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02 Dasar-Dasar Perancangan Reaktor Untuk Reaksi Homogen Isotermal

The document discusses the basics of reactor design for homogeneous isothermal reactions. It introduces mole balance equations for batch, continuous stirred-tank, plug flow, and packed bed reactors. Design equations are presented for single reactions in each of these reactor types. Examples are given for calculating time to consume reactants in batch and continuous reactors based on mole balances and rate laws.

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25 views

02 Dasar-Dasar Perancangan Reaktor Untuk Reaksi Homogen Isotermal

The document discusses the basics of reactor design for homogeneous isothermal reactions. It introduces mole balance equations for batch, continuous stirred-tank, plug flow, and packed bed reactors. Design equations are presented for single reactions in each of these reactor types. Examples are given for calculating time to consume reactants in batch and continuous reactors based on mole balances and rate laws.

Uploaded by

Octovianus Pasanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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02

Dasar-Dasar Perancangan
Reaktor Untuk Reaksi Homogen
Isotermal

25
Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan
dasar-dasar perancangan reaktor untuk
reaksi homogen isotermal
• Penyusunan Persamaan neraca mole secara umum
• Aplikasi neraca mole pada tipe reaktor berbeda: Reaktor
batch (RB), reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk (RATB),
reaktor alir pipa (RAP), dan reaktor packed bed (RPB).
• Persamaan desain untuk reaksi tunggal RB, RATB,
RAP, dan RPB
• Pembahasan contoh soal

26
General Mole Balance Equation

Persamaan neraca mole pada elemen volume dV

R masuk – R keluar + R generasi = R akumulasi

27
Mole Balance on Different Reactor Types

Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral


Type
Batch

CSTR

PFR

PBR

28
Case - 01
• Calculate the time to reduce the number of
moles by a factor of 10 in a batch reactor
for the reaction with -rA = k CA, when k =
0.046 min-1

SOLUTION
29
Case - 02

The irreversible liquid phase second order


reaction is carried out in a CSTR. The entering
concentration of A, CA0, is 2 molar and the exit
concentration of A, CA, is 0.1 molar. The
entering and exiting volumetric flow rate, vo, is
constant at 3 dm3/s. What is the corresponding
reactor volume?

SOLUTION
30
Case – 03 (CDP1-AA)
A 200-dm3 constant-volume batch reactor is
pressurized to 20 atm with a mixture of 75%
A and 25% inert. The gas-phase reaction is
carried out isothermally at 227 oC.
• Assuming that the ideal gas law is valid, how many moles
of A are in the reactor initially? What is the initial
concentration of A?
• If the reaction is first order:
Calculate the time necessary to consume 99% of A.
• If the reaction is second order:
Calculate the time to consume 80% of A. Also
calculate the pressure in the reactor at this
time if the temperature is 127 oC.
SOLUTION 31
32
Solution Case - 01:

Therefore, t = 50 minutes BACK 33


Solution Case - 02 BACK

Mole Balance

Rate Law

Combine

What is
wrong
with this
solution?
34
Solution Case - 03
• How many moles of A are in the reactor initially?
What is the initial concentration of A? If we assume
ideal gas behavior, then calculating the moles of A
initially present in the reactor is quite simple. We insert
our variables into the ideal gas equation:

Knowing the mole fraction of A (yAo) is 75%, we multiply


the total number of moles (NTo) by the yAo:

The initial concentration of A (CAo) is just the moles of A


divided by the volume:
35
• Time (t) for a 1st order reaction to consume
99% of A. With both 1st and 2nd order reactions,
we will begin with the mole balance:

There is no flow in or out of our system, and we will


assume that there is no spatial variation in the reaction
36
rate. We are left with:
Knowing the moles per volume (NA/V) is concentration
(CA), we then define the reaction rate as a function of
concentration:

First Order Reaction


This is the point where the solutions for the different
reaction orders diverge.
Our first order rate law is:

We insert this relation into our mole balance:

37
and integrate:

Knowing CA=0.01 CAo and our rate constant (k=0.1 min-1),


we can solve for the time of the reaction:

BACK
38
03
TABEL STOIKIOMETRI

39
Rate Laws
• Power Law Model
• k is the specific reaction rate (constant)
and is given by the Arrhenius Equation:

Where:
E = activation energy (cal/mol)
R = gas constant (cal/mol*K)
T = temperature (K)
A = frequency factor

40
Stoichiometric Tables

Using stoichiometry, we set up all of our


equations with the amount of reactant A as
our basis.

41
Batch System Stoichiometric Table

42
Where:

Concentration -- Batch System:

Constant Volume Batch:

43
Flow System Stoichiometric Table

REAKTOR ALIR PIPA

44
45
• Concentration -- Flow System:

• Liquid Phase Flow System:

46
• Gas Phase Flow System:
– From the compressibility factor equation of
state:

– The total molar flowrate is:

47
Algorithm for Isothermal Reactor
Design
Example: The elementary gas phase
reaction
takes place in a CSTR at constant
temperature (500 K) and constant
pressure (16.4 atm). The feed is equal
molar in A and B.

Mole Balance

Rate Law
48
For a gas phase system:

If the conditions are isothermal (T = T0) and


isobaric (P = P0):

And if the feed is equal molar, then:

49
• This leaves us with CA as a function of
conversion alone:

• Similarly for CB:

[Why do you suppose CB is a constant,


when B is being consumed?]

50
Combine

Evaluate

51
Example: The elementary liquid phase reaction

is carried out isothermally in a CSTR. Pure A


enters at a volumetric flow rate of 25 dm3/s and
at a concentration of 0.2 mol/dm3.
What CSTR volume is necessary to achieve a
90% conversion when k = 10 dm3/(mol*s)?

Mole Balance

Rate Law

Stoichiometry liquid phase (v = vo)


52
Combine

Evaluate, at X = 0.9,

53
Arrhenius Equation

54
55

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