traced/are built B) will have interested/is studying
C) could have been traced/build C) interested /will have been studying
D) can be traced/built D) will be interested /has been studying
E) should be traced/had been built E) interests/was studying

TEST YOURSELF 3

44
1- Your order ....... tomorrow, so you ........ it A) won't decide/have worn
on Friday. B) mustn't decide/could have worn
C) won't be decided/wear
A) is being sent/have received D) haven't been decided/will wear
B) will be sent/should receive E) can't decide/should wear
C) has been sent/must be received
D) will have sent/can receive 7- While the injured child ........ to the
E) is going to send/are received ambulance on a stretcher, a woman .......
running, saying that she was his mother.
2- Apparently, the incident ....... the
reputation of the club as it ........ quite a A) had been carried/will come
few members recently. B) was carrying/was coming
C) was being carried/came
A) was damaged/was losing D) has been carrying/could come
B) has damaged/has lost E) has been carried/has come
C) will be damaged/is losing
D) can damage/has been lost 8- After he ....... his restaurant, he ....... hard
E) will have damaged/is lost every day to make it successful, so his
business became a popular eating place.
3- If the topsoil that ....... much of the Earth's
surface ....... in some way, it can he carried A) has opened/will work
away by wind or washed away by water in B) was opened/will be working
a process called erosion. C) was opening/had worked
D) had opened/worked
A) is covering/hasn't protected E) has been opened/is working
B) has covered/won't have protected
C) covers/isn't protected 9- When the new road around the town ........
D) is covered/won't be protected the noise levels in our street
E) was covered/hadn't been protected
A) was completed/dropped
4- Although their carpets ....... primarily for B) has completed/have dropped
mosques, sometimes, they ....... designs for C) had been completed/drop
restaurants and hotels as well. D) completed/had been dropping
E) will have completed/will drop
A) are designed/produce
B) have been designed/were produced 10- After better lighting ....... in the office,
C) will be designed/were producing Jennifer's headaches ......
D) have designed/had been producing
E) design/are producing A) is installing/should disappear
B) was installed/disappeared
5- The board ....... that a takeover by a C) had been installed/have disappeared
foreign company ....... at all costs. D) will have installed/is disappearing
E) installed/was disappearing
A) was decided/should avoid
B) has been decided/was avoided 11- The tourists ....... about the way in which
C) decided/may have avoided they ....... by the tour operators during the
D) has decided/must be avoided trip.
E) decides/would avoid
A) can complain/were treating
6- I am attending a presentation by Ford B) were complained/are being treated
today, but I ....... whether I ....... a really C) are complaining/have treated
formal suit or something more D) have been complained/are treated
comfortable. E) complained/had been treated

45
12- I wonder whether the electrical store ....... 18-I know you ....... my cosmetics again as
us tomorrow for the delivery of the freezer right now, I ....... my perfume in the room.
or not,
A) are used/am smelling
A) is charged B) will charge
B) used/could have smelt
C) has charged D) is being charged
C) have been using/can smell
E) will be charged
D) were used/must be smelling
13- The Prince Henry car ....... by Vauxhall in E) are using/have smelt
1911. Today only eleven ........ all of which
are priceless. 19- This is the fifth time I ....... a phone call for
A) introduced/are existing a hairdresser's. I wonder if our
B) was introduced/exist number ....... by mistake in a hairdresser's
C) have been introduced/existed advertisement.
D) had introduced/have existed
E) used to introduce/will exist A) am receiving/is printing
B) was received/was printed
14-I ....... about the famous poet Celin's tragic C) had received/were printing
personal life while I ....... information for D) have received/has been printed
my essay. E) will have received/printed
A) am learning/researched
B) have learnt/had researched 20- Every year, more than 200.000 acres of
C) learnt/was researching forest ....... in the USA by fires in a single
D) will learn/have been researched summer.
E) was learnt/had been researching
A) are destroyed
15- According to archaeological records, B) have been destroying
chickens ....... for the first time in the cities C) will have destroyed
of the Indus Valley in about 3000 BC. D) were destroying
A) had domesticated E) ought to have destroyed
B) have been domesticated
C) were domesticating
21- Serving as president of the National
D) used to domesticate
American Women Suffrage Association,
E) were domesticated
Carrie Chapman Catt ........ success in
16- The origin of April Fool's Day, the first 1920 when women ....... equal rights to vote
day of April, is uncertain, but it ........ to in the US.
arrival of spring in late March, when
nature ........ to "fool" humanity with A) achieved/were given
changes in weather. B) had achieved/were giving
C) would have achieved/had given
A) has been related/has said D) could achieve/have been given
B) may be related/is said E) has achieved/would be given
C) ought to relate/has been said
D) relates/is saying
E) can be related/will say 22- The disease of cattle, Texas Fever, ....... in
the Western Hemisphere during the
17- Generally, Mr Eames ........ fay his Spanish colonisation of Mexico, but by
colleagues, but he ....... to be aware of this 1980, it ....... completely from the US.
fact.
A) isn't liked/doesn't seem A) had introduced/was eradicated
B) doesn't like/hasn't seemed B) introduced/was eradicating
C) didn't like/didn't seem C) must be introduced/could be eradicated
D) hasn't liked/won't have seemed D) has been introduced/had eradicated
E) won't have liked/didn't seem E) was introduced/had been eradicated

46
23- Salt ....... in Salzkammergut, Austria, since 29- I....... able to calculate quotations for
prehistoric times, but the town ....... most customers since the company
of its income today from tourism. procedure ....... to me.

A) was being mined/is gaining A) will be/has explained

B) was mined/has been gained B) have been/was explained
C) has been mined/gains C) was/had explained
D) is being mined/gained D) should be/were explaining
E) will be mined/has gained E) am/will have explained

24- I really hate ....... by salespeople when I'm 30- At the end of the training session, you .......
shopping. a test. Students who pass ....... to scuba
dive in the open seas.
A) to have pestered B) being pestered
C) to pester D) pestering A) are given/have allowed
E) having pestered B) have given/have been allowed
C) will be given/will be allowed
25- Don't forget us all as soon as you D) had been giving/are allowed
E) have been giving/will have allowed
A) were promoting
B) will promote 31- Oh gosh! You ....... meeting Leonardo Di
C) were promoted Caprio in real life. I wish I had been you.
D) have been promoted
E) will be promoting A) could have excited
B) must have been excited
26- The plants in the hall....... after by the C) might have been exciting
caretaker, who ....... them every day. D) should have excited
E) are supposed to be excited
A) are looking/is watering
B) were being looked/has watered 32- The garden of our house ........ from the
C) have been looked/is watered farm next door by a stream.
D) are looked/waters
E) will have looked/watered A) is separated B) separates
C) will separate D) has separated
27- A: What have you done to your wrist? E) separated
B: I ....... off a cliff face while I ....... on
Saturday. 33- So long as you ....... them a reasonable
price, I'm sure they the tiles from you.
A) fell/was climbing
B) was falling/climbed A) have been given/bought
C) had fallen/have climbed B) give/will buy
D) have fallen/was climbed C) had been giving/are buying
E) fall/would be climbing D) will give/are bought
E) are given/have been buying
28- When she ........ her husband, Silvia .......
herself to weave rush seats, and now she 34- Hopefully, I ....... comfortable in my job by
repairs them for her livelihood. the time I ....... my training.

