100% found this document useful (2 votes)
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Action Research

This document discusses a research project conducted to identify ways to increase student attendance at schools. It outlines the background and importance of the issue, as low attendance is negatively impacting educational quality and outcomes. The study used a sample survey method to identify key reasons for absenteeism from different stakeholders' perspectives. Some of the main reasons identified included financial issues, social factors, family responsibilities, poor infrastructure, outdated teaching methods, and lack of encouragement. The research then tested a two-phase approach involving classroom discussions with students and teacher meetings to develop strategies like incentives for high attendance and contacting families when students were absent. Observations showed some improvement in attendance and behavior after implementing these measures.

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Rajan Neupane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (2 votes)
972 views

Action Research

This document discusses a research project conducted to identify ways to increase student attendance at schools. It outlines the background and importance of the issue, as low attendance is negatively impacting educational quality and outcomes. The study used a sample survey method to identify key reasons for absenteeism from different stakeholders' perspectives. Some of the main reasons identified included financial issues, social factors, family responsibilities, poor infrastructure, outdated teaching methods, and lack of encouragement. The research then tested a two-phase approach involving classroom discussions with students and teacher meetings to develop strategies like incentives for high attendance and contacting families when students were absent. Observations showed some improvement in attendance and behavior after implementing these measures.

Uploaded by

Rajan Neupane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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kn] ljBfnodf s;/L pkl:yt u/fpg ;lsPnf <

sfo{d'ns cg';Gwfg

tof/ ug]{ M
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sfo{d'ns cg';Gwfg

cg';Gwfgsf] lzif{s M ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgoldt ?kn] ljBfnodf s;/L pkl:yt u/fpg ;lsPnf <

!= k[i7e"ld M
vf;u/L ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?sf] v:sbf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ tyf l;sfO{ pknlAwsf af/]df ljleGg
5nkmn, ax;, cGt/lqmof / uf]i7Lx? x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df ;/sf/n] u/]sf] nufgL
cg';f/ k|ltkmn k|fKt gePsf], lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ tyf pknlAw lg/Gt/ x|f; cfPsf], /fHon] lzIffdf
u/]sf] nufgL afn'jfdf kfgL xfn]h:tf] ePsf] eGb} lzIffljb\ tyf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6
l6sfl6Kk0fL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;f] x'g'df lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{, ;/sf/, lzIff gLlt jf u/LjL bf]ifL
sf] xf] x/]sn] cf–cfkm\gf] 6fpsfsf] w'nf] emf/L rf]lvg] k|of; ub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] v:sbf]
z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] sf/0f vf]Hb} hfFbf ;d:ofsf] rfª g} nfUg ;S5 . To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu
ljBfnosf] ef}lts k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, tflnd, lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts, 5fqj[lQ, egf{ cleofg, k|rf/ k|;f/
cflb ePsf 5g\ . ljBfno lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo / pknlAwd"ns agfpg cg]sf}+ k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
sltko k|of;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 eg] sltko k|of;x? b:tfa]hdf dfq l;ldt x'g k'u]sf 5g\
. ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;d'bfon] ;d]t ;d'lrt Wofg lbg g;s]sf] Ps hl6n ;d:of sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{sf]
pkl:ylt Go"g x'g' klg xf] eGg] d]/f] 7x/ 5 .

@= cWoogsf] ;Gbe{ M
jif{e/Ldf ljBfno slDtdf @@) lbg v'Ng'k5{ . ljBfnodf !(@ lbg k9fO{ x'g'k5{ . jif{e/Lsf]
lzIfs Go"gtd pkl:ylt /lhi6/df k'u] klg ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt x]bf{ !%) lbg k'¥ofpg s7Lg x'G5 .
ljz]if u/L u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfnox? v'Nbf klg ljBfyL{ pkl:ylt cToGt Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 . x/]s
ljBfyL{sf] s'n pkl:ylt &) k|ltzt x'g} kg]{ eP klg Jojxf/df k|of]u ePsf] kfOFb}g . sltko ljBfyL{
egf{ x'g] / hfFr dfq lbP/ klg sIff pQL0f{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljBfyL{ / ljBfnosf] z}lIfs / ef}lts
Joj:yfksLo ;'wf/sf] nflu lqmofzLn ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ;|f]ts]Gb|, lzIfs , cleefjs /
lzIff sfof{nosf] ;d]t o; hl6n ;d:ofsf] af/]df vf;} Wofg k'u]sf] kfOFb}g . sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{sf]
Go"g pkl:yltsf] sf/0fn] x/]s ljifodf ljBfyL{sf] Go'g pknlAw x'g] ;d:of t Psflt/ 5Fb}5 eg] csf]{
lt/ o;n] ljBfnosf cGo ultljlwx?df ;d]t k|ToIf jf k/f]If k|efj kl//x]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ d}n]
sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{sf] Go'g pkl:ylt / o;n] kfl//x]sf] gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ x]t'n] of]
sfo{d'ns cg';Gwfg u/]F .

#= cWoogsf] p4]Zo M
o; lqmofTds cg';Gwfgsf] p4]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf lyP .
s_ ljBfyL{ clgoldttfsf] ;Defljt sf/0f kQf nufpg] .
v_ pQm ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cfjZos /0fgLlts k|of;x? sIffsf]7fdf k|of]u ug]{ .

$= ;d:ofsf] klxrfg M
s]lx jif{ klxn]b]lv ljBfyL{ pkl:yltnfO{ lgoldt ug{ x/]s ljBfnox?df lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{
d"Nof+sg ljlw k|of]udf NofOP klg To;sf] Jojxfl/s sfo{Gjog pko'Qm 9+uaf6 ePsf] b]lv+b}g .
ljBfnon] tof/ ug]{ dfl;s, jflif{s tYof+s tyf ljj/0f ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fpFbf klg ljBfno
v'n]sf] lbg , k9fO ePsf] lbg, lzIfs / ljBfyL{ ljj/0f ;dfj]z eP klg ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt af/] st}
pNn]v ePsf] b]lvb}g . ljBfnon] x/]s jif{ jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ub{5 . Old;df tYof+s e/]/
;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fO5 . t/ ljBfyL{ pkl:ylt cGbfhL e/L k7fpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
u|fdL0f ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf jif{e/Ldf emG8} $) k|ltzt ljBfyL{ cg'kl:yt x'g] Ps cWoogn]
b]vfPsf] 5 . To;df klg ljBfno pkl:yt eP/ aLrdf sIff 5f]8]/ hfg]sf] ;+Vof d"Nof+sg ug]{ xf]
eg] l:ylt cem uDeL/ b]lvG5 . em08} $) k|ltzt ljBfyL{ sIffsf]7f aflx/ /fv]/ ul/g] cