MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 3 – MODULE 4
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS &
EQUATIONS & SOLVING EQUATIONS

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PART I

MELC Code: M6AL-IIIe-17

Defines a variable in an algebraic expression and equation.

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module is about defining variable in an algebraic expression and equation.
After going through this module, you should be able to define a variable in an
algebraic expression and equation.

A variable is any small letter of the English alphabet or symbol that

represents a number. (Examples: a, b, c, d etc.)
A constant has a fixed value that does not change. (Examples: 2, -1, Ꙥ etc.)
B. Illustrative Examples
Example 1

Algebraic
Constant/s Variable/s
Expression/Equation
a) x+3 3 x
b) 2f+ 5 2, 5 f
c) ½ bh 1/2 b, h
d) -5g+4h -5, 4 g, h
e) 6m + 2n = 16 6, 2 & 16 m, n

Example 2

Algebraic
Mathematical Phrase Constant/s Variable/s
Expression/Equation
a) Five more than x x+ 5 5 x
b) m decreased by 10 m-10 10 m
c) half of k ½k ½ k
d) c multiplied by 11 c x 11 11 c
e) a number increased
n + 10 = 15 10, 15 n
by 10 is 15

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MELC Code: M6AL-IIIe-18
Represents quantities in real-life situations using algebraic expressions and equations

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module presents quantities in real-life situations using algebraic

expressions and equations. After going through this module, you should be able to
construct algebraic expressions and equations from given real-life situations.
From the previous lesson, you have learned how to translate word phrases into
algebraic expressions.
Here are some key words that are used to describe common mathematical
operations, in representing quantities in real-life situations using algebraic expressions
and equations.

Symbols Common Words/Phrases

+ addition, plus, the sum of, more than, added to, increased by, the total of
subtraction, minus, the difference of, less than, decreased by, diminished
-
by, subtracted from, less
x, ●, ( ) multiplication, times, the product of, twice, multiplied by
÷, / division, divided by, the quotient of, the ratio of
= is equal to, equals, is the same as, result is, is, are, were, was

B. Illustrative Examples:
Here are some examples of representing quantities in real-life situations using
algebraic expressions and equations.

Example 1: Janny bought 10 more apples

Let n = the number of apples at first Algebraic expression: n +10

Example 2: Jon is 8 years older than Jhonel

Let x = Jhonel’s age Algebraic expression: x +8

Example 3: Joseph is twice as old as Joshua. Ten years ago, he was four times as old
as Joshua. Write the algebraic equation for their ages ten years ago.
Let x = the age of Joshua Algebraic equation: 2x -10 = 4(x -10)

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 Example 4: 140 is added to a number. The result is 60 more than 3 times the number.
Find the number.

Let n = the unknown number Algebraic equation: n +140 = 3n + 60

Example 5: The length of a rectangle is twice its width. If the perimeter is 90 m, find
the length and the width of the rectangle.

Let n = width
2n = length Algebraic equation: 90 = 2n + n

MELC Code: M6AL-IIIf-19

Solves routine and non-routine problems involving different types of numerical
expressions and equations such as 7+9 =__ + 6

A. Introduction and Discussion

This module was created and written for you to develop your skills in solving routine
and non-routine equations. A routine problem is a type of problem which there is an
immediate solution. A non-routine problem which requires analysis and insights into
known principles of mathematics. It involves difficult problem solving.

There are different ways to solve equations of the format ax + b = c. Consider the
following example.
Solve the equation 6n - 3 = 9
Solution:
Method 1- Guess and Test. This method is also called trial and error method. Assume
a value for the variable and check if the equation is true, otherwise try another value.
Equation if n =1 if n = 2
6n - 3 = 9 6(1) – 3 = 9 6(2) - 3 = 9
6-3 = 9 12-3 = 9
3 9 9 = 9
Therefore, the value of n is 2.

Method 2- Cover up. In this method, we cover up the term with the variable.

-3=9 To make a true equation, the value  must be 12, thus, 6n = 12,
n must be 2. Since 6●2 = 12. n must be 2

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 Method 3- Work backwards.

The left side of the equation shows that n was multiplied by 6 and then
decreased by 3 to obtain 9. Thus, if we add 3 from 9 and divide by 6, we can work
backwards to the value n

9 + 3 = 12; and 12 ÷ 6 = 2 Therefore, the value of n is 2.