A) was divorced/has taught A) have felt/was finishing

B) has divorced/was teaching B) was feeling/was finished
C) is divorced/will be taught C) am going to feel/am finished
D) divorced/taught D) will have felt/finished
E) was divorcing/had been taught E) will be feeling/finish

47
35- Why is it always regarded as so funny E) will be stored/weren't found
when someone ........ in the face with a
41- Carrots ....... to be good for your eyesight.
cream-pie?
A) was slapping A) are believed B) have believed
B) is slapped C) believe D) will believe
C) will have slapped E) will be believed
D) has slapped
E) had been slapped
42- Aunt Sue ........ on by now. Let's telephone
36- I ....... him only when he ....... himself to be the hospital and inquire how she is.
a decent manager.
A) have trusted/was proved A) should have operated
B) had trusted/has proved B) must have been operated
C) will trust/proves C) might be operating
D) trust/proved D) ought to be operating
E) trusted/had been proved E) will have operated
37- Are you sure you ....... your sun hat? It
looks as if it ....... quite hot. 43- We ....... something to eat and drink when
A) haven't needed/has been getting we have cleared up because we ...... for five
B) aren't needed/has got hours without a break.
C) won't need/is going to get
D) hadn't needed/was getting A) were needed/had been working
E) don't need/had been getting B) needed/have been working
C) are needed/are going to work
38- Festivals and holidays ....... since ancient D) will need/will have been working
times. E) need/are working
A) have been celebrated
B) are being celebrated
C) might have celebrated 44- Their salesman ....... that all their cars .......
D) were celebrated with air conditioning.
E) are supposed to celebrate
A) was claimed /will be supplied
39- We ....... into our new flat until the B) is claimed/had been supplied
electricity ....... . C) claims/are supplied
A) wouldn't move/was connecting D) will claim/have supplied
B) shouldn't move/has connected E) has claimed/are supplying
C) don't move/will be connected
D) haven't moved/was connected
E) can't move/is connected 45- The original Mill House ........ down in the
19th century, and afterwards, it ....... with
40- The police suspected that the drugs ....... in striking red bricks.
the basement, but they ....... any.
A) are storing/aren't finding A) was burnt/was rebuilding
B) were stored/didn't find B) burnt/was rebuilt
C) could have stored/won't find C) would burn/rebuilt
D) had been stored/don't find D) has burnt/has been rebuilt
E) had been burning/had rebuilt

48
 TEST YOURSELF 4

1-50. sorularda, cümlede bırakılan boşluğu 5- Constantin Brancusi, who ....... by the
uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz French sculptor Rodin, ....... works in
bronze, stone and wood.

l- By the end of the year, everybody A) influences/was created

who ....... unemployed for over two B) was influenced/created
years ....... on a training scheme. C) influenced/has created
D) has been influenced/is created
E) will be influencing/is creating
A) is/will be sending
B) was/had been sending
C) has been/will have been sent 6- Thatched roofs ....... in London in 1212,
D) had been/has been sent but they ....... to be used elsewhere even
E) will be/is going to send today.

A) are forbidden/are continued

2- The point on the surface of the Earth
B) have been forbidden/will continue
directly above the focus, the point where
C) forbade/have been continuing
the first movement ...,.., place, ....... the
D) were forbidden/continue
epicenter of an earthquake.
E) had forbidden/have continued

A) takes/is called
B) has taken/has called 7- The city of Plovdiv, on the Maritsa River
C) will be taken/has been called in Bulgaria, ....... considerably in an
D) was taken/was called earthquake in 1928.
E) is taking/will have called
A) was damaged B) is damaged
C) had damaged D) was damaging
3- The Richter Magnitude Scale, which ....... E) has been damaged
upon the amount of energy released by the
rock movements rather than upon surface
damage, ....... earthquakes on a 1 to 10 8- All video cassettes ....... before they ....... to
scale. the hire shop.

A) have to rewind/return
A) bases/has graded B) should be rewound/are returned
B) has based/was graded C) must have rewound/are returning
C) was based/is graded D) will be rewound/were returned
D) will be based/graded E) can rewind/are being returned
E) is based/grades

9- Miguel de Cervantes ....... the idea for the

4- Forms of bread ....... as food since novel Don Quixote while in prison. The
prehistoric times. Probably, the first bread second part of the story ....... one year
....... from acorns or beechnuts. before he died.

A) were used/has been made A) was conceived/was completing

B) will have been used/was making B) had conceived/has completed
C) have been used/was made C) used to conceive/completes
D) are used/used to make D) has conceived/must be completed
E) were being used/is made E) conceived/was completed

49
10- Mecca ....... by tens of thousands of 16- Mr Cartwright ....... at the moment for the
pilgrims annually. promotion. I hope he gets the job as
he ....... it.
A) has visited B) visits
C) is visited D) visited
E) may be visiting A) is interviewing/has deserved
B) has been interviewed/is deserving
C) is being interviewed/deserves
11- Molasses ....... as a by-product of sugar D) will be interviewed/deserved
production. Several light and flavourful E) interviews/will have deserved
varieties ....... as table syrups.

A) obtains/have been used 17- If eating disorders they can be fatal.

B) is being obtained/wall be using
C) was obtained/had used
D) is obtained/are used A) aren't treating B) aren't treated
E) has been obtained/are using C) weren't treated D) don't treat
E) haven't treated
12- Mark ....... to let us Know that they .......
for the party. 18- The manager would like these letters .......
A) has phoned/will be delayed out today.
B) has been phoning/have delayed
C) had been phoned/were delaying A) to have sent B) having sent
D) will be phoned/delayed C) to be sent D) to send
E) is phoning/had been delayed E) are going to send

13- If the direct sunlight ....... you, I can draw

19- The guest rooms ...... before your cousins
the blinds.
from Canada visit us.
A) has been disturbed
B) was disturbed A) will have to be redecorated
C) was disturbing B) used to be redecorated
D) is disturbed C) will have redecorated
E) is disturbing D) must have redecorated
E) had been redecorated
14- Microorganisms ....... into bacteria,
protozoans, algae, fungi and viruses, and
the study of each ....... a separate specialty 20- The actress Coral Atkins was so appalled
within microbiology. by the way children ....... in state homes
that she ....... her own children's home.
A) have classified/is formed
B) will be classified/has been formed A) are treating/was opening
C) are classifying/has formed B) have been treated/is opened
D) were classified/was formed C) had treated/opens
E) are classified/forms D) were treated/opened
E) will be treating/is going to open
15- The city of Bremen, Germany, ....... into
two sections: Altstadt and Neustadt. The
two sections ....... by three bridges. 21- Coral Atkins devoted her life .... providing
a home for unwanted children.
A) is divided/are connected
B) has been divided/are connecting
C) was being divided/have connected A) with B) for
D) was dividing/had been connected C) to D) about
E) divides/connect E) in

50
22- I hope we ....... with lunch after the 27- The tea tree ....... only in Australia, but
presentation as I haven't brought any recently people around the world ....... the
sandwiches. oil for many medicinal purposes.

A) grows/have been using

A) were served B) have been served
B) was grown/were using
C) serve D) are serving
C) has been grown/use
E) will be served
D) is growing/will have used
E) grew/had been used
23- Professional microbiologists ........ in a
wide variety of positions, but the
28- Tom Thumb, the famous dwarf of the 19th
majority ........ in universities, government
century, was born Charles Sherwood
agencies or industry.
Stratton, but later he ....... by his stage
name.
A) are employed/work
B) used to employ/worked
A) knew B) will know
C) employ/have been worked
C) has been known D) has known
D) were employed/will have worked
E) was known
E) can employ/should work

29- Tom Thumb ....... parents of normal

24- John ....... for his directness, but I think his
height, but he only ....... to a height of 3
remarks to David ....... as plain rude!
feet 4 inches.

A) has known/should be described

A) has/had been grown
B) is known/can be described
B) had/grew
C) knew/will be describing
C) is having/will be grown
D) has been known/were describing
D) had had/will grow
E) knows/must have described
E) was having/has grown

25- I ....... that the car is any good until I .......

