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Causes & Consequences of Urban Sprawl 2

Urban sprawl is the scattered, unplanned development of high-rises in peripheral regions outside cities. This document discusses the causes and consequences of urban sprawl. The causes include population growth, expanding economies, new industries, speculation, transportation routes, low property values in suburbs, and lack of regulation. The consequences are both positive and negative. Positives are economic growth and jobs. Negatives are significant environmental impacts like pollution, traffic, and loss of habitats; high infrastructure costs; and cultural impacts like loss of rural culture. While sprawl extends development, the document argues that its unplanned nature leads to more problems than benefits.

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Aditi Bardhan
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141 views5 pages

Causes & Consequences of Urban Sprawl 2

Urban sprawl is the scattered, unplanned development of high-rises in peripheral regions outside cities. This document discusses the causes and consequences of urban sprawl. The causes include population growth, expanding economies, new industries, speculation, transportation routes, low property values in suburbs, and lack of regulation. The consequences are both positive and negative. Positives are economic growth and jobs. Negatives are significant environmental impacts like pollution, traffic, and loss of habitats; high infrastructure costs; and cultural impacts like loss of rural culture. While sprawl extends development, the document argues that its unplanned nature leads to more problems than benefits.

Uploaded by

Aditi Bardhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY

GEOGRAPHY DEPARTMENT

ASSIGNMENT
ON

“Causes & ConsequenCes


Of
urban sprawl”

Under Supervision of: Prof. Saurav Chakraborty

Date of Submission: 4th September, 2018

Submitted by –
ADITI BARDHAN
PG 1st sem
GEOG-001
15121221013
Introduction:
Urban Sprawl is the scattered development of High-Rises in periphery regions of
the city which can be described as zone of transition between a city and adjacent
rural areas, to which urbanization has extended, rather in an unplanned fashion.
Both “Concentric Zone Model” of Burgess &” Multiple Nuclei Model” of Harris
& Ullman suggest Urban Sprawls as Residential Zone for well-off people who
can afford the transport and maintenance costs of such areas, away from the city
core.

Causes of Urban Sprawl Development:


 Population Growth leads to the crowdedness that exceeds the holding
capacity of city, resulting to sprawls.
 Expanding Economic Base demands more housing and settlement space,
when the city center can’t support it.
 New Industry Establishments in countrysides attract labour and other
forces of production forming sprawls in suburbs.
 Speculating future growth, prospect and imposition of Government policies
& services in an area can lead to sprawling.
 In city fringes when Expectation of Land Appreciation is high, some
landholders withhold lands producing “leap-frog” development forming low
density urban sprawls.
 Ruggedness of Physical Terrain causes “leap-frog” sprawl developments.
 The Public Services (eg: Transport) cost more in the countryside, hence
settlement concentration is low and spread.
 With time Property Value becomes sky-high at the core, encouraging
suburban development where the rate is low.
 Due to intensification of both pollution & population, well-off people
choose suburbs for Quality Life, more Living Space, Recreational Space
and Fresh Air.
 Loose Public Control & Regulation at the countryside encourage
developers and also such huge Construction Spaces are almost unavailable
at the core anymore.
 Transport Routes encourage linear outgrowth of urban sprawls along the
highways & expressways.
 Government doesn’t allow high rises along Narrow Roads, hence such
constructions are better accommodated in the less dense suburbs.
 Nucleus Family system occupies more living space.
 Housing is a stable Asset, thus one may possess more than one.
 Credits & Loan Facilities at low rates encourage Sprawling.
 House Tax is lower in suburbs.
 Low price of Agricultural Land.

Consequences of Urban Sprawl:


There are both positive and negative consequences of urban sprawling but
sprawling being unplanned and unorderly, its negativity mostly overdoes its
positivities.
A. Positive Consequences
 Higher Economic Production.
 Opportunity for employment generation in the sprawled areas.
 Better infrastructure in countryside due to building of High Rises.
 Better life because of more opportunities, better services &
infrastructure.
 Extension and betterment of public services like Transport, Health-care,
Education, etc.

B. Negative Consequences
 Environmental Impacts
 Misuse & Loss of natural resources cause loss of many species’
habitat. All leading to Ecosystem Damage.
 Commutation in private automobiles create Traffic Congestion,
Air Pollution, Noise Pollution & road Accidents.
 Reduced Water Quality & Water Quantity due to metal road
construction. Moreover, Water Overconsumption through
wastage.
 Loss of Agricultural Land and other primary productivity lands to
the buildings. Example- East Kolkata Wetlands.
 Destruction of wetlands that absorb the floodwaters and reduce the
susceptibility to flood. This increases Risk & Damage from Flood.
Example- Frequent floods in Kolkata.
 In the sprawled areas, due to building of metal roads & cutting of
trees, Temperature Increase is seen.
 Economic Impacts
 Public Services to the sprawl areas are more expensive. Hence
their maintenance & providing cost is high.
 Infrastructure Cost is higher in low density sprawl areas.
 Sprawling blocks the future scope for Proper Urban Planning.
 In sprawling areas per capita total Energy Consumption is much
higher. Hence Automobile & Fuel Industries are being profited
highly.
 Some places are ecotourism spots. Sprawling Damages the
Tourism Industry there.
 Sprawling causes Wealth Disparity as when the rich urbanites
relocate to the suburbs, leaving behind the poor residents. This
makes a stratified zones of settlement based on living standard.
 Cultural Impacts
 Encroachment of Urbanization towards rural lands.
 Sprawling Disintegrates the Local Culture through intrusion of
urbanites.
 The Life & Interests of the Rurales are highly disturbed.
 Sprawls cause Disintegration of Social Capital as here
neighborhood relationship and interactions are hindered.
 Health Impacts
 Sprawl population face Obesity because of fast-fooding &
untimely lifestyle.
 In Medical Emergency quick hospitalization is sometimes a
problem.
Thus sprawling though extends urbanization but its unplanned manner possess
more troubles than to bring out the utilities of Urbanization.

THE END

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