SOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES Pagadian City TABLE OF CONTENTS EXPT. NO. TITLE RATING 01 The Common Laboratory Apparatus and Equipment in Chemistry 02 Glass Manipulation a: 03 Common Laboratory Operation 04 | Density of Liquids and Solids 05 Physical and Chemical Changes 06 Relative Activities of Some Metals 07 | Conservation of Mass 08 Law of Definite Composition 09 | Acids 10__| Bases u Observing Chemical Reactions 12 | Preparation of Oxygen 2B Types of Chemical Reactions 14___| Water 15 SolutionsSOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES Pagadian City Name; Hazel Mae M. Cafiales Date Performed: Course & Year: _ Group No. Rati ~ EXPERIMENT NO. I THE COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT IN CHEMISTRY. OBJECT: To acquaint the student in Chemistry the different common laboratory apparatus and equipment needed in the course. Materials/References: a. CENTRALS SCIENTIFIC: Laboratory Supplies, Central Scientific Co. Inc 2600 S. Kostner Ave., Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A b. Aloe LABORATORY: Apparatus, Equipment, Reagent, Aloe Scientific Division of A.S. Aloe Company, U.S.A ¢. VWR SCIENTIFIC CATALOG 80: Laboratory apparatus, Chemicals and Supplies. VWR SCIENTIFIC INC. U.S.A THE VARIOUS APPARATUS, equipment stored in the store room. PROCEDURE: With the three Catalog listed above, locate, then study the uses of this partial list of apparatus/equipment. Sketch those were ones indicated by the instructor. Give the uses of each of these equipment. OBSERVATION: The uses of the following apparatus/equipment are: 1. Alcohol 5. Supporting ring 9. Tong, crucible 2, Bunsen burner 6. Test tube holder 10. Tripod 3. Iron stand 7. Test tube rack 4, Round jaw burette clamp 8. Test tube (thistle tube) 1 Beaker 7. Evaporating disk 13, Petri dish 2.Bell jar, knob top 8. Flask, Erlenmeyer 14, Separatory Funnel 3.Burette 9. Funnels 15, Thumbler (drinking glass) 4,Capillary tubes 10. Funnel tube (thistle tube) 16; Stiring rod 5.Distillation apparatus 11. Glass tubings (various diameter) 17. Vials 6 Distillating tube 12. Graduated cylinder 18. Watch glasses 1, Analytical balance 6. Reagent bottles 11. Spatula 2. Beam balance 7. Spring balance 12. Trough, pneumatic 3. Dropper 8. Corks 13. Asbestos 4, Hard scale (balance) 9. Cork borer 14. Crucible & cover 5. Pippet 10, Mortar & pestle 15, Triangular file Can you perform the different experiments without the factory made apparatus and equipment? Illustrate. What do you mean ‘by improvisation of apparatus? Can you tell the advantages of these apparatus? Your teacher will assign each one to make them as your projects,SOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES Pagadiani City Name: Date Performed: Course & Year: Group No. Rating: EXPERIMENT NO, 2 GLASS MANIPULATION OBJECT: — To lear how to cut, bend and draw out glass tubes; to leam the fundamental of glass blowing. To leam how to bore corks and push glass tubes through corks. APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: DISCUSSION: Glass is usually supplied in straight forms, which frequently must be modified before using. Glass becomes plastic when hot, and the essential secret of successful glass work is to get the glass sufficiently hot. Most student trouble in glass working stems from the failure to get the glass hot enough. Keep these in mind going through this operation. PROCEDURE: 1. Cutting the glass tubing and glass rods. Place the glass tubing about 20 em long, flat on the table and at the desired point make a single deep scratch with a sharp triangular file. Place the thumbs directly below the mark, cover the glass with a rag and break the rod by applying a gentle pressure to a single gentle pressure rotating at the tip of the Bunsen burner flame. This is to prevent the sharp edges of the glass from cutting the corks or rubber tubing. 