30-After the workers ....... from their jobs at
it myself.
the factory, not many of them ....... jobs
quickly.
A) haven't been convinced/drove
B) wasn't convincing/was driving
A) were dismissed/had been found
C) won't be convinced/have driven
B) have been dismissed /were finding
D) wasn't convinced/had been driven
C) dismiss/are finding
E) can't be convinced/have been driven
D) will have dismissed/can find
E) had been dismissed/found
26- The town of Balboa is situated on the site
of a swamp, which ....... with the rocks dug
31- Residents who live near the nuclear power
out while the Panama Canal
plant worry that their children ....... to
radioactivity.
A) has been filled/was constructing
B) has been filling/will be constructed
A) expose
C) was filling/had been constructed
B) exposed
D) was filled/was being constructed
C) will have exposed
E) will be filled/has been constructing
D) had exposed
E) are being exposed

51
32- Our manager usually comes to work 38-After I ...... ants in the kitchen, I ...... the
dressed ....... a three piece pinstriped suit. crack in the wall with ant powder.

A) with B) on A) had discovered/filled

C) in D) about B) was discovered/was filled
E) for C) was discovering/should fill
D) have discovered/was filling
E) discover/have been filled
33- The organisers claim that visitors ....... at
the exhibits at the EXPO2000 exhibition in
Hanover, Germany. 39- Many home appliances, like vacuum
cleaners or microwave ovens, ....... for
A) will be amazed
their labour-saving or time-saving
B) are going to amaze
capabilities, while others ....... for their
C) will have amazed
convenience.
D) have been amazing
E) had amazed
A) have chosen/will purchase
B) are chosen/are purchased
34- When you ....... an advertisement, you ....... C) will be chosen/purchase
into account the type of people you want to D) are choosing/have purchased
be attracted to it. E) choose/will be purchased
A) are being designed/must Lake .
B) designed/had better take
C) are designing/have to take 40- Airliners ........ parachutes because it is
D) will design/have been taken impractical to instruct passengers in their
E) had designed/will be taking use in an emergency situation.

A) aren't carried
35- The National Lottery ....... twice a week in
B) weren't carrying
the UK: Wednesday and Saturday.
C) won't be carried
A) is drawn B) is drawing D) don't carry
C) was drawing D) draws E) hadn't carried
E) has drawn
41- You ...... for the name of the caller before
36- At the beginning of the 2Oth century most you transfer any calls.
solid waste ........ of by dumping it onto
vacant land near where it ..... . A) used to ask
A) had disposed/has generated B) have asked
B) has been disposed/generates C) may have asked
C) will have disposed/is generating D) should have asked
D) disposed/has been generated E) must ask
E) was disposed/was generated
42- It's surprising that, of the few Viking
37- Unlike many top tennis tournaments, the helmets that ....... in excavations so far,
matches at Wimbledon are played ...... none ...... horns.
grass courts.
A) were found/may have
A) with B) about
B) were finding/had
C) in D) on
C) have been found/have
E) by
D) had found/were having
E) are found/are having

52
43- The enormously heavy bill which .... the 48- The community centre can be used .......
shoveler bird its name ....... for feeding on meetings of the club whenever needed.
the surface of ponds and lakes.
A) with B) about
A) was given/had been adapting C) by D) from
B) has been given/will be adapted E) for
C) was giving/has adapted
D) gives/is adapted
E) will give/had been adapted 49- The manufacturer was ....... with
excitement at receiving his first large
order.
44- Because air navigation is concerned with
direction and distance, the plane must be A) influenced B) considered
equipped ......... devices for measuring C) depressed D) filled
these factors. E) covered

A) about B) with
C) by D) on 50- After his brother made his fortune on the
E) from stock market, Scott was convinced ....... the
wisdom of investing his money in stocks
and shares.
45- Of the many methods that are available
today, only radio navigation ....... for all- A) with B) from
weather flying. C) for D) at
E) of
A) has been using
B) will have used
C) can be used
D) had been used 51-60. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin
E) could have used İngilizce dengini bulunuz.

46- According to the autopsy results, the 51- Fransız yazar Albert Camus'un romanları
victim was shot in the back ....... a semi ve oyunları duygusuz, anlamsız bir evreni
automatic hand gun ....... a left-handed yansıtır.
person.
A) In his novels and plays, the French author
Albert Camus wrote mainly about an
A) for /from B) from/with
indifferent, nonsensical universe.
C) in/about D) with/by
B) The novels and plays of the French author
E) by/for
Albert Camus reflect an indifferent,
meaningless universe.
47- Although very often the autopsy ...... only C) Albert Camus's novels and plays are often
with forensic, or legal, medicine in the set in an imaginary, nonsensical universe.
determination of the cause or details of D) The French author Albert Camus wrote
death from foul play, it ...... a number of many plays and books about an
other purposes as well. indifferent, meaningless universe.
E) Albert Camus, the French author, has a
selection of novels and plays describing
A) is associated/serves an indifferent, absurd universe.
B) has been associated/is served
C) associated/was serving
D) was associated/has been served
E) had associated /served

53
52- Duyduğuma göre, Brown'ların evi, hepsi 54- Eskiden Ortak Pazar ya da Avrupa
evde bir filme dalmışken soyulmuş. Topluluğu diye bilinen, Avrupa'nın
ekonomik ve politik entegrasyonu için
A) According to what I've heard, the Browns' kurulmuş organizasyon, 1993'te Avrupa
house was burgled while they were all at Birliği adını almıştır.
home absorbed in a film.
B) I heard that the Brown's house was A) Founded in 1993, the European Union,
actually burgled while they were all at formerly the Common Market or the
home watching a film. European Community, aims to promote
C) The Browns were so involved in a film economic and political integration
that, apparently, they didn't even hear throughout Europe.
some burglars break into their house. B) The European Union, renamed in 1993,
D) I was surprised to hear that the Browns' which had been formerly known both as
house was broken into when they were all the Common Market and the European
at home intently watching a film, Community, serves to promote economic
E) Apparently, thieves slipped into the back and political integration of Europe.
of the Browns' house while they were all C) Inl993, the European Community,
watching a film on television, formerly known as the Common Market,
took the name European Union and began
to promote both political and economic
harmony within Europe.
D) Formerly known as the Common Market
53- Bölgedeki personeli korumak ve hassas or European Community, the organisation
enstrümanların güvenliğini sağlamak için founded for the economic and political
nükleer reaktörlerin işletilmesinde büyük integration of Europe took the name
dikkat gerekmektedir, European Union in 1993.
E) The institution which has promoted
economic and political integration of
Europe since 1993 used to be known as
A) The safety of personnel and the protection the Common Market, and later, the
of sensitive instruments are of great European Community.
importance during the operation of
nuclear reactors.
B) During the operation of nuclear reactors,
extreme care should be taken by the 55- Sığırlar önce Asya'da evcilleştirilmiş
personnel in the area to protect the olmalı; çünkü en eski sığır kemikleri,
sensitive instruments. oradaki yerleşim bölgelerinde
C) In the operation of nuclear reactors, great bulunmuştur.
care is required to protect the personnel in
the area and to secure the safety of the A) According to evidence in the form of '
sensitive instruments. bones, Asians were most likely the first
D) When operating nuclear reactors, the people to domesticate cattle.
personnel have to take great care with B) The practice of domesticating cattle most
safety procedures as the instruments are likely originated in Asia, where the oldest
highly sensitive. cattle bones have been found.
E) They ought to take great care over the C) Cattle bones which have been found in
safety of personnel and the protection of Asia are believed to be from the oldest
the sensitive instruments in the area of the examples of domesticated animals.
nuclear operations. D) Because very old bones have been
discovered in settlements in Asia, cattle
might have been first domesticated there.
E) Cattle must have been domesticated in
Asia first, for the oldest cattle bones have
been found in settlements there.

