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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 2 - Module 8
Discovering the Power of Reason
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Practical Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 8 – Discovering The Power of Reason

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Argin S. Mabilin

Editor: Renerio Balingbing

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Layout Artist: Atty. Catherine B. Panti

Reviewers: Lany M. Abainza

MASBATE CITY DIVISION (headed by Jeanette M. Romblon)
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MODULE 8
Discovering the Power of Reason
(Draws Conclusions from Patterns and Themes)

Hi, there! It’s me again, Teacher Jill.

Welcome back to the Practical Research 1 class.

The world of research can be quite daunting. However, as we go

further in our journey, we realize how great of an opportunity it is
to be immersed with such endeavor. In this lesson, you will
connect all the dots together and form a meaningful answer to
your research problem.
Come on! Let us get started.

Objective: Specifically, after working on this module, you should be able to draw
conclusions from patterns and themes.

YOUR READINESS CHECK

Before we start, let’s see how well you know the topic. Do this on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What are the elements of a good conclusion in a research paper? Cite at least
three (3) elements that you know.

2. Study the examples of conclusion below. Which do you think is a better

conclusion?

A. "Clean water is imperative to maintaining ecological balance and protecting the

public's health. The increase in water pollution since 2010 has contributed to the
decrease in aquatic wildlife as well as the increase in unsafe drinking water. With the
growth of sugar farming, more and more pollutants are entering our freshwater
supplies. This increase in pollution has contributed to massive decreases in marine
life, fish die-off, increased respiratory illness in neighborhood populations and has
contributed to the shortage of clean drinking water.

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Ecologists and marine biologists are continuing to measure the water quality, and
researchers are continuing to find ways to combat the pollution run-off from
commercial farms. In the future, the EPA hopes this research will lead to a decrease
in the pollutant concentration in our freshwater systems. If we cannot combat the ill
effects that commercial farming has on our clean water, our freshwater ecosystems
and drinking water supplies will surely diminish. More research and innovation are
needed to maintain our clean water while still supporting the agricultural needs of our
economy."

B.
"Pollution can kill fish and people. Drinking water becomes unsanitary and unsafe with
pollution. If we do not fix the state of our freshwater systems, our health can suffer.
Researchers are still trying to help, but they have not resolved the issue of the water
pollution. As citizens, it is our responsibility to help keep our waters clean and avoid
polluting rivers, lakes and oceans."

3. Cite at least three (3) reasons why you think it is the better conclusion.

1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________

How well did you do in your readiness check?

Well done if you were able to give three reasons! But, don’t worry
if you only provided one reason from the task because there are
a lot of activities in store for you.

YOUR VOCABULARY BUILDER

In your previous lessons you have already encountered the following terms.

patterns and themes in

summary synthesis
qualitative research

Directions: Based from what you have learned in the previous modules, write a two-
three sentence description of each term. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

1. summary
2. synthesis
3. patterns and themes in qualitative research

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Congratulations, learner!
You did well in preparing yourself with the needed skills to further
understand this lesson. With this, enjoyable tasks await you in your journey.
Good luck!

YOUR INITIAL TASK

TASK: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS V. MAKING INFERENCES

Let us understand the difference between inference and conclusion by answering the
following questions. Write the letter of your answer. Do this on a separate sheet of
paper.

Ram took a deep breath and dried his sweaty palms on his jeans. He looked down the
ramp and shivered. It was a steep drop. But he had to go through with it. Everyone
was staring straight at him. He put his skateboard down and got ready. He could do it!

1. What evidence helps you to infer that Ram was nervous?

A. He put his skateboard down and got ready.
B. His palms were sweaty.
C. He looked down the ramp.
D. He could do it.

2. Based on the evidence, it can be concluded that Ram will do what?

A. He is probably not going down.
B. He is probably going to get on his skateboard and go down the ramp.
C. He is probably going to look at his friends and ask them what to do.
D. He is probably going to fix his skateboard.

Hmmm…. We’re slowly getting there!

You must have done well in your initial task.
Reading more about the lesson is all you need.
Let’s START!

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YOUR GUIDE

Let us not get confused with the concepts of drawing conclusions and making
inferences. Although our focus in this module is drawing conclusions, but it is
necessary that we determine their differences. By doing so, we will have a bigger
picture on what must constitute in this lesson.

Making an inference is the process of figuring out missing information from

information that is included.

Conclusions are the judgments or decisions reached based on information learned.

