Scribd
Upload
45 views

Frequency Response of A Linear Network

The document summarizes an experiment to analyze the frequency response of low pass and high pass filters using a resistor and capacitor in different configurations. In the first circuit, with resistor and capacitor in series, the output amplitude dropped as frequency increased, showing low pass filter behavior. In the second circuit, with resistor and capacitor in parallel, there was little effect on output amplitude up to high frequencies, demonstrating high pass filter behavior. Measurements of output amplitude, time shift, gain and phase shift were recorded across a range of input frequencies to characterize the frequency response in both circuits.

Uploaded by

Isaac Cefai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Frequency Response of A Linear Network

The document summarizes an experiment to analyze the frequency response of low pass and high pass filters using a resistor and capacitor in different configurations. In the first circuit, with resistor and capacitor in series, the output amplitude dropped as frequency increased, showing low pass filter behavior. In the second circuit, with resistor and capacitor in parallel, there was little effect on output amplitude up to high frequencies, demonstrating high pass filter behavior. Measurements of output amplitude, time shift, gain and phase shift were recorded across a range of input frequencies to characterize the frequency response in both circuits.

Uploaded by

Isaac Cefai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Frequency Response of a

Linear Network.

Isaac Cefai 42089(M)


James Michallef
CCE1210 – Signals and Systems
Dr. Ing Victor Buttigieg
Equipment Used:

1. Power Supply
2. Capacitor (10nF)
3. Resistor (10kΩ)
4. Waveform Generator
5. 2-Channel Oscilloscope

Theoretical Background:

Low Pass Filter:

A low-pass filter is a filter that passes low-frequency signals but rejects the
other frequencies. The actual amount of amplitude left to pass for each frequency
varies from filter to filter. The concept of a low-pass filter exists in many different
forms, including electronic circuits like a hiss filter used in audio, digital algorithms for
smoothing sets of data and so on.

The passband of a filter is the range of frequencies that the filter lets to pass
whilst the stopband are the other range of frequencies that are passed. The cutoff
frequency is where the passband stops and normally is defined where the response
drops by 3dB from passband response.

The cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter occurs when

where:
Taking the impedances of the resistor and the capacitor:
High Pass Filter:
Results of the Experiment:
The Circuit (1):

The circuit above was set up having R = 10kΩ, C = 10nF and a sinusoidal
wave generator. The amplitude of was set to 1V and was kept constant
throughout the experiment.

The frequency of was varied as shown in the table below. The amplitude
and the time shift were recorded too in the table, also, the phase shifts and gain
were calculated later.

Output Wave form Calculated Values


Gain
Frequency Time Shift Amplitude Gain (Vo/Vin) Phase Shift
(Hz) (μs) (V) (Vo/Vin) (dB) (rad)
50 0 1 1 0 0
100 -150 1 1 0 -0.094
200 -80 1 1 0 -0.100
400 -100 0.95 0.95 -0.446 -0.251
800 -100 0.9 0.9 -0.915 -0.503
1600 -80 0.64 0.64 -3.876 -0.804
3200 -75 0.44 0.44 -7.131 -1.508
6400 -36 0.24 0.24 -12.396 -1.448
12800 -2 0.12 0.12 -18.416 -0.161
25600 -1 0.07 0.07 -23.098 -0.161
Plots shown on the Oscilloscope with being a square wave:
The Circuit (2):

This time R and C were reversed resulting in the following circuit. Under the
circuit there is the table of the values read and calculated.

Everything was done like the previous part but with R and C reversed.

Output Wave form Calculated Values


Gain
Frequency Time Shift Amplitude Gain Phase Shift
(Vo/Vin)
(Hz) (μs) (V) (Vo/Vin) (rad)
(dB)
50 0 1 1 0 0
100 0 1 1 0 0
200 0 1 1 0 0
400 0 1 1 0 0
800 0 1 1 0 0
1600 0 1 1 0 0
3200 2 1 1 0 0.040
6400 2 1 1 0 0.080
12800 1.6 1 1 0 0.129
25600 1.4 0.98 0.98 -0.175 0.225
Plots shown on the Oscilloscope with being a square wave:

You might also like