54
56- Dünya Bankası'nın amacı, üye ülkelerdeki B) People say that how a person behaves in
ekonomik gelişmeyi destekleyecek difficult times can show his or her true
projeleri finanse etmektir. strength of character.
C) Often people don't act their true selves
when they are faced with great
A) The World Bank promotes economic difficulties.
development throughout the world by D) It's said that the way one behaves in
financing projects. difficulties reveals one's real character.
B) The purpose of the World Bank is to E) A person's true character is evident in his
finance projects that promote economic or her behaviour at times of real trouble.
development in member nations.
C) The member nations use the World Bank
to finance projects which promote
59- Sence yeni program gelecek ay bu
economic development.
zamanlar uygulamaya konmuş olur mu?
D) The World Bank aims to promote
economic development in member nations
by financing worldwide projects. A) Do you think the new schedule will have
E) The World Bank was set up to encourage been introduced by this time next month?
development in the economies of member B) You think the new schedule will be
nations by financing projects. introduced about this time next month,
don't you?
C) In your opinion, the new schedule should
57- Gilbert Stuart, özellikle George be introduced by this time next month,
Washington'ın parlak renkli portreleriyle shouldn't it?
tanınır. D) Do you believe that they will have
introduced the new schedule by the end of
next month?
A) George Washington was a favourite E) I believe we will have been introduced the
subject of Gilbert Stuart's luminously new schedule before this time next month,
coloured portraits. don't you?
B) Gilbert Stuart is especially known for his
luminously coloured portraits of George
Washington.
60- Özel diyetler ve daha bilimsel bakım
C) Well-known artists, particularly Gilbert
sayesinde hayvanat bahçelerinde eskiden
Stuart, painted some luminous portraits of
olduğundan çok daha fazla yavru
George Washington.
doğmaktadır.
D) The famous artist Gilbert Stuart's portraits
of George Washington are all luminously A) A combination of special diets and
coloured. scientific care has led to an increase in the
E) Gilbert Stuart's best-known work is a number of baby animals born in zoos.
luminously coloured portrait of George B) The increase in births of animals in zoos
Washington. recently is due mainly to special diets and
more scientific care.
C) Thanks to special diets and more
58- Zor durumlardaki davranış biçiminin, scientific care, many more baby animals
insanın gerçek karakterini açığa çıkardığı are being born in zoos than in the past.
söylenir. D) In the past, very few baby animals were
born in zoos, but recently, this has
improved due to scientific care and
A) It is believed that a person's behaviour special diets.
under pressure is a test of his or her E) The baby animals bom in zoos today
strength of character. are given special diets and scientific
care, which results in more of them
surviving than they did in the past.

55
61-70, sorularda, verilen ingilizce cümlenin A) Komitenin dünkü toplantısında,
Türkçe dengini bulunuz. önümüzdeki sezonun programıyla ilgili
çok ilginç öneriler tartışıldı.
B) Dünkü komite toplantısında, gelecek
61- In world markets, the bigger South
sezonun programı tartışılırken çok ilginç
American bananas are preferred over the
öneriler yapıldı.
African varieties.
C) Komite, dünkü toplantısında, gelecek
sezonun programını görüşürken çok ilginç
A) Dünya piyasalarında daha çok, Afrika
öneriler getirdi,
türlerine göre daha irice olan Güney
D) Dünkü komite toplantısının gündemi,
Amerika muzu rağbet görmektedir..
ilginç önerilerin tartışıldığı gelecek
B) Dünya piyasalarında, Afrika'daki türlerine
sezonun programıydı.
tercih edilen Güney Amerika muzu daha
E) Çok ilginç önerilerin yapıldığı gelecek
iridir.
sezonun program tartışması dünkü komite
C) Dünya piyasaları, Afrika'daki türlerine
toplantısında yapıldı.
göre daha irice olan Güney Amerika
muzunu tercih etmektedir. 64- The police think that this assault case is
D) Dünya piyasalarında en çok rağbet gören connected with the murder committed last
muz, Afrika türlerinden daha iri olan week in the dockyards.
Güney Amerika muzudur.
A) Polis, bu saldın olayının geçen hafta
E) Daha iri olan Güney Amerika muzu,
tersanede işlenen cinayetle bağlantılı
dünya piyasalarında, Afrika türlerine
olduğunu düşünüyor.
tercih edilmektedir.
B) Polise göre, bu saldın olayıyla geçen hafta
tersanede işlenen cinayet arasında
62- Many forms of anemia are acquired, bağlantı olabilir.
which shows that they are not due to C) Polis, geçen haftaki tersane cinayetiyle bu
genetic disorders but develop after birth. saldın arasında bağlantı olduğundan
kuşkulanıyor.
A) Bulgular göstermiştir ki aneminin, D) Polis, bu saldın olayının geçen hafta
doğuştan gelen genetik bozukluklardan tersanede işlenen cinayetle ilişkisi
kaynaklanmayıp sonradan gelişen pek çok olabileceği kanısında.
türü vardır. E) Polis, bu saldırı ile geçen hafta tersanede
B) Pek çok anemi türü sonradan ortaya işlenen cinayet arasında bir bağlantı
çıktığına göre, bu hastalığın bazı türleri olduğunu zannediyordu.
genetik bozukluktan kaynaklanmıyor,
daha çok doğduktan sonra gelişiyor. 65- Children learn to speak without any
C) Aneminin pek çok türü genetik bir special training, but reading and writing
bozukluktan kaynaklanmayıp sonradan need to be specially taught.
edinildiği için bu hastalığın doğduktan A) Çocuklar konuşmayı özel bir eğitim
sonra geliştiği söylenebilir. olmaksızın öğrenirler ama okuma ve
D) Aneminin pek çok türü sonradan yazmanın özel olarak öğretilmesi gerekir.
edinilmektedir ki bu da onların genetik B) Çocuklar özel bir çaba sarfetmeden
bozukluktan dolayı olmadığını, doğduktan konuşmayı öğrenebilirler ancak okuma ve
sonra geliştiğini göstermektedir. yazmanın öğretilmesi eğitimi gerektirir.
E) Bazı anemi türleri genetik bir bozukluktan C) Çocuklar konuşmayı öğrenmek için özel
kaynaklanmayıp doğduktan sonra ortaya bir eğitim almazlar fakat okuma yazma
çıkmaktadır ki bu da onların sonradan öğrenmek için özel bir eğitime ihtiyaçları
edinildiğini gösterir. vardır.
63- At yesterday's committee meeting, very D) Çocuklar konuşmayı kendiliğinden
interesting suggestions were made while Öğrendikleri halde okuma yazmayı ancak
the programme for the coming season was özel bir eğitimle öğrenebilirler.
being discussed. E) Çocuklar konuşmayı öğrenirken özel bir
eğitim gerekmese de. okuma yazma
öğrenebilmeleri için özel bir eğitim şarttır.

