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Study Report on Using IoT Agriculture Farm Monitoring

Chapter · January 2019

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7082-3_55

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Study Report on Using IoT Agriculture
Farm Monitoring

G. Balakrishna and Moparthi Nageshwara Rao

Abstract The Internet of things (IoT) is rebuilding an agribusiness empowering the

ranchers with the extensive variety of strategies, for example, accuracy and support-
able farming to confront challenges in the farm. IOT innovation helps in gathering
data regarding a situation like climate, dampness, temp, and richness of soil, moni-
toring crop through internet by farmer empowers discovery of weed, level of water,
bug recognition, creature interruption into the field, trim development, and farming.
IOT use agriculturists to get associated with his ranch from anyplace and whenever.
Remote sensor systems are utilized for observing the ranch conditions and smaller
scale reviewer are utilized to control and mechanize the homestead forms. To see
remotely the conditions as picture and video, remote cameras have been utilized. An
advanced mobile phone enables the rancher to keep refreshed with the continuous
states of his rural land utilizing IOT whenever and any piece of the worldwide. IOT
innovation can lessen the cost and upgrade the efficiency of conventional cultivating.

Keywords Component · Formatting · Style · Styling · Insert · Temp · IoT ·

Smart agriculture

1 Introduction

Internet of Things (IoT) has the ability to change the world we live in; increasingly
proficient businesses, associated autos, and more astute urban communities are on the
whole parts of the IoT condition. Be that as it may, the use of innovation like IoT in
farming could have the best effect. The worldwide populace is set to touch 9.6 billion

G. Balakrishna (B) · M. Nageshwara Rao

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,
Guntur, India
e-mail: [email protected]
M. Nageshwara Rao (B)
Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India
e-mail: [email protected]

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 483

H. S. Saini et al. (eds.), Innovations in Computer Science
and Engineering, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 74,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7082-3_55
484 G. Balakrishna and M. Nageshwara Rao

by 2050. Along these lines, to bolster this much populace, the cultivating business
must grasp IoT. Against the difficulties, for example, outrageous climate conditions
and rising environmental change, and ecological effect coming about because of
serious cultivating hones, the interest for more sustenance must be met. Shrewd
cultivating in light of IoT advances will empower cultivators and agriculturists to
decrease waste and upgrade efficiency extending from the amount of manure used
to the quantity of adventures the homestead vehicles have made.
In IoT-based keen cultivating, a framework is worked for observing the product
field with the assistance of sensors [1] (light, stickiness, temperature, soil dampness,
and so on.) and mechanizing the water system framework. The agriculturists can
screen the field conditions from anyplace. IoT-based brilliant cultivating is exceed-
ingly productive when contrasted and the customary approach. The uses of IoT-based
shrewd cultivating target traditional, huge cultivating tasks, as well as be new levers
to elevate other developing or basic patterns in agrarian like natural cultivating, fam-
ily cultivating (perplexing or little spaces, specific dairy cattle as well as societies,
safeguarding of specific or top-notch assortments and so forth.), and upgrade very
straightforward farming. In terms of ecological issues, IoT-based savvy cultivating
can give awesome advantages including more proficient water use, or improvement
of sources of info and medicines. Presently, we should talk about the real utilization
of IoT-based keen cultivating that are changing horticulture. In view of the sugges-
tions by different specialists, it is the request of the examination to assemble a choice
help structure on the cloud to dissect the IoT gathered information.

1.1 Stages of Agriculture and Technologies

A farmer will determine appropriate crops for his land supported integrated soil,
water, air analysis. Sensors collect weather information, which may be analyzed and
shared with farmers. Mechanized system may be used to chop–chop and accu-
rately plant saplings in the field. Water and plant food distribution system may
be automatic by sensors-equipped system Weed removal systems connected to
sensors will mechanically spot weeds and acquire obviate the Crop care may
be designed supported prognosticative trends any supported analyzed informa-
tion from the past. Harvesting machinery may be created into a lot of economic and
automatic system supported SmartTech. Crop grading and cleansing systems may
be customized, improved and automatic. Warehousing and crop transport system’s
temperature, wetness and air internal control system.

1.2 Challenges in Smart Agriculture

For Farmers, it is difficult for them to understand technical terms and usage of tech-
nology, and also it is a cost effective affair. It is a challenge to balance both. A low
budget to hold outcomes because of the dependence on the harvest. Cost optimiza-
Study Report on Using IoT Agriculture Farm Monitoring 485

tion can be achieved by minimizing number of people involved in the hierarchy in

between farmer and government. Global temperature change is important for man-
agement weather and ambient conditions.