Method 4- Applying Properties of Equality

 Addition property of equality (APE). If the same quantity is added to both sides
of an equation, the resulting equation is equivalent to the original equation.
 Multiplication property of equality(MPE). If both sides of an equation are
multiplied by the same nonzero quantity, the resulting equation is equivalent to
the original equation.

6n - 3 = 9 Given equation

6n – 3 +3 = 9 +3 Adding both sides by 3 (APE)

6n = 12 Simplifying the equation
(6n = 12) 1/6 Multiplying both sides by 1/6 (MPE)
n= 12 Thus, the value of n is 12

B. Illustrative Examples:
Example 1. Solve: x - 20 = 25
Solution: x - 20 = 25
x - 20 + 20 = 25 + 20 Adding both sides by 20 (APE)
x = 45 Simplifying the equation
Thus, the value of x is 45
Example 2. Solve: 4 ● f = -24
4 ● f (1/4) = -24 (1/4) Multiplying both sides by ¼ (MPE)
f = -24 (1/4) Simplifying the equation
f = -6 Thus, the value of f is -6

Example 3. Solve: 30 less than three times a number is equal to the number. Find the
number.
Let x = the number
Equation: 3x - 30 = x
Solution:
3x – 30 + 30 = x + 30 Adding both sides by 30 (APE)
3x – x = 30 Combine similar terms
2x = 30 Simplify the equation
2x ● ½ = 30● 1/2 by Multiplying both sides by 1/2 (MPE)
x = 15 Thus, the value of x is 15

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PART II. Activities
Activity 1

A. Directions: Determine the constants and the variables in each algebraic expressions.
1. 2a 6. 3e + 9f
2. x+3 7. d - 12
3. 5g + 18 8. a + 6b
4. 9(b + c) 9. 15x – 8y
5. m+n 10. 3+6
9 a-b

B. Directions: Determine the constants and the variables in each algebraic expressions.
1. The sum of a and twenty
2. Twice b decreased by thirty-three
3. Eighteen added to the difference of y and z
4. Thrice the sum of g and h
5. The product of q and nine
6. Sixty is equal to the sum of w and x.
7. Thirty is equal to thrice y decreased by z.
8. Ninety-three is equal to the difference of m and thrice n.
9. Seventy is equal to one half of k.
10. One half of j added to p is forty-six.

Activity 2

A. Directions: Match the following each real-life situation in Column A with their
algebraic expressions or equations in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer

Column A Column B
1. The score increased by 8 points. a. y + 5
2. Aj is 4 years younger than JB. b. g + 2
3. Elijah’s salary is lowered by 15%. c. x – 5%
4. Lorraine’s test score is 12 points higher than Amuary’s score. d. z – 5
5. Albert is 5 years younger than Althon. e. x + 1
6. John Dave bought 15 more apples. f. n + 8
7. Romy is thrice as old as Ronnie. g. 3x
8. Martha is q years old, Joseph is 2 years older than Martha. h. x + 15
9. Sandra is z years old. How old is she 5 years ago. i. q + 2
10. Beth is g years old. How old is she 2 years from now. j. m – 4

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 B. Directions: Read and translate each real-life situation into an algebraic expression or
equation.
1. Aeary weighed y kilograms. Express algebraically his weight after he gained 2.5
kilograms.
2. Juliann is m years old, Juliann’s father is 4 years more than twice his age.
3. Aeroll is p cm tall. Reign’s height is 10 cm less than twice Aeroll’s height.
4. Lorraine weights 25 kilograms. Her father weighs 5 kg less than 3 times Lorraine’s
weight.
5. Jon is x years old. Nathan is twice as old as Jon.

Activity 3
A. Directions: Solve each simple equation carefully.
1. 5x – 2 = 23 6. 6y – 3y = 76 + 5
2. 4n + n = 17 – 2 7. 4c – c = 90
3. 7p – 2p = 18 + 7 8. 6m – 4 = 4m + 12
4. 80 = 4n + n 9. 5x – 2x = 30 - 3
5. 3x + 2x = 75 10. 4n – 3 = 2n + 21

B. Directions: Read and answer each problem carefully. Show your solution
1. If twice a number is increased by 6 the result is 20. What is the number?
2. Fifty less than 6 times a number is equal to the number. Find the number.
3. The quotient of 30 and five more than a number is twelve. Find the number.
4. Twenty-four is eight less than twice a number. What is the number?
5. 170 is added to a number. The result is 30 more than 3 times a number. Find the
number.
12 10. b 10.
9 9. d 9.
8 8. i 8.
30 7. g 7.
27 6. h 6.
5. 70 15 5. 5. 2x a 5.
4. 16 16 4. 4. 3x - 5 e 4.
3. 6 5 3. 3. 2p - 10 c 3.
2. 10 3 2. 2. 2m + 4 j 2.
1. 7 25 1. 1. y + 2.5 f 1.