56
66- Over many centuries people have cleared D) İlk insanların mağaralarda bıraktıkları
away great expanses of forests for kalıntılar, onların etkinliklerini
agriculture and settlement. izlememizi ve yaşam tarzlarım
anlamamızı sağlamıştır.
A) Asırlardır büyük miktarlarda orman E) İlk insanların faaliyetlerini izlemek ve
insanlar tarafından tarım ve yerleşim için yaşam tarzlarını anlamak için büyük
yok edilmektedir. Ölçüde mağaralardaki kalıntılar
B) İnsanlar, asırlar boyunca ormanları büyük kullanılmıştır.
ölçüde tarım ve yerleşim için yok ettiler.
69- In ancient Egypt, not only humans but
C) Asırlar boyunca insanlar, büyük
sacred animals, particularly cats, were
miktarlarda ormanı, tarım ve yerleşim için
also mummified.
yok etmişlerdir.
D) insanlar, asırlardan beri büyük A) Eski Mısır'da kutsal hayvanlar olarak
miktarlarda ormanı yok ederek tarım ve kabul edilen kediler, aynı insanlar gibi,
yerleşim alanı yapmışlardır. mumyalanırdı.
E) İnsanların, tarım ve yerleşim için büyük B) Eski Mısırlılar, yalnızca insanları değil,
orman alanlarını yok etme eylemleri kedi gibi, kutsal kabul ettikleri hayvanları
asırlardan beri devam etmektedir. da mumyalıyorlardı.
C) Eski Mısırlılar, kutsal olduğunu
67- According to Aztecs law, theft of corn düşündükleri hayvanları, özellikle de
from a field used to be punished by slavery kedileri, aynı insanlar gibi
or execution. mumyalıyorlardı.
D) Eski Mısır'da sadece insanlar değil, kutsal
A) Tarladan mısır çalına suçu, Aztek hayvanlar da, özellikle kediler,
yasalarına göre, köle olmayı ya da idam mumyalanıyordu.
edilmeyi gerektiriyordu. E) Eski Mısır'da insanların yanı sıra,
B) Aztek yasaları, tarladan mısır çalmayı özellikle kediler başta olmak üzere, kutsal
kölelik ya da idamla cezalandırırdı. hayvanlar da mumyalanmıştır.
C) Aztek yasalarında, mısırın tarladan
çalınmasının cezası kölelik ya da idam 70- As a breed, Holsteins are noted for
olurdu. producing the most milk, but their milk
D) Yasalara göre Aztekler, tarladan mısır ranks among the lowest in butterfat
çalanları köleliğe ya da idama mahkum percentage.
ederlerdi. A) Sütü yağ oranı bakımından en alt sıralarda
E) Aztek yasalarına göre. tarladan mısır yer almasına karşın, holstein cinsi, çok
çalmak kölelik ya da idamla büyük miktarda süt verdiği için rağbet
cezalandırılırdı. görmektedir.
B) Cins olarak holsteinlar en fazla süt
68- The relics left in caves have helped greatly vermekle dikkati çeker ama sütleri yağ
in tracing the movements of early people oranı bakımından en alt sıralarda yer alır.
and in understanding their lives. C) Cins olarak süt verimleri çok yüksek olsa
da holsteinlar, sütlerindeki yağ oranının
A) İlk insanların faaliyetlerinin takip azlığı nedeniyle en alt sıralarda yer
edilmesinde ve onların yaşamlarının almaktadırlar.
anlaşılmasında mağaralarda bırakılan D) Süt verimlerinin yüksek oluşuyla dikkati
kalıntılardan yararlanılmıştır. çeken holstein cinsinin alt sıralarda yer
B) Mağaralarda bırakılan kalıntılar, ilk almasının nedeni sütlerindeki yağ
insanların etkinliklerinin izini sürmede ve oranının azlığıdır.
onların yaşamını anlamada çok yardımcı E) Holsteinlar, süt verimi çok yüksek bir cins
olmuştur. olarak bilinir ama onlar sıralamada
C) Mağaralardaki kalıntılar sayesinde ilk sütlerindeki yağ oranı bakımından en
insanların etkinliklerinin izini sürüp alttadır.
yaşam biçimlerini büyük ölçüde
anlayabildik.

57
71-85. sorularda, verilen cümleye C) Me was disappointed when he was not
anlamca en yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz. chosen for promotion.
D) He wasn't promoted because his
performance was so disappointing.
E) His disappointment must have been
71- This morning I drove past a pheasant,
connected with his colleague's promotion.
which had been run over.

A) I passed a pheasant, which someone had

run over, in my car this morning.
74- Despite being criticised by journalists, the
B) This morning I overtook the driver who
Millennium Dome has attracted thousands
had run down a pheasant in his car.
of visitors.
C) Unfortunately, I ran over a pheasant in my
car this morning.
D) I couldn't avoid running over a pheasant, A) Thousands of people have visited the
which appeared in front of me so Millennium Dome even though journalists
suddenly, this morning. criticised it.
E) I'm afraid 1 killed a pheasant this morning B) The Millennium Dome had received
as I ran over it. thousands of visitors before journalists
criticised it.
C) Many of the visitors to the Millennium
Dome have criticised it to journalists.
72- Due to a school boy's protests, a hazard D) The criticism of journalists dissuaded
Warning sign has been erected at the point thousands of people from visiting the
where ducks often cross the road. Millennium Dome.
E) The Millennium Dome has been criticised
A) A school boy protested about the hazard by thousands of journalists who have
warning sign, which had been put up at a visited it.
place near a habitat of ducks.
B) They pul up a hazard warning sign at the
place which is frequently used by ducks
to cross the road after the protests by a 75- In England, as in Turkey, many surnames
pupil. are derived from the skills and professions
C) A school boy suggests that the ducks of ancestors.
could be protected if they put a hazard
warning sign on the road. A) Most sons in England, as in Turkey, are
D) A pupil from a nearby school put up a named after their father's profession.
hazard warning sign at the side of the road B) Surnames in most countries, including
in order to protect the ducks which often England and Turkey, are based on the
cross there. names of former skills and professions.
E) The hazard warning sign was erected to C) Different from in Turkey, many of our
warn the school boys not to disturb the ancestors in England were named after
ducks which live near the side of the road. their skill or profession.
D) Surnames in England can often be traced
back to the skills and professions of
ancestors, as is the case in Turkey.
73- Not being selected for promotion E) Many skills or professions in both
disappointed him. England and Turkey are named after the
surnames of the ancestors who carried
A) He will be disappointed if he is not them out.
chosen for promotion.
B) To his disappointment, they gave the
manager's job to someone else.

58
76- This course of ours has been developed for D) Scientists don't have to release
users with no experience of Microsoft information about their work until they
Excel. have proved something.
E) Generally, scientists keep their findings to
themselves, especially when they are
A) We believe that the people who difficult to explain to the public.
developed this course have never used
Microsoft Excel.
B) We require you to have at least some
experience of Microsoft Excel to take this 79- Before Mozambique can be restored to
course. normal, considerable investment is
C) During this course, we will help you required.
develop your skills on Microsoft Excel.
D) Your skills on Microsoft Excel will be
enhanced during this course of ours. A) It's normal that Mozambique requires
E) We have designed this course for people significant investment in order to acheive
who have never used Microsoft Excel. a higher standard of living.
B) The fate of Mozambique can only be
altered with sizeable investment.
C) Normally, stability in Mozambique cannot
77- An effective antibacterial substance in be achieved without some investment
crocodiles' blood has just been discovered. from overseas.
D) They consider investing large sums to
A) They have very recently identified an help relieve the suffering in Mozambique.
effective antibody in crocodiles' blood. E) Mozambique will need significant
B) Crocodiles have remarkable antibacterial investment before the country can return
substances in their blood. to normal.
C) The latest discovery in the field of
medicine is that crocodiles have an
effective antibody in their blood.
D) They have just started looking at 80- In Greek mythology, Medusa transformed
crocodiles' blood in order to find an whoever looked into her eyes to stone.
antibody which fights resistant bacteria.
E) Scientists have concluded that crocodiles'
blood must contain antibodies. A) According to Greek myth, anyone who
glanced into the eyes of Medusa was
turned to stone.
B) The ancient Greeks believed that Medusa
was capable of turning people to stone by
78- Generally, scientists prefer to keep the
looking at them.
details of their research secret until
C) Medusa in Greek myth was a monster
something has been proved.
who turned lots of people into stone by
glancing at them.
A) Scientists often worry about public D) It's believed that Medusa in Greek
reaction to their research if they haven't mythology was turned into stone when
proved something with concrete evidence. people looked into her eyes.
B) In general, up until they have proved E) Medusa is a Greek goddess who is
something, scientists would rather not believed to turn anything she looks at to
disclose details of their research. stone.
C) Usually, people would like to learn the
details of scientists' research even before
they have proved their theories.

