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Republic of Somaliland

Somaliland National Examination Board

Form Four

GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION

June 2017

ANSWERS
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

PART ONE: Multiple choice questions, circle the correct answer. (20 marks)

1- The parasite that live inside the animals are called:

a) Animal parasite.
• Ecto= external
b) ECTO-parasite. • Endo= internal
c) ENDO-parasite.
d) Pathogen-parasite

2- Which of the following economic activities is not convenient in Somaliland?

a) Pastoralism
b) Farming
c) Trade
d) Mining

3- The most significant sources of traditional energy in East Africa is:

a) Fossil fuel
b) Wood fuel Traditional= wakhtigii hore la isticmaali jiray

c) H.E.P. (Hydro-Electric Power)

d) Solar energy

4- The growing of a single crop in an area is called:

a) Mono-cropping
b) Intercropping
c) Field cropping
d) Horticultural cropping

5- Somaliland farmer are mainly grown a sorghum because:

a) It is drought resistant
b) It is also grown as fodder for animals
c) It is high yield
d) A & B

1 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

6- The main cereal grown in Africa is:

a) Rice
b) Millet (dukhun ama tukhun)
c) Wheat
d) Oats

7- One of the conditions that is necessary for the cultivation of banana is:
a) High temperature and humidity
b) A clay soil which retains water
c) Strong winds which causes little damage
d) A cool winter for 4 to 6 months

8- The largest exporter of sugar cane is

a) India
b) China
c) Brazil
d) Cuba

9- Commercial animal farming is mainly practiced with all of the following animals
except.
a) Sheep Fiiro gaar ah: imtixaankan 2017, jawaabta saxda ahi way ka
maqnayd su’aashan 9aad, ee xoolaha aan si rasmi ah
b) Goats adduunayada wali aan ganacsi galin waa doofaarka (pigs).
c) Poultry
d) Dairy cows
e) Pigs

10- The world’s largest exporter of raw cotton is:

a) U.S.A.
b) China
c) India
d) Mexico

2 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

11- Atomic power is derived from the mineral called:

a) Felspar
b) Uranium
c) Graphite
d) Bauxite

12- Which type of the following goods is suitable for air transport?
a) High value, high bulk, non-perishable
• High bulk= culus
b) Low value, low bulk, non-perishable • Low bulk= fudud
c) Low value, low bulk, perishable • Value= qiimaha shayga
• Perishable= hore u xumaada amah ore
d) High value, low bulk, perishable qudhma sida khudaarta, caanah iyo kaluunka

13- Which one of the following region exports and imports less goods in terms of
value than any of the others
• exports and imports less goods= wax badan
a) Africa
aan dhoofin isla markaana aan wax badan la so
b) Europe degin
c) North America
d) South America

14- The population density of a country depends on

a) The rate of population increase
b) The size of the territory and the size of population
c) The birth rate and death rate
d) The standard of living and urbanization

15- The world’s population in the last one hundred years has increased enormously
mainly because:
a) Families increased in size
b) Fewer natural catastrophes occurred then in previous centuries
c) Medical science improved
d) People married at earlier ages

3 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

16- Which are the two chief rice exporters of south-East Asia
a) Burma and Thailand
b) Malaysia and Taiwan
c) Burma and Malaysia
d) Thailand and Taiwan

17- Which of the following sources of power in Africa, south of Sahara, will be
available long after some of the other sources have been exhausted
a) Mineral oil
• South of sahara= waddamadda koonfur saxaraaga ka xiga
b) Natural gas ayaa looga jeedaa.
c) Coal • Available long: renewable energy aya looga jeedaa
• Exhausted: ay dhamaadeen, waxa dhamaanaya waa non-
d) Water power renewable energy sida mineral oil, natural gas, caol

18- Inorganic substances which are composed of chemical elements is called:

a) Mining
b) Mineral
c) Alluvial
d) Fossils

19- Which of the following mining type is more suitable for the production of petroleum?
a) Open cast mining
Types of underground mining
b) Underground mining
1. Adit method
c) Hydraulic mining 2. Shaft method
d) Alluvial mining 3. Solution method
4. Drilling method= used for petroleum mining