It requires reasoning or deep thinking and observation skills.

In its entirety, these terms vary in terms of their depth in processing information.

Writing a conclusion for your research paper can be difficult. It is more than just making
inferences. Note that, concluding paragraphs should be clear and sum up what you
have presented in your research without sounding redundant. On the other hand,
writing a summary is just a part of drawing conclusions, the latter does not entail mere
summary. An effective concluding paragraph can also add impact to what you have
presented in your paper.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO WRITE A CONCLUSION FOR YOUR RESEARCH

PAPER?

• It reminds your readers of the strength and impact of your argument.

• It helps to refocus the reader’s attention to the most important points and
supporting evidence of your arguments or position that you presented in
you research.
• It can serve as a basis for continuing research, creating new ideas to
resolve an issue you highlighted in your paper or offering new
approached to a topic.

STEPS IN WRITING A CONCLUSION FOR YOUR REASEARCH PAPER

➢ Restate your research topic.

➢ Restate the thesis.
➢ Summarize the main points.
➢ State the significance or results.
➢ Finalize your thoughts.

1. Restate Your Research Topic

➢ Your first step when writing your conclusion should be to restate your
research topic. Typically, one sentence is enough to restate your topic
clearly and you will want to explain why your topic is significant. This

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part should be clear and concise and state only the most important
information. Here is an example:

“The increase in water pollution since 2010 has contributed to the

decrease in aquatic wildlife as well as the increase in unsafe drinking
water.”
2. Restate the Thesis

➢ You can do this by revising your original thesis that you presented in
the introduction of your paper. The thesis statement in your conclusion
should be worded differently than what you wrote in your introduction.
This element can also be effectively written in one sentence. Here is an
example:

“Clean water is imperative to maintaining ecological balance and protecting

the public’s health.”

3. Summarize the Main Points of Your Research

➢ It’s helpful to read through your paper the second time to pick out only
the most relevant facts and arguments. You should not need to include
any more information than the main arguments or facts that you
presented in your paper. The purpose of summarizing the key points is
to remind the readers of the importance of the research topic. Here is
an example to help you illustrate how to do this:

“With the increase in sugar farming, more and more pollutants are entering
our freshwater supplies. The increase in pollution has contributed to massive
decreases in marine life, fish die-off, increased respiratory illness in
neighborhood populations and has contributed to the shortage of clean
drinking water.”

4. Connect the Significance or Results of the Main Points

➢ After discussing the main points of your argument, you can present the
significance of these points. For instance, after stating the main points
you made in your argument, you might discuss how the impacts of your
topic affect a specific outcome. Likewise, you might present the results
of studies or other findings that can help add emphasis to how you
present the results of studies or other findings that can help add
emphasis to how you present the significance of your information. here
is an example. Here is an example:

“Ecologists and marine biologists are continuing to measure the water quality,
and researchers are continuing to finds ways to combat the pollution run-off
from commercial farms. In the future, EPA hopes this research will lead to a
decrease in the pollutant concentration in our freshwater systems.”

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5. Finalize Your Thoughts

➢ As you finish up your conclusion, you might create a call to action or

pose an idea that gets your readers thinking further about your
argument. You might also use this sentence to address any questions
that were left unanswered in the body paragraphs of your paper. Here is
an example.

“If we cannot combat the ill effects that commercial farming has on our clean
water, our freshwater ecosystems and drinking water supplies will surely
diminish. More research and innovation are needed to maintain our clean water
while still supporting the agricultural needs of our economy.”
TIPS FOR WRITING YOUR CONCLUSION

Here are some helpful tips to keep in mind when you write your research paper
conclusion:

✓ Keep your thesis, main points, and summarizing facts clear and concise.
✓ Avoid beginning your conclusion with statements like “in conclusion” or “in
summary,” as these basis statements can come across as redundant.
✓ If you get overwhelmed, try sticking to a basic summarizing format to your
conclusion.
✓ Synthesize your information by providing questions and answers, results,
suggestions or a resolution to your arguments.
✓ Include only the most relevant points and arguments you presented in your
paper.
✓ Avoid repeating information that you have already discussed.

Now that you know the guidelines on writing a logical

conclusion of a research paper, let us have some tasks!

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YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS

TASK: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: These conclusion sentences are in the incorrect order. Arrange them in the
correct order.