59
81- Despite a great deal of improvements in D) Every year, the charity asks the florist in
public transport, congestion on the roads our neighbourhood to donate some
in Birmingham is getting worse. flowers for their concerts.
E) Some of the profits from the flowers sold
A) The problem of Birmingham's congested by our local florist go to fund the charity's
roads could be solved with significant annual concert.
improvement to public transport.
B) A great deal of improvements in public
84- Why this girl was sacrificed on the
transport are needed in order to relieve the
mountain summit will probably remain a
congestion on Birmingham's roads.
mystery for ever.
C) Public transport has been improved
considerably, yet the roads in A) It appears that it will take some time to
Birmingham are getting more and more prove why this girl was sacrificed on the
congested. mountain summit,
D) More roads are needed in Birmingham to B) The reason for this mountain top sacrifice
relieve the congestion, which has been of a girl has to be discovered.
increasing due to inadequate public C) It isn't yet clear why such a sacrifice of a
transport. young girl on a mountain top took place.
E) Congestion in Birmingham could not be D) It is likely that the reason for the sacrifice
reduced until they built new roads and of this girl on the top of the mountain will
improved public transport a great deal. never be known.
E) We only have vague theories about. why
these sacrifices of girls took place on
82- The current English national football team mountain tops.
manager used to be a player for Liverpool.
A) At the moment, he manages both the
85- Tom Higdon was dismissed from his job as
English national football team and
a teacher in 1911 for suggesting that the
Liverpool.
children of farm workers should be
B) Before he managed the English national
educated.
football team, he managed Liverpool.
C) At one time the person currently A) Tom Higdon was fired from his job as a
managing the English national team teacher in 1911 when he refused to
played for Liverpool. educate the children of agricultural
D) He used to play for Liverpool, but now he workers.
only plays for the Englishnational football B) In 1911, the teacher Tom Higdon was
team. fired because he proposed the education
E) Currently, he combines managing the of children of farm workers.
English national football team with C) Tom Higdon's suggestions in 1911 that
playing for Liverpool. the children of farm workers didn't
83- Every year, our local florist donates the deserve to be educated led to his
flowers for the charity's annual concert. dismissal.
D) In 1911, Tom Higdon was fired from his
A) The flowers for the yearly charity concert
post as a teacher for teaching the children
are always donated by the florist in our
of farm workers who shouldn't have been
neighbourhood.
educated.
B) This year, the florist in our neighbourhood
E) After being fired from his teaching
supplied the flowers for the charity's
position in 1911, Tom Higdon suggested
annual concert.
that the children of farm workers ought to
C) Our local florist didn't charge the charity
be educated.
for the flowers which she provided for
their concert.

60
 TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

1- The grass shouldn't be ....... today as the 8- We asked for a/an ....... from two
ground is too wet at the moment. companies for building an extension to our
house. In the end, we chose the cheaper
A) harvested B) mowed company.
C) picked D) walked
E) chopped A) quotation B) evolution
C) receipt D) promotion
2- According to health and safety ......... for E) auction
hotels, there must be a fire extinguisher on
every floor. 9- When the passer-by had a heart attack,
Paula knew that she had to ....... his
A) bookings B) reservations clothing, so she immediately undid his tie.
C) regulations D) disasters
E) accounts A) wrinkle B) tighten
C) enlarge D) loosen
3- The chemical spill ......... the river and E) fold
killed a lot of fish.
10- The police chief announced that the
A) combined B) demolished pickpocket was not working alone. He was
C) demoralised D) corrupted a member of a street ....... .
E) contaminated
A) post B) party
4- There were two ....... for president of the C) band D) team
club: the former president and last year's E) gang
safety officer.
11- The shopkeeper was ....... by the Mafia
A) fighters B) wrestlers until he agreed to pay them some
C) tutors D) candidates 'insurance' money every week.
E) pupils
A) threatened B) employed
5- The present Queen ....... her father, King C) murdered D) robbed
George VI, to the British throne. E) praised

A) succeeded B) pretended 12- Of course, I didn't enjoy my time in

C) derived D) ascended hospital, but the other ....... on my ward
E) beat were very friendly, so at least, I didn't feel
lonely.
6- Most of my credit card bill was the
Expenses for my business trip to Paris — A) employees B) patients
the ...... was for petrol. C) relatives D) enemies
E) delegates
A) remainder B) whole
C) ruin D) closure 13- Students can get a ten percent ....... in this
E) portion sports shop if they carry their student
cards.
7- The screws had been loose for ages, but
yesterday the chair ....... when Ali, who is A) decrease B) affair
really fat, sat on it. C) discount D) calculation
E) reception
A) deflated B) collapsed
C) capsized D) blew up
E) crashed

61
14- The original plan included a club trip to 21- There was a man standing outside the
the Lake District, but as several other shopping mall handing out ........ about the
events exceeded their budget, they had new Italian restaurant.
to ........ this idea.
A) bookings B) classes
A) carry B) associate
C) reports D) directories
C) capture D) apply
E) leaflets
E) abandon

15- Geoff got ....... from Brown's Bradford 22- During the rescue operation that followed
branch to their head quarters in Reading. the earthquake, ........ hospitals in tents
were set up in the area.
A) sacked B) transferred
C) divided D) altered A) permanent B) fragile
E) resigned C) makeshift D) resort
E) refuge
16- Following reports that children had been
mistreated in children's homes in Wales,
the government ....... an official 23- The boy fell into the river, and
investigation immediately. unfortunately, he ........ . It was a terrible
tragedy.
A) cancelled B) launched
C) ascended D) happened A) drowned B) dived
E) rotated C) skated D) floated
E) swam
17- According to my ...,.,., carpet for our living
room, which measures 3 metres by 7
metres, would cost £420 if we chose this 24- Mining is a very dangerous ........ as many
carpet at £2O per square metre. people die doing it each year.
A) excavations B) tastes A) idea B) occupation
C) renovations D) preferences C) vacation D) construction
E) calculations E) possession
18- Our bathroom is painted blue and it has
blue and white ...... around the sink and 25- When Bob learnt that he had to work on
bath. Saturday, he was ........ because he had
been looking forward to some time with
A) ceilings B) gates his family.
C) pavements D) tiles
E) chimneys A) humorous B) furious
C) hopeless D) penniless
19- The ........ about the number of prisoners in E) powerless
jail in America in last week's Guardian
newspaper was written by Duncan
Campbell. 26- Olivia's house was ....... damaged in the
flood, and it cost her thousands of pounds
A) volume B) photograph to repair it.
C) article D) documentary
E) video A) regularly B) offensively
20- After the children have gone home, the C) slightly D) defensively
caretaker ....... the floor in each classroom E) extensively
and locks up.
A) sweeps B) rinses
C) takes D) folds
E) messes