2 Literature Survey

Xiao [2] and Magno [3] anticipated farming checking framework utilizing remote
sensor arrange (WSN). The conditions that can be observed continuously are temper-
ature, light force, and mugginess. The test includes the equipment and programming
plan of the manufactured modules, arrange topology, and system correspondence
convention with the difficulties. The configuration clarifies how the hub can accom-
plish agrarian condition data accumulation and communication. The framework is
smaller in outline work, lightweight, great in execution, and activity. It enhances the
farming generation proficiency naturally.
Haule [4], Ofrim et al. [5] have proposed a trial that clarifies the utilization of
WSN utilized as a part of mechanizing water system. Water system control and
rescheduling in light of WSN are capable answers for ideal water administration
through programmed correspondence to know the dirt dampness states of water
system plan. The procedure utilized here is to decide the correct recurrence and time
of watering are essential to guarantee the productive utilization of water, high caliber
of harvest recognition postpone throughput, and load. Reenactment is improved the
situation horticulture by OPNET. Another plan of WSN is sent for water system
framework utilizing Zig honey bee convention, which will affect battery life. There
are a few downsides as WSN is still a work in progress arrange with temperamental
correspondence times, delicate, control utilization, and correspondence can be lost
in the horticultural field. Remote light sensors have been utilized by computerized
water system framework. WSN utilizes low power and a low information rate and
consequently vitality productive innovation. Every one of the gadgets and machines
controlled with the assistance of information sources is got by means of sensors
which are blended with soil. Agriculturists can investigate whether the framework
performs in ordinarily or a few activities are should be performed.
Dan [6], Michael [4] and Shuntian [7] proposed nursery checking agribusiness
framework in view of Zigbee innovation. The framework performs information,
taking care of, transmission and social occasion capacities. Purpose of their test is
to check whether the algorithm reduces the cultivating cost under various tropical
conditions or not. IOT innovation here depends on the B-S structure and cc2530
utilized like handling chip to work for remote sensor hub and organizer. The passage
has a Linux working framework and cortex A8 processor go about as center. By and
large, the plan acknowledges remote astute observing and control of nursery and
furthermore replaces the customary wired innovation to remote, likewise diminishes
labor cost.
Li [8] and Tam [9, 10] have proposed a framework that utilizes Zigbee innova-
tion. This examination manages equipment and the product of the system facilitator
486 G. Balakrishna and M. Nageshwara Rao

hub and the sensor hubs. The hypothetical and viable outcomes demonstrate that
the framework can effectively catch nursery ecological parameters, including tem-
perature, dampness, and carbon dioxide fixation and furthermore clears the typical
correspondence amongst hubs and the system organizer, great system steadiness. The
execution investigated values is utilized as a part of the intricate nursery ecological
observing

2.1 Water Monitoring

Ji-hua [10, 11] led an examination on the development of oat edit seedlings, and
in addition, the status and pattern of their development. This paper presented the
outline, techniques utilized, and usage of a worldwide yield development observing
framework, which fulfills the need of the worldwide harvest checking on the planet.
The framework utilizes two techniques for checking, which are constant product
development observing and edit developing procedure observing. Constant product
development checking could get the yield developing status for a certain period by
looking at the remote detected information of the period with the information of the
period in the history. The differential outcome was ordered into a few classifications
to mirror the situation at distinction level of yield developing. In this framework, both
continuous product development checking and edit developing procedure observing
are done at three scales, which are state (region) scale, nation scale, and landmass
scale. Worldwide product development checking framework was found in this plan
and assembled a framework that can screen the worldwide harvest development with
remote detecting information. The framework demonstrated the qualities of quick,
compelling, high validity, and operational in its run.
Kim [12], Balamurali [13] have proposed the outline for remote sensor arrange
for a water system control and observing that is made out of various sensor hubs
with a systems administration ability that is conveyed for an impromptu for the
motivation behind continuous checking. Data collected by sensors will be sent to the
base station. The future framework offers a smaller amount of power utilization with
high unwavering quality in view of the outcome. The utilization of high-power wire-
less sensor networks is appropriate for assignments in businesses including gigantic
region observing like assembling, mining developing, and so on. The framework
talked about here is anything but difficult to introduce and the base station can be set
at the nearby living arrangement near the region of checking where a man requires
negligible preparing toward the start of the framework establishment.

2.2 Farm Monitoring

Tirelli, Borghese [14] found that checking nuisance bug populace is right now an
issue in trim insurance. The framework here is as of now in view of a disseminated
Study Report on Using IoT Agriculture Farm Monitoring 487