20- The types of Somaliland government is

a) Republican form • Republic= people elect representatives ( waa democracy sax
b) Monarchy form ah)
• Monarchy: rule by king or queen (boqortooyo)
c) Aristocracy form • Aristocracy= government ruled by the wealthy, educated
d) Democratic republic people
• Democratic republic= Communist dictatorship (china)

4 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

PART TWO: SHORT QUESTIONS (60 marks)

Answers all the questions in the provided

Q1. Explain any three climatic factors of agriculture in Somaliland? (6 marks)

a) Temperature: high temperature and low temperatures are not good for crops.
Each crop requires its optimum temperature.
b) Rainfall: rainfall is a source of water; it supplies crops water used for all cell
activities and photosynthesis.
c) Wind: wind has both positive and negative effects on crops, positively it
transfers pollen from flower to another, negatively, it can damage crops by
shedding flowers and breaking branches
.
Q2. State the characteristics of commercial plantation farming? (6 marks)
a) Land size involved is more than 40 hectares.
b) Planted crops are scientifically maintained.
c) Use of mechanization
d) It is a monoculture
e) High yield of production.
f) Used for commercial purposes.

Q3. Define the following terms:

a) Energy: (2 marks)
a) Energy is the power required to run a machine or to assist human in
production.
b) Renewable energy (2 marks)
b) Renewable: those sources that can be regenerated and used over a long
period of time.
c) Non-renewable energy (2 marks)
c) Non-renewable: are exhaustible if they are not well managed.

5 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

Q4. Compare and contrast transport and communication (6 marks)

d) Transport involves only the physical carriage of goods while

communication Physical carriage of information is used.
e) In transport, time is essential as the distance to be covered may be long
while transmission of the information is immediate.
f) Transport deals with the movement of goods and people while
communication deals with the movement of information.

Q5. Analyze the types of governments? (6 marks)

a) Monarchy: consists of rule by king or queen and sometimes a king is called an

emperor especially if there is a large empire.

b) Dictatorship: consists of rule by one person or a group of people. The dictator

may be one person, such as Castro in Cuba or Hitler in Germany, or a group of
people, such as the communist party in China.

c) Aristocracy: is system of government ruled by the wealthy, educated people.

d) Democracy: the word democracy is derived from the Greek word

‘demokratien’, all democracies are really republics. In a republic, the people
elect representatives to make and enforce laws.

e) Democratic republic: Usually, a democratic republic is not democratic and is not

republic. A government that officially calls itself a democratic republic is usually a
dictatorship. Communist dictatorships have been prone to use this term.

f) Parliamentary government: a political system where parliament is a central

feature. Government is elected from parliament and is accountable to parliament.

6 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

Q6. Explain any three physical factors influencing population distribution (6 marks)

a) Climate: areas which receive high rainfall are rich in agricultural resources thus
they can support a large population. The dry areas have sparse populations
because of their low agricultural potential. Very high temperature also
discourages human settlements.
b) Relief: areas of very high altitude have low population because of the extremely
low temperatures experienced there.
c) Vegetation: dense forests are sparely populated as it is difficult to develop
communication lines. They are also habitats for wild animals which may be
danger to human habitation, livestock and crops.

Q7. State the conditions necessary for formation of petroleum (6 marks)

a) Presence of organic remains

b) Presence of sedimentary rock of burying organic remains.
c) Presence of pressure to compress organic remains.
d) Presence of a porous reservoir rock to store the petroleum in the oil pools.
e) Presence of a trap-like or syncline to hold petroleum in a reservoir
f) Presence of impermeable rocks below the trap or syncline to prevent
petroleum from percolating further underground.