62
27- The insurance company ........ my car at 34- In order to apply for a UK passport, the
£4,000, so if it gets stolen, they will pay me authorities need to see a/an ........ birth
this amount. certificate. They will not accept a
photocopy.
A) value B) sell
C) buy D) praise A) master B) anonym
E) drive C) primitive D) primary
E) original
28- No one knows the ........ number of people
who demonstrated in the capital, but the 35- I'm really sorry, but I was very clumsy
police estimated that there were about and ........ broke this vase.
125,000.
A) purposely B) cautiously
A) average B) sizeable C) accidentally D) strongly
C) total D) approximate E) carefully
E) possible
36- Last year's earthquake was an awful .......
29- The rugby player had ........ his ankle so that most residents will never forget.
badly that he had to be carried off the
pitch on a stretcher. A) mishap B) casualty
C) adventure D) catastrophe
A) wrinkled B) folded E) accident
C) trained D) sprained
E) mended 37- I'm ....... to my neighbour, who takes me to
hospital for tests whenever it is necessary.
30- I really liked the blue long-sleeved jacket,
but they didn't have it in my ........ . A) humoured B) opposed
C) forced D) obliged
A) colour B) shade E) distressed
C) shape D) volume
E) size 38- The managers were very ....... with Roy's
performance and promoted him to area
31- Sheep shearers don't usually get paid per sales manager.
hour. They normally get a certain amount
for each ...... . A) impressed B) involved
C) disappointed D) covered
A) fur B) cover E) discouraged
C) scarf D) fleece
E) coat 39- The station is ...... to the airport by a
special mono-rail link.
32- Jessie's eye is ....... . Do you think someone
has punched him in the eye? A) equipped B) limited
C) provided D) furnished
A) swollen B) short-sighted E) connected
C) sharp D) concentrated
E) blinking 40- Jimmy bought his computer ........ for
work, but he finds it quite useful for
33- The grape ........ in the South of France was writing personal letters, too.
particularly good last year.
A) occasionally B) absolutely
A) result B) harvest C) primarily D) suitably
C) profit D) bundle E) sufficiently
E) event

63
 APPENDIX

PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS WITH PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES

A be absorbed in
be accustomed to I be impressed with
be acquainted with be interested in
be addicted to be involved in
be amazed at
be annoyed with someone K be known for
be annoyed at/about something
be associated with L be limited to
be astonished at
M be made of (if there is only physical
B be based on change in the raw material)
be bored with be made from (if the raw material
be blessed with changes chemically as well as
physically)
C be committed to be made out of (if you alter an item, and
be composed of use it with a different aim)
be concerned about be married to
be confused with
be connected to /with O be obliged to someone
be convinced of be opposed to
be coordinated with
be crowded with P be pleased about/with
be covered with/in be prepared for
be provided with
D be dedicated to
be delighted at/with R be related to
be derived from be remembered for
be disgusted at/with
be devoted to
S be satisfied with
be disappointed with/at
be scared of
be discriminated against
be separated from
be divorced from
be shocked at
be done with
be surprised at
be dressed in
be synchronized with
E be engaged to
T be thrilled at/with
be equipped with
be terrified of
be excited about
be tired of/from
be exposed to
be troubled with
F be filled with
U be upset with someone
be finished with
be used to
be furnished with
W be worried about

64
 ELS 2001/4 ANSWER KEY

Exercise 1 (pg. 3)
1. is being mowed 2.is mowed 3.was mowed 4.was being mowed 5.has been mowed 6.had been mowed 7.will
be mowed 8.is going to be mowed 9.will have been mowed
Exercise 2 (pg. 4)
1.was brought to Istanbul in 1895 2.are still being asked for 3.have been searched, your luggage will be passed
4.has been contaminated by cyanide from a Romanian gold mine 5.was competed for by four candidates 6.had
not been stolen by grave robbers 7.was put forward by the Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle centuries ago
8.was painted by Toulouse Lautrec in 1894 9.was discovered by Luis Vaez de Torres in 1606 10.was heavily
bombed by the Allies during World War II 11.is used for industrial purposes 12.will be paid compensation by
the council 13.hadn't been received 14.will have been collected by the time the lottery is drawn 15.is being
plagued by a teenage gang 16.have been intimidated by members of the gang 17.are going to be provided by the
Local Health Authority 18.are cared for by a specialist team of doctors and nurses 19.is best remembered today
20.will be written by the regional manager
Exercise 3 (pg. 6)
1. are produced in the UK and in Turkey 2.was transferred from Leeds United to Manchester United
3.was kicked by a Manchester United striker during last Saturday's match 4.was written by George Elliot 5.has
been worked out by scientists all over the world from many plant and animal remains
6. was designed by Christopher Wren 7.was carried out on St Paul's Cathedral last year, 8.are provided with a
car by the company 9.has been delayed 10.is used by a lot of teenagers 11.is being increased 25 percent 12.was
sent special delivery 13-was sent by Mr Green personally 14.was shot by a six-year-old boy in February 2000
15.were stolen during WWII
Exercise 4 (pg. 8)
1. Were these calculations made by Leonardo Da Vinci? 2.Which particular event is being referred to in section
three of the report? 3. In 19th century England, who were the styles of Ottoman tiles copied by? 4. How many
species of monkey are kept here? 5.How was his tyre punctured? 6. Who has this ridiculous newspaper article
been written by? 7.Has our rubbish been collected? 8.Are the windows cleaned by the caretaker once a week?
9.When was General Pinochet released by the Home Secretary? 10.What has been dropped from the plan?
11.Who was interviewed by him yesterday? 12. Who was he interviewed by yesterday? 13.Why is carpet being
laid in the kitchen? 14.Is all the carpet going to be laid today? 15.When are the leaflets we need going to be sent
to us?
Exercise 5 (pg. 9)
1.passive form is possible but not natural (...you could be told of...) 2....when this sentence was written in a
letter... 3.no change 4.A career as an artist had been opposed by his father. 5.However, he was allowed to go to
London to study art in 1811, after his work was praised by Gilbert Stuart. 6...., he found that Americans were not
interested in buying paintings. 7.He realised that very little could be earned from painting portraits. 8.Morse
was inspired to invent the telegraph by a chance conversation while he... 9.He was told by a fellow passenger
about European experiments in electromagnetism. 10.Morse remarked, "If the presence of electricity can be
made visible in any part of the circuit, I see no reason why intelligence cannot be transmitted by electricity."
11.no change 12.no change 13.Thus, years of work and study were required to perfect his device. 14.His
determination was admired. 15.He was given practical help by the industrialist Alfred Vail, physicist Joseph
Henry and others. 16.passive form is possible but not natural (...a patent was applied for by him on...) 17.no
change 18...., he was appropriated $30,000 by the United States Congress to build aline... 19...., the first
message was flashed over this wire. 20.no change 21.Use for the telegraph was quickly found by newspapers,
railroads and businesses. 22. After Western Union had been founded in 1856, wires were soon strung from coast
to coast. 23.no change 24.The code of dots and dashes used in sending messages is still known as the Morse
code, in honour of its inventor. 25.When he died in 1872, on April 2, public memorial meetings were held across
the nation.