imaging gadget worked by means of a remote sensor arrange that can naturally catch
and transmit pictures of caught zones to a remote host station. The station approves
the thickness of bug advancement at various homestead areas and produces an alert
when creepy crawly thickness goes over the limit. The customer hubs are spread in
the fields, which go about as checking stations. The ace hub facilitates the system
and recovers caught pictures from the customer hubs. Amid a checking time of a
month, the system working frequently predicts a nuisance creepy crawlies’ populace
bend connected to day-by-day assessment got by visual perceptions of the trap and
subsequently the practicality is resolved.
Suresh et al. [15] proposed framework will gauge the estimations of N, P, and K
from the dirt and furthermore screen the level of soil supplements substance and in
like manner apportion, the required amount of the manures through water system
framework. Every one of the information will be refreshed to the client through
email.
Suresh et al. [15] proposed a framework in which N, P, K, and PH estimations of a
soil test are estimated continuously and contrasted, and the pre-put away qualities got
from the rural division. The framework additionally gives the data about the yields
that can be developed in particular soils.
Parameswaran and Sivaprasath [16] proposed a robotized water system frame-
work in light of soil moistness. The water system status is refreshed to the server
or neighborhood have utilizing PC. This availability is conveyed by IoT. Different
restrictions like the water system and not the NPK esteems are refreshed to the client
through IoT [16].
Londhe and Galande [17] proposed a mechanized water system framework utiliz-
ing ARM processor. The framework screens and controls every one of the exercises
of water system framework. The valves are turned on or off and naturally give the
deliberate information in regards to the dirt pH and supplements like nitrogen along-
side the best possible proposals and give the correspondence interface.
Moparthi et al. [18] proposed Water Quality location framework utilizing IoT for
the most part centering to make a more perfect air contamination identification frame-
work while wipes out some downside of the customary frameworks and arrangement
are one of the basic systems for programming imperfection detection [18].
Joshi et al. [19] proposed a sensible little scale cultivating utilizing IoT. Utilizing
the proposed display, an individual can keep up his own homestead in little gardens.
A large portion of the equipment used is effortlessly obtained and taken as a toll
productive. Fusing picture preparing to stay away from weed development apparently
is solid and the outcomes appear above are predictable with this reality. The proposed
basic strategy to perceive shadow or soaked soil as foundation supposedly is powerful
and block the utilization of complex closer view extraction methods. As a major
aspect without bounds work, it can be stretched out to vast scale cultivating (Table 1).
488 G. Balakrishna and M. Nageshwara Rao

Table 1 Comparative table

Done K. A. Patil Chiyurl Yoon S Rajeswari Vaishali S Ruby Roslin
by/Parameters
Knowledge Data Collection and Data Data Sensor-
based collection transmission collection, collection based
from sensors without any storing on motor on/off automated
losses cloud, data based on irrigation
analytics is values
performed
Approach Remote Nodes––LPWAN, Cloud-based Remote Remote
monitoring LPBluetooth, data irrigation irrigation
system RS485 analytics using sensor using sensor
communication values values
to the server
through MQ
telemetry
transport
Objectives Collect real Minimum Loss Increase Control the Prevention
time data by sending 10 crop water supply of crops
from sensors identical data in production and monitor from
wireless and control the plants spoilage
transmission agricultural through a during rains
cost using smartphone and
analyzed recycling
data rainwater
Advantages Decision Wired and Temperature Water PIR sensor
support, wireless and rainfall management is used to
alerts solar transmissions, factors are detect
power any number of predicted, motions,
devices can be Crop rainwater is
added easily patterns recycled
Protocol Zigbee LPWAN, Zigbee, Raspberry Pi Arduino,
LPBluetooth, prediction GSM
RS485 using Naïve
Bayesian
classifica-
tion, map
reduce
Future Pest Wireless Interfacing Outdoor Detect plant
detection transmission in different soil utilization disease, crop
kms nutrient system theft
sensors and
collect the
data
People Not required Not required Minimal Not required Not required
requirement
Done T K Rana Prathiba Sri Shreyas B Nikesh Gireesh
by/Parameters Gond- Babu
chawar
(continued)
Study Report on Using IoT Agriculture Farm Monitoring 489

Table 1 (continued)
Done K. A. Patil Chiyurl Yoon S Rajeswari Vaishali S Ruby Roslin
by/Parameters
Knowledge Remote Data collection Data GPS based Sensor
based control and capturing collection mobile modules,
vehicle for images through robot, mobile app
monitoring sensors and decision module,
transmission making, farm cloud,
to web app warehouse govt. and
management agro module
Approach Monitoring, Monitoring Remote Remote Mobile
data environmental monitoring controlled computing,
collection factors using system robot big data
and sensors analytics
irrigation
based on
values
Objectives Automation Wireless Monitoring Automated Give farmer
of monitoring of and irrigation, required
monitoring, field controlling decision- fertilizers
watering, in real time making based on
data warehouse soil sample
collection management
Advantages Solar power Human effort is FLASK Auto Provides
for sensors reduced eliminates monitoring, details about
the warehouse the latest
requirement management agricultural
of databases schemes and
products
Protocol AVR micro CC3200 Raspberry AVR micro Farm cloud
controller, Pi, controller,
Zigbee FLASK Zigbee
Future GPS based Irrigation Precision Improve Using
vehicle method, solar storage, crop yield different
power capturing based on sensors and
live images analysis data
analytics for
accurate
results
People Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required
490 G. Balakrishna and M. Nageshwara Rao

3 Conclusions

IoT empowers the farmer to trim check the man power for cost optimization and to
improve the productivity which leads to profit maximization. WSN and sensors of var-
ious sorts are utilized to accumulate the data of yield conditions and normal changes
and these data are transmitted through the framework to the rancher/contraptions
that starts remedial exercises. Ranchers are related and mindful of the states of the
provincial field at whatever point and anyplace on the planet. A couple of preventions
in correspondence must be overpowered by pushing the advancement to expend less
essentialness and moreover by affecting UI to accommodation.

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