Q8. Define the following terms: (6 marks)

a) Mortality:
• Mortality rate is the number of deaths within a given population.
b) Infant mortality rate:
• Infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths in the first year of life
per one thousand live births.
c) Child mortality rate:
• Children mortality rate refers to the number of deaths of children aged
between 1 and 5 years per one thousand live births.

7 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

Q9. State the growing conditions of oil palm? (6 marks)

a) Temperature: over 210 C throughout the year.

b) Rainfall: over 2000 mm per year.
c) Altitude: 1000 metres above sea level
d) Humidity: high relative humidity.
e) Soil: well-drained, porous soil rich in humus.
f) Windbreak: trees should be planted at the edge of the plot.

Q10. Explain the types of trade? (6 marks)

a) International trade (external trade): is conducted beyond the borders of the

country.
Types of international trade.
1. Export trade: is the sale of goods and services by a country to another or
individuals in one country to individuals in another country.
2. Import trade: is the buying of goods and services by one country from another or
by individuals in one country from individuals in another country.

b) Home trade (internal trade): is carried out within country’s boundaries.

TYPES OF HOME TRADE

1. Retail trade: it involves the selling of goods and service to the final consumer at
a profit.
2. Wholesale trade: it involves the selling of goods and services to other trader for
resale.

8 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

PART THREE: EXTENDED QUESTIONS. Answer any two questions. (20 marks)

Each question carried 10 marks. Write your answer in the space provided.

Q1. Explain the types of alluvial mining? (10 marks)

a) Panning
• It involves digging a mixture of sand, gravel and mineral from the river bed.
Putting it in a pan and rotating the pan while tilted. The lighter sand or gravel is
washed on the side leaving the heavier mineral at the bottom of the pan e.g. gold
mining in Migor.

b) Dredging
• A dredger scoops waterlogged alluvium from the bed of a lake. The alluvium is
passed over sloping channels with series of traps. Wastes are washed away and
denser materials are left at the bottom of the trap e.g. mining of soda ash at L.
Magadi.

c) Hydraulic mining
• This method is used when deposits occur on a valley side. A powerful jet of water
is directed to the deposit. Gravel and minerals collect at the valley because of the
great pressure. The mineral grains are recovered and washed out.

d) Sub-marine mining
• Is the extracting of minerals in alluvial deposits lying deep down the ocean floor.
A sub-marine dredger goes down to the ocean floor and scoops mineral deposits
and rises to the surface. The alluvial is passed over sloping channels with series
of traps. Wastes are washed away and denser materials are left at the bottom of
the trap.

9 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

Q2. Describe any five reasons that cause migration? (10 marks)

a) Availability of land. • Fiiro gaar ah: fadlan yara

b) Availability of employment opportunities. faahfaahi 5 qodob oo ka mid ah.
c) Creation of wealth.
d) Search of religious and political freedom.
e) Wars.
f) Natural calamities.
g) Government policy

Q3. Explain any five problems facing transport and communication in Africa and
their possible solutions? (10 marks)

I. Problems
a) African countries have fragmented transport links.

b) Political instability which leads to destruction of transport and communication

facilities.

c) Wars which discourages movement through certain areas

d) Language barrier which hinders oral and written communication

e) High cost of fuel which hinders development of transport and communication.

II. Solutions
a) Making suitable transport networks for easy transportation.
b) Peace building and preventing instability and making modern infrastructures
c) Stopping wars and other crisis
d) Education people so that they can understand international languages
e) Lowering the price of fuel

10 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo
Somaliland National Examination Board Certificate of Secondary Education
Geography 2017

Q4. Explain the problems facing pastoralism in Somaliland and their possible
solution? (10 marks)

I. Problems
a) Climatic problems.
b) Pest and disease attack.
c) Lack of veterinary services.
d) Lack of transport.
e) Lack of knowledge

II. Solutions
a) Storing water and fodder for the dry season
b) Controlling pests and diseases that affects animals
c) Vaccinating animals to prevents infections caused by pathogens
d) Making suitable transports for easy transportation
e) Educating nomadic people .

11 ©SLNECB, 2017
Mohamd Taharo