1. All students deserve to be successful in their studies and responsible universities

must respond to student needs so that they graduate well-educated students of the
highest standard, now and in the future. University students who have experienced
difficulty with their academic writing skills will require assistance to reach their
academic potential. The main causes of student difficulty appear to be that secondary
school assessment has a different focus from university expectations and that
universities are increasingly attracting mature age students who may require an up-
date on their skills. In response, universities invest considerable capital into well-run
programs that effectively assist students to overcome their writing problems.

2. A majority of marketing instruments that are available today allow a company to

effectively gather the required intel about the target consumer. Finally, a properly
created marketing message will leave an imprint in a mind of a consumer, which will
further increase the effectiveness of the marketing instruments because the consumer
will automatically associate a product with a company name and image. Such scientific
approach to the identification of the potential consumers allows a company to create
a specific message that will address the needs of the target audience, thus increasing
the possibility that the consumers will note it.

You did great in accomplishing your task!

Now let’s see how much you have learned.

LET’S SUM IT UP

Answer the following questions. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

➢ What is conclusion?
➢ How does conclusion differ from inference?
➢ What are the elements that make up a good conclusion?

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YOUR FINAL TASK

Direction: Read and analyze the introduction of an article below. Follow the steps in writing a
good conclusion. Do this on a separate sheet of paper.

TB is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and it most often affects the

lungs. TB is spread through the air when people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit.
A person needs to inhale only a few germs to become infected.

Every year, 10 million people fall ill with tuberculosis (TB). Despite being a preventable
and curable disease, 1.5 million people die from TB each year – making it the world’s
top infectious killer.

TB is the leading cause of death of people with HIV and also a major contributor to
antimicrobial resistance.

Most of the people who fall ill with TB live in low- and middle-income countries, but TB
is present all over the world. About half of all people with TB can be found in 8
countries: Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines and
South Africa.

About one-quarter of the world’s population is estimated to be infected by TB bacteria.

Only 5-15% of these people will fall ill with active TB disease. The rest have TB
infection but are not ill and cannot transmit the disease. Both TB infection and disease
are curable using antibiotics.

Source: World Health Organization

YOUR REFLECTION/S

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Congratulations!
__________________________________________________________________________________
You have once again conquered another set of challenges.
See you again in the next module.

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References:

Lightbulb Idea Enlightenment. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/12/22/23/32/light-bulb-1926533_960_720.png

Notepad Memo Pencil. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from

https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/06/07/09/53/notepad-117597_960_720.png

Martyn Shuttleworth (Sep 18, 2009). Writing a Conclusion. Retrieved Sep 30, 2020 from
Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/writing-a-conclusion

Exploring the differences between making inferences and drawing conclusions. Retrieved
September 30, 2020 from https://comprehensionconnection.net/2019/03/exploring-
differences-between-making.html

Steven Arndt (July 7, 2017). A Brand New Kind of a Custom Writing Service. Retrieved
September 30, 2020 from https://blog.thepensters.com/research-article-example/

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ANSWER KEY

Your Readiness Check

1. answers may vary
2. A
3. answers may vary

Your Vocabulary Builder

Possible Answers:
1. conclusion – a judgment or decision reached by reasoning (Oxford Dictionary)
2. synthesis – to combine a number of different pieces into a whole (Cosette Taylor)
3. patterns and themes in qualitative research – the final products of data analysis in the Thematic
Analysis approach (Braun and Clarke, 2006)

Your Initial Task

Task: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS V. MAKING INFERENCES
1. B & C
2. B

Your Discovery Task

TASK. Let’s Practice
1. University students who have experienced difficulty with their academic writing skills will require
assistance to reach their academic potential. The main causes of student difficulty appear to be that
secondary school assessment has a different focus from university expectations and that universities
are increasingly attracting mature age students who may require an up-date on their skills. In response,
universities invest considerable capital into well-run programs that effectively assist students to
overcome their writing problems. All students deserve to be successful in their studies and responsible
universities must respond to student needs so that they graduate well-educated students of the highest
standard, now and in the future.
2. A majority of marketing instruments that are available today allow a company to effectively gather
the required intel about the target consumer. Such scientific approach to the identification of the
potential consumers allows a company to create a specific message that will address the needs of the
target audience, thus increasing the possibility that the consumers will note it. Finally, a properly
created marketing message will leave an imprint in a mind of a consumer, which will further increase
the effectiveness of the marketing instruments because the consumer will automatically associate a
product with a company name and image.
Let’s Sum it up
Answers may vary.

Your Final Task

Answers may vary.

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