Bank Accounting in SAP (FI-BL) – Introduction

Bank Accounting in SAP is a sub-application within SAP Financial Accounting (FICO

or S/4HANA Finance). It deals with managing accounting transactions with your
banks. Further, it helps you to manage both incoming and outgoing payments for
effective cash-balance management.

Even more, you can define all the country-specific parameters for manual and
electronic payment processing, payment forms, data media, settings for lockbox
processing (USA operation specific) and more.

What is Bank Master Data?

The bank master data is made up of communication data and control data (including
SWIFT code and IBAN) International Bank Account number of all the banks. It is
stored centrally in the bank directory.

Automatic Creation of Bank Master Data

SAP Customizing => Implementation Guide => Cross-Application Components
=> Bank Directory => Bank Directory Data Transfer

1. For international bank transfer, select the activity Transfer Bank Directory
Data through the program. Use RFBVBIC_0 to import bank master data from
a file, which is in the BIC+IBAN directory format.
2. For country-specific data transfer, use the customizing activity Transfer Bank
Directory data – country-specific and import the bank data ( in ASCII format)
through program RFBVALL_0.

Manual Creation of Bank Master Data

Use the SAP Easy Access menu path:

Accounting => Financial Accounting => Banking => Master Data => Bank
Master Record TCode FI01 => Create a bank master record manually in the
system.

Related: Bank Account Management in SAP S/4HANA

Related: SAP FICO Interview Questions on Bank Accounting

What is a House Bank in SAP Bank Accounting?

The house banks are banks through which you can carry out the payment
transactions. Normally you enter a house bank in the company code data in the
master record of a business partner.

Noteworthy, you can design one or more banks in the bank directory as per
your house banks.

 Each house bank has an identifier (maximum of five characters) known as

House Bank and is associated with a country through the Bank country key.
 Further, each House Bank also has a unique identifier (not more than 15
characteristics long) known as Bank key. This can be a SWIFT code for
overseas banks.
 Likewise, each Bank has one or more bank accounts represented by an
account ID. This account ID together with House Bank ID is used to identify a
bank account.
 In the same vein, each account ID also has a Bank Account Number ( length
not exceeding 18 characters)
 You can use a control key is used to identify the nature of the Bank account
 Each account ID mapped to G/L accounts.
The Lockbox in Bank Accounting in SAP
Using a lockbox clearing account, you post all the payments directly to the bank G/L
account.

The Process

 Normally, you receive cheques from your customers at your company code.
 Then you prepare to check deposit list and send it, along with cheques to the
house bank. This you do for those cheques to be accounted for or collected
into the bank accounts.
 Once this is done, the bank sends you a statement showing the checks
collected or returned and you reconcile your books accordingly.
 The incoming checks from the customers (together with payment instructions)
are collected at the bank where your customers send in the checks instead of
sending directly to you.
 Next, the bank records and sends ( daily or periodically) the information
relating to the checks received and payment collected. Such as customer
bank account number, cheque number, the amount paid, invoice etc.
 The information comes to you either in a lockbox statement form or in an
electronic file. (An Electronic file is a bank-specific format that we can import
directly into SAP’s main lockbox program. Its TCode is FLB2).
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How does the Lockbox help?
The clearing account has a non-zero balance (until all the amounts are applied to
customers outstanding receivables). However, the bank account shows the correct
balance. You post the collected amounts to respective bank accounts in addition to
clearing the appropriate A/R open items of the customers. Now here, if the payment
is not sufficient to fully clear an open item, the lockbox processing creates
payment advice that is post-processed.

Use TCode- FLB1 to create partial or residual items. Run a batch input to update
master records.

Steps to Define a Lockbox in Bank Accounting in SAP

IMG => Financial Accounting (New) => Bank Accounting => Bank Accounts =>
Define Lockbox for House Banks. TCode- OB10.

What is a Bank Business Transaction?

The business transactions in bank accounting include transactions relating to check
Deposit, bills of exchange, payments and cash journal. After master data creation
now we can proceed to configure the system to carry out the various business
transactions.

Bank Statements in Bank Accounting in SAP FICO

There are two types of bank statements in bank accounting in SAP FICO. These are
Manual bank statement and Electronic bank statement. First I will explain the
process and configuration on the manual bank statement.

Manual Bank Statement

Among other things, the manual bank statement functionality in SAP FICO enables
you to vary the row formatting when entering line items, vary the account assignment
variant for correct automatic account determination, transfer payment advice from
the cash and liquidity management application and change the opening and closing
balance entry. When you can create a maximum of two postings per line item a bank
account posting and sub-ledger posting.

The process of entering a bank statement manually has two steps:

1. Entering the line items in a bank account statement

2. Postings

Manual Bank Statement Configuration

1. Define Posting keys and posting rules for manual bank statement
2. Create and assign business transactions
3. Define variants for manual bank statement

The process to define Posting keys and posting Rules for Manual
Bank Statement
SPRO => Financial Accounting => Bank Accounting => Business Transaction
=> Payment Transaction =>Manual Bank Statement =>Define Posting keys and
Posting Rules

There are multiple sub-activities in this step:

1. Define account symbols instead of specific G/L accounts for easy

maintenance. On the initial overview screen, define the required account
symbols for the bank account, incoming check account, check clearing
account, charges account etc.
2. Once the account symbols are in place, you need to assign appropriate G/L
accounts to them. Double click assign accounts to accounts symbols in the
left dialogue pane and maintain the details on the resulting screen.
3. With the account symbols and G/L accounts assigned, the next step is to define
the posting rules that you may need for your bank statement entry. Denote each
posting rule with a posting rule key. Example Z07 Bank charges for which you later
define the posting rules for G/L and sub-ledger accounting.

4. The final step for each of the posting rule keys is to define the posting rules.
These include the affected posting area (only G/L or both G/L and sub-ledger)
posting keys (Debit and credit) compressing the line items before posting etc. Double
click Define posting rule in the left dialogue pane and enter the details.

Variants for Manual Bank Statement

To start processing a manual bank statement, you require an account assignment
variant, which you can configure using the menu path:

SPRO => Financial Accounting ( New ) => Bank Accounting => Business
Transaction => Payment Transaction => Manual Bank statement => Define
Variant for Manual Bank Statement TCode- OT43.

Electronic Bank Statement – Configuration

Along with all the settings for manual Bank statement configuration, add the
following settings:

SPRO => Financial Accounting => Bank Accounting => Business Transaction
=> Payment Transaction => Electronic Bank Statement => Make Global
Settings for Electronic Bank Statement (TCode – OT83).
 1. Create a transaction type (example BAI2) to which you will be assigning all
the external transactions.
2. Double click the Assign External Transaction Types to Posting Rules in the
left dialogue structure and assign the external transactions along with the
appropriate posting rules to the transaction type ( BAI2) already created in the
previous step. Also, maintain the +/- sign. Inter preparation Algorithm,
processing Type etc for each external transaction.
3. The Final step in global settings for electronic bank statement is assigning the
bank accounts to transactions types. Double click Assign Bank Accounts to
TRANSACTION TYPES in the left dialogue structure and on the resulting
overview screen.

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