65
Exercise 15 (pg. 26)
1.would prefer the children to be supervised... 2. want to be given an opinion on their daughter's condition by a
doctor. 3.just want to be given a chance. 4. are expected to deliver the furniture.../is expected to be delivered...
5.hates being overtaken... 6.asked to be promoted to manager. 7. need to be provided. 8.likes being challenged
9.needs to be obtained.... 10.are not allowed to drive cars.../don't allow cars to be driven.../are not allowed to be
driven...
Exercise 16 (pg. 29)
1.It is assumed that she turned down.../She is assumed to have turned down... 2.1t is said that he knows.../He is
said to know more than anyone... 3.It is suspected that he resigned.../He is suspected to have resigned... 4.It is
believed that West Bromwich is.../West Bromwich is believed to be... 5.It is claimed that the company
has.../The company is claimed to have... 6.It is expected that the company will sell.../The company is expected
to sell... 7.It was observed that children in the Sudan were suffering.../Children in the Sudan were observed to be
suffering... 8.It is reported that fighting has broken out.../Fighting is reported to have broken out... 9.It is
understood that the government has introduced.../The government is understood to have introduced... 10.lt is
expected that 50,000 people will lose. ../50,000 people are expected to lose their jobs...
Exercise 17 (pg. 30)
a) l.was born 2.was 3.became 4.was spent 5.seldom saw 6.was brought 7.1oved 8.gave 9.became
10.accompanied 11.had 12.was done 13.met 14.reasoned 15.be made 16.had anticipated 17.had permitted
18.were built (were being built) 19.decided 20.were made 21.became 22.1ed 23.was never defeated 24.was
killed 25.was stabbed
b) l.C 2.E 3.B
Exercise 18 (pg. 31)
a) l.rode 2.joined 3.was raised 4.slept 5.started 6.rode 7.were lined 8.were waving (waved) 9.were shouting
(snouted) 10.were woken 1 l.was surprised 12.was bordered (is bordered) 13.became (becomes) 14.rode 15.saw
16.had been moved (was moved) 17.had been threatened (was threatened) 18.was 19.had been cycling 20.had
covered 21.were exhausted 22.stopped 23.had been entombed (were entombed) 24.found 25.raised (had raised)
26.1earnt (had learnt)
b) l.E 2.A 3.B
Exercise 19 (pg. 32)
a) l.is 2.divides 3.is 4.begin 5.launched 6.were not welcomed 7.have been 8.was opened 9,has so far been
welcomed 10.is suspended 11.is 12.be accommodated 13-are expected 14.are employed 15.is divided 16.are
sponsored 17.focuses 18.is sponsored 19.were lent 20.are covered
b) l.C 2.C 3.D
Exercise 20 (pg. 33)
a) l.is transmitted 2.is 3.is believed 4.suffered 5.originated 6.accompanied 7.was named 8.was also known 9.are
exposed 10.is estimated 11.has become 12.worked 13.became 14.was diagnosed 15.had never been 16.had
driven 17.became 18.had never been 19.had unloaded 20.became 21.is assumed 22.were carried 23.were
released
b) 1.A 2.B 3-D
Exercise 21 (pg. 34)
a) l.is going to be erected (is being erected/will be erected) 2.was 3.was born 4.was educated 5.became 6-broke
7.travelled 8.applied 9.was not granted 10.applied 11.was recruiting 12.was denied 13.was not 14.went
15.established 16.went 17.went 18.was featured 19.was raised 2O.published 21.spent 22.had become 23.had
been awarded 24.died 25.have been named
b) l.B 2.C 3.E
Exercise 22 (pg. 35)
a) l.is situated 2.were once described 3.was founded 4.were written 5.are still preserved 6.were educated 7.live
8.contains 9.are looked 10.are encouraged 11.is considered 12.come 13.have 14.find 15.are provided 16.are
encouraged 17.is equipped 18.was opened 19.enter 20.gain
b) l.D 2.A 3.B

ANSWER KEY to EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS

1-B 2-D 3-A 4-C 5-E 6-B 7-A 8-C 9-A 10-C 11-A 12-B

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Exercise 6 (pg. 11)
l.was given the calendar/was given to him 2.will be told to the customers/will be told lies 3-will be
given a pay rise/will be given to you 4.is going to be sent to us/are going to be sent a quotation S.were
taught to Kate/was taught the basics of dressmaking 6.was presented with a beautiful retirement
gift/was presented to their teacher 7.were provided for the victims of the earthquake/were provided
with tents 8.was given a free T-shirt/was given to each volunteer tree planter
Exercise 7 (pg. 12)
1.is held/starts/lasts/walk/run/is allowed/is referred (has been referred) 2.fell/led/were made/were
killed/died/hadn't been built 3.is being questioned/was painted/appear/is valued/was
painted/remained/was taken/suffered/crashed/ destroyed 4.take off/won't be delayed 5.were
rescued/had hit (hit) 6.has been shown 7.held/raised/was presented 8.caused/fell/were pushed /arrived
/saved/was expected/was severely criticised 9.had been working/was recalled 10.was removed/could
not be saved/died 11.are continually encountered/are eventually affected (will be eventually affected)
12.are found/have been named/are located 13.were offered/was filled/found/ate 14.looked/was
hidden/hadn't been mowed 15.were fitted/haven't hung 16.are...doing/am being interviewed (am going
to be interviewed/will be interviewedj/really want 17.have just been given/have dialled 18.are
exported/grows 19.died/has been known 20.was officially opened/had been selling
Exercise 8 (pg. 14)
1.impose 2.be imposed 3.be destroyed 4.have been switched/leave 5.be worn 6.be recalled. 7.be
operated 8.have been sold 9.always be rewritten 10.rewrite 11.find/have been thrown 12.buy/damage
13.have explained 14.be made/be washed 15.have priced/only sell 16.send/be converted 17.be
relied/have taken 18.provide 19.have bought 20.have been left
Exercise 9 (pg. 15)
3.is heavily tarnished 4.was bored 5.is decorated/are all covered 6.is chipped 7.were exhausted 8.was
insured 9.is concealed 10.is situated 11.was situated 12.is burnt 13.are still damaged 14.is divided
15.was annoyed 16.was broken 17.is dented 18.was crowded 19.was lost 20.was dyed
Exercise 10 (pg. 17)
1.about 2.for 3.from 4.at 5.to 6.for 7.from 8.with 9.with 10.to 11.to 12.against 13.about 14.with
15.with 16.with 17.to 18.with 19.with 20.to
Exercise 11 (pg. 18)
1.E 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.E 9.C 10.A 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.E 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B
Exercise 12 (pg. 21)
2.get dressed 3.gets depressed 4.got more and more frightened 5.got promoted 6.gets confused 7.are
both getting excited 8.gets embarrassed 9.will get delayed 10.were getting divorced 11.am getting
upset 12.got damaged 13.will get encouraged 14.will get better acquainted 15.often get involved
Exercise 13 (pg. 23)
l.B 2.C 3.C 4.E 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.E 14.B 15.A
Exercise 14 (pg. 24)
I.He couldn't be dissuaded from handing in his resignation by any of his colleagues. 2.His life couldn't
have been saved by anyone. 3...that they really shouldn't have been paid anything. 4.No one in my
family is interested in... 5.No one has been given any explanations yet. 6..., but nothing could be
proved. 7.Nothing must be disturbed until... 8.Charlie couldn't be beaten by anyone that day.
9.Nothing should be left unattended at the airport. 10.This chess tournament hasn't been won by
anyone from...

67
 TEST YOURSELF 1
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.E 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.B
11.C 12.C 13.D 14.E 15.A 16.D 17.E 18.E 19. B 2O. C
21.D 22.E 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.E 27.D 28.B 29.A 3O.A

68
31.C 32.A 33.E 34.B 35.D

TEST YOURSELF 2
l.D 2.E 3.B 4. D 5.A 6.C 7.E 8.D 9.B 1O.C
ll.B 12. B 13. D 14.A 15.A 16.D 17.C 18.C 19.E 20.A
21.B 22.D 23. E 24.D 25. B 26.A 27.C 28.E 29.D 30.B
31.C 32. A 33.B 34.C 35.D
TEST YOURSELF 3

l.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.E 7.C 8.D 9.A 1O.B
ll.E 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.E 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 2O.A
21.A 22.E 23. C 24.B 25.D 26.D 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.C
31.B 32.A 33.B 34. E 35.B 36.C 37.C 38.A 39.E 4O.B
41.A 42.B 43.D 44. C 45.B

TEST YOURSELF 4

l.C -2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.E 1O.C
ll.D 12.A 13.E 14.E 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20. D
21. C 22.E 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.E 29.B 3O.E
31.E 32.C 33.A 34. C 35.A 36.E 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.D
41.E 42.C 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.E 49.D 50.E
51.B 52.A 53.C 54.D 55.E 56.B 57.B 58.D 59.A 60. C
61.E 62.D 63.B 64.A 65.A 66.C 67.E 68.B 69.D 7O.B
71. A 72.B 73.C 74.A 75.D 76.E 77.A 78.B 79.E 80.A
81. C 82.C 83.A 84.D 85.B

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

l.B 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.E
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.E 15.B 16.B 17.E 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.E 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.B 2G.E 27.A 28. C 29.D 3O.E
31.D 32.A 33.B 34.E 35.C 36.D 37.D 38.A 39.E 40. C

69