2. Bending Glass Tubing. To bend glass tubing properly, it must be heated uniformly over a distance of about 3 to 5 cm. Take a piece of glass tubing about 30 om long and hold it lengthwise in the flame. Gently rotate it so that all side may be equally heated, when it becomes sufficiently soft (the heated tubing becomes pink in color and to sag gently), take it out of the flame and make the desired complete bend in single motion without too much delay. Try to: get a good of the angle wanted before you begin to work so that you may work rapidly and secured the desired bend at once. Reheating and rebending procedure slightly and often frail apparatus, Note: In all operations requiring the applications of strong heat to glass, the heat must be applied gently at first. Highly heated glass must be cooled slowly; otherwise, it becomes brittle and easily broken, 3, Drawing out Glass Tubes Capillary tubes or glass tubing with a small bore is made by heating the tube in the flame. The tube must. be constantly rotated to prevent the soften portion from sagging. Quickly removed it from the flame, wait for a split second and pull the ends apart until the bore is of desired size. A nozzle may be made in this manner. The tubing is cut in the proper place and then fired- polished.4, Glass Blowing Heat the end of the glass tube until it is sealed, continue heating and rotating the tube until the tip sag, remove from the flame and blow immediately through the open end. 5. Boring Corks and Rubber Stoppers Select a cork of such size that the smaller and will just enter your hard glass tube. Soften it in a cork press, or by rolling it between the table top and the palm of the hand, select a sharp cork borer one size smaller than the tube to be inserted. Place the cork on the desk and cut the half through it with the borer under the pressure, then reverse the cork and bore through from the end. Smooth the walls of the hole in the cork with a round file. If the hole bored is too small, enlarged it by carefully filling it with a round file, only small adjustments should be made in this way. Rubber stoppers can be bored in same manner as described above. Use grease or oil to lubricate the borer. 6. Pushing Glass Tubes through Corks or Rubber Stoppers. This operation is the commonest cause of accident in the laboratory. Wet the cork and glass tube, or smear the tube with very little Vaseline. Group the glass tubing close to the end which is to be inserted into the cork. Carefully work it through with the screw like motion, if you grasp the glass tube at the considerable distance from the cork it is opt to soap when inserted, and jogged end of the glass may be thrust through your hand.SOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES Pagadian City Name: Date Performed: Course & Year: __ Group No. Rating: EXPERIMENT NO. 3 COMMON LABORATORY OPERATIONS OBJECT: — To learn common laboratory techniques and operations APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: PROCEDURE: 1, MEASUREMENT OF LIQUIDS. For ordinary purposes, the graduated cylinder is used for measuring volumes of liquids. For more accurate measurements, burettes, pipets and volumetric flasks are used. With your graduated cylinder, measure the volume of water which your beaker and flask can hold. In reading the volume, keep the eye on level with the lower meniscus of the liquid. 2. POURING LIQUIDS. Tn pouring liquids from one vessel to another, care must be taken to prevent the liquid from running down the side of the vessel from which it is being poured. Fill a beaker with water. Hold a glass rod or a piece of glass tubing against the lip of the beaker and pour the water slowly into an empty beaker. 3. HEATING LIQUIDS IN TEST TUBES Partly fill the test tube with water and grasp it with a test tube holder. Bring the water to a boil by holding the tube at an angle of 45° and by passing it back and forth over the tip of flame. The heat should be applied to the upper portion of the liquid but should not strike the tube above the level of the liquid, but if the flame place upon the flask above the liquid, the glass become so hot that it cracks when the liquid touches it, On the other hand, if heat is supplied only to the lowest part of the test tube, suddenly it cracks at the bottom of the tube.in heating liquids, never point the test tube towards anyone. 4, PRECIPITATION Place 3 ml of a solution of sodium chloride in a test tube and slowly add to this 2 ml of silver nitrate solution. Describe the result. The solid is formed known as a precipitate and in this case, it is insoluble silver chloride, Allow the precipitate silver to settle and then add a few more drops of the silver nitrate solution, if more silver chloride seen to form, it is an indication that the initial precipitation was not completed. Repeat this operation until no more precipitate is formed. This indicates that complete precipitation has occurred. Keep the mixture for part 5. 5. FILTRATION