Activity 3 B Activity 3 A Activity 2 B Activity 2 A

a&b 10. 3 & 6

j &p 10. ½ & 46 x&y 9. 15 & 8
k 9. 70 & ½ a&b 8. 6
m&n 8. 93 & 3 d 7. 12
y&z 7. 30 & 3 e&f 6. 3 & 9
w&x 6. 60 m&n 5. 9
q 5. 9 b&c 4. 9
g&h 4. 3 g 3. 5 & 18
x 2. 3
y&z 3. 18 a 1. 2
b 2. 2 & 33 Variables Constants
a 1. 20
Variables Constants Activity 1 A

Activity 1 B ANSWER KEY

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KEY CONCEPTS
 A solution of an algebraic equation is a number that makes the sentence true.
 To solve equations for x in the form: x + m = n, where m and n are constant, subtract m from both
sides.
 To solve equations for x in the form: x - m = n, where m and n are constant, add m from both sides.
 To solve equations for x in the form: x = n, where m and n are constant, multiply both sides by m.
m
 To solve equations for x in the form: x ● m = n, where m and n are constant, divide both sides by m.

PART III. Assessment

A. Directions: Translate each problem into algebraic expression or equation and identify
the variable/s.
1. Julie weighs c kilograms. After going to gym for six months, she lost 2.5 kilograms.
Express her weight algebraically.
2. Peter is m centimeters tall. John’s height is 5 more than twice the height of Peter. How
tall is John?
3. Ador is thrice older than Emy. If Emy is d years old less than 9, how old is Ador?
4. Jupiter is n years old now. How old is Jupiter 7 years from now?
5. Anna’s sister is p years old. Anna is 4 years older than thrice the age of her sister.
How old is Anna?

B. MULTIPLE CHOICES. ENCIRCLE the letter of the correct answer.

1. If thrice a number is increased by 12, the result is 30. What is the number
a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9
2. Twelve less than twice a number is 28. What is the number
a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40
3. Twice a number, decreased by 12 is eight. Find the number.
a. 16 b. 14 c. 12 d. 10
4. The quotient of a number and ten is twenty. What is the number?
a. 100 b. 300 c. 200 d. 500
5. The length of a rectangle is twice its width. If the perimeter is 120m, find the length
of the rectangle.
a. 20 b. 40 c. 30 d. 80
6. Jannah is x centimeters tall. Jhonah’s height is 5 decreased by twice the height of
Jannah. How tall is Jhonah algebraically?
a. 5 – 2x b. 6 – 3x c. 5 + 2x d. 6 + 2x
7. Mr. Santos made a withdraw of x pesos from his savings account. His old balance was
Php 4,500.00 and his new balance is Php 2,400.00. How much did he withdraw?
a. Php 2,500.00 b. Php 2,300.00 c. Php 2,200.00 d. Php 2,100.00

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 8. A piece of candy cost 50 cents. The price of n pieces of candy is Php 20.00. How
many pieces of candy were bought?
a. 35 pieces b. 40 pieces c. 45 pieces d. 50 pieces
9. Juliet is n years old. I am six years more than thrice her age. The total of our age is 50.
How old is Juliet?
a. 9 years old b. 12 years old c. 11 years old d.15 years old
10. Jhona is p years old. In 10 years, she will be 28 years old. How old is she now?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 15 d. 18

References:

https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Cen
tricity/Domain/10878/5.4%20NOTES%20condensed%20-
%20Translating%20Expressions-%20Gammache.pdf

http://imathworksheets.com/equation-worksheets/equations-real-life-two-step-1.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=42&v=SumTLQrCiBM&feature=em
b_title

https://www.algebra-class.com/images/AlgebraWordProblems1.png

Marilyn B. Enojado. 2017. Enfolding Mathematics Life 6. 1624-1626 España Blvd.

cor. Don Quijote St. Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. St. Augustine Publication, Inc.
pp. 281-294
Marjoseph H. Perez, Donnel P. Placer, Jaime R. Burgos. 2016. 21st Century
MATHletes 6. 1253 G. Araneta Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Group, Inc.
pp. 224-248

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Part III
ANSWER KEY: