Identifying Barriers To Effective Learning: (From Durham Package Unit 2, Lesson 6)
Identifying Barriers To Effective Learning: (From Durham Package Unit 2, Lesson 6)
Barriers to Effective Learning
(from Durham package Unit 2, Lesson 6)
Contents
Identifying Barriers to Effective Learning
Objectives
Emotional Barriers to Learning
Fear
Fear of Criticism and Judgement
Fear of Failure
Fear of Rejection
Shame
Emotional Sensitivity
Adjusting to Change
Motivational Barriers to Learning
Lack of a Goal
Procrastination
Learning Environment
Learning Disabilities
Objectives
● Study emotional barriers to learning
● Study motivational barriers to learning
● Study Learning disabilities
To become a good learner, every student must recognize their own strengths and
weaknesses in how they learn. We have already identified individual learning strengths and
successful study tips using the Learning Styles Assessment. Now we can begin to look at our
potential weaknesses by identifying barriers to effective learning. There are a variety of
different things that can prevent each of us from being the best learners we can possibly be.
These barriers can be divided into three general groups:
● Emotional Barriers
● Motivational Barriers
● Learning Disabilities
Every student faces their own unique challenges when it comes to learning, and identifying
those barriers is the first step to overcoming them and becoming a better learner. A
description of each of the three categories of learning barriers is given below.
Emotional Barriers to Learning
One of the primary problems students, especially in high school, have to deal with is their
emotions. The four major emotional barriers for high school students are:
● Fear
● Shame
● Emotional Sensitivity
● Adjusting to Change
Each of these emotional barriers affects every student in a different way. Many students
encounter more than one of these barriers. Understanding and knowing where emotional
barriers come from, is the first step to getting over them and continuing your
growth.
Fear
“To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom” Bertrand Russell
“Fear is what prevents the flowering of the mind.” Jiddu Krishnamurti
A major emotional barrier to learning is fear. Some people express their fears as anxiety or
anger. Others suffer from lowered confidence, withdrawal or selfisolation. Understanding the
reasons behind a fear of learning is important in confronting it. For most people, their fear
arises for one or more of the following reasons;
● A fear of what people say, fear of criticism and judgement
● A fear of not succeeding, fear of failure∙
● A fear of rejection
It is important to know the causes and results of each of these emotional barriers. Read the
descriptions of the causes and consequences of the various fears that follow.
Fear of Criticism and Judgement
“Judgements prevent us from seeing the good that lies beyond appearances. ” Wayne Dyer
Students are often afraid of the criticism they will receive from their teachers, classmates or
parents if they do not do a good job or get high marks in school. For some students, this fear
is so great that they would rather not try to succeed than risk having to take this criticism. For
many such students, the criticism they receive from other people is seen as being a personal
attack, and they internalize these criticisms to mean that they themselves must be dumb or
lazy.
Fear of Failure
“Failure is success if we learn from it” Malcolm S. Forbes
Some students, rather than being afraid of the criticism that comes with not succeeding, are
afraid of the failure itself. Sometimes, if a student has experienced failure in school repeatedly
in the past, they get “stuck”, because of the idea that they will always fail. They reason that
because they have failed in some of their efforts in school, they themselves are failures, and
do not bother trying. Sometimes, this fear of failure can grow to include not trying in sports,
social activities and other parts of life.
Fear of Rejection
“Human beings, like plants, grow in the soil of acceptance, not in the atmosphere of rejection ”
John Powell
Besides the fear of criticism or the fear of failure, many students are much more afraid of
rejection by their peers. Some students feel that if they do well, they will not be as “cool”, and
people will not like them as much as if they failed. They are terrified of being called a “brainer”
or a “nerd”. It is important that students feel pride when they are rewarded with high grades
for their work, rather than worrying what their friends will say.
“I must not fear. Fear is the mindkiller. Fear is the littledeath that brings total obliteration. I
will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past I
will turn the inner eye to see its path. Where the fear has gone there will be nothing. Only I will
remain. " Frank Herbert, Litany Against Fear
Shame
Shame, like fear, is another emotional barrier that prevents learning. Many students who feel
they are not doing well in school feel a sense of shame. They are afraid of what people will
think when they see their work. These students feel they will never be as good as the
brightest students, and so do not even try to succeed. Shame is perhaps the most
selfdestructive barrier to a student’s learning.
Emotional Sensitivity
Teenagers, just like adults, have a variety of personalities, strengths and weaknesses. Some
people have strength in organizing and calculating, and others’ strength lies in their emotions.
Students in high school can be especially emotionally sensitive.
Although emotional sensitivity helps a person understand their own and other people’s
feelings, it can also at times overwhelm a person. People that are very passionate in this way
can sometimes lose control of their emotions. They may sometimes be more easily brought to
tears than others when exposed to their own or other people’s pain. This passion can also
turn to aggression, however, even when the person did not mean to become upset or angry.
Often emotional overreactions can occur in school and have a negative impact on the
person’s ability to learn.
Adjusting to Change
"Change is hard because people overestimate the value of what they have—and
underestimate the value of what they may gain by giving that up."
Change is scary for everyone, but for teenagers, change may be particularly difficult. Some
students prefer procedures to stay the same and have a hard time moving from one activity to
another.
Many students have trouble moving from one task to another without completely finishing the
first task before moving on to the next one. These students are sometimes described as
inflexible when it comes to considering another person's viewpoint or a different way of doing
something.
In general, teenagers are less prepared for the unexpected than adults, since they have to at
the same time cope with new emotions, responsibilities and school settings. The unexpected
may bring new learning hurdles, new demands or new social challenges.
Motivational Barriers to Learning
“People who are unable to motivate themselves must be content with mediocrity, no matter
how impressive their other talents. ” Andrew Carnegie
Motivation is the drive inside an individual to channel their energy towards a goal. Many
people, especially teenagers experiencing their first adult freedoms and overcoming
emotional and social challenges, find it difficult to do this. When it comes to school, real
difficulties can arise if homework does not get done on time or tests are not studied for.
Getting motivated is hard work, and presents many challenges for a high school student.
There are three major motivational barriers typically encountered by teenagers. Each of the
three is discussed in further detail below.
The three major motivational barriers to learning most often encountered by teens
include:
● Lack of a goal
● Procrastination
● Improperly arranged learning environment
Lack of a Goal
“Without goals, and plans to reach them, you are like a ship that has set sail with no
destination.” Fitzhugh Dodson
In order to achieve a goal, you have to first know what that goal is. It is important to have a
clear idea of what it is you want. In high school, your ultimate goal should be to get your
diploma and graduate. This goal, however, is difficult to keep in your mind on a daytoday
basis.
Set out shortterm and mediumterm goals to help you stay motivated. For example, some of
your focus can be placed on doing well on the math quiz tomorrow in the shortterm and an
English essay next week in the mediumterm. Having clearcut objectives for the near future
will allow you to track your progress through school and feel like you are getting somewhere.
Procrastination
"Procrastination is the grave in which opportunity is buried.
" Author Unknown
Like most students, you have no doubt put off doing homework or studying for a test, only to
find that when you try to do it later, you do not have enough time. In school, just as in the
workforce, or at home with chores, saying “I didn’t have enough time” is rarely accepted as a
good excuse for not doing your work.
It is important to set time aside in the day which is reserved for schoolwork. Many students
find it helpful to make a chart or write down on a calendar due dates for their assignments.
For big assignments or tests, mark down on your calendar how much work or studying you
plan to have done by a particular day, and stick to it!
Learning Environment
A key to achieving success in school is having the right atmosphere at home in which you can
study and do homework. Set aside a quiet place where you can be alone without any
distraction. Avoid studying in a room with a TV or a computer, unless you are using the
computer for schoolwork.
It is also important to have a plan on what you are going to study, when, and for how long. Try
to set up a routine in which you study in the same place at the same time every day. Let your
friends know not to call you or to come over at that time. It is far better to learn for half an hour
each day than trying to cram for many hours on Sunday night!
Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are one of the barriers to learning that some students encounter. Having
a learning disability does not mean that someone is dumb or lazy, it simply means that they
have to put more effort into studying and behaving at school than others. All that this means is
that they process information in a different way than other kids.
Students with learning disabilities are presented with a set of challenges including any of the
following:
● difficulty doing school work at their grade level
● difficulty getting along with teachers and other students
● behaviour problems
● depression
● becoming sick due to personal or school problems
Students with learning disabilities are more likely to have poor marks, get into trouble because
of their behaviour and have trouble containing their emotions. These students can benefit
from afterclass or oneonone help that recognizes their learning needs. The school can
accommodate them and access additional help. How does one find out about having learning
disabilities?
Students with LD may answer "yes" to most of the following questions:
● Do you struggle in school?
● Do you think you should be doing better than you are in school?
● Is reading harder for you than it should be?
● Does your head think one thing but your hand writes something else?
● Is writing slow and tedious for you?
● Do you make spelling and grammatical errors when you write?
● Are you having difficulty with math?
● Is it hard for you to keep your notebooks and papers organized?
● Do you end up losing or forgetting them?
Remember, schools have expertise and resources to accommodate students with learning
disabilities. Ask for help, talk to your teachers, guidance counsellor or your parents. Learning
disabilities do not disqualify anybody from academic or life success anymore.
Many famous people, including Tom Cruise, Whoopi Goldberg, Greg Louganis, General
George Patton, Walt Disney, Winston Churchill, and Alexander Graham Bell have all been
successful despite the fact that they had or have learning disabilities.
Dyscalculia : A learning disability in which the person has trouble understanding math
Dyslexia : A learning disability in which someone has trouble understanding thewritten word.
Dyslexia is sometimes called the "invisible disability" because no one knows you have it
unless someone asks you to read or write.
Dysgraphia : A learning disability in which the student has trouble with forming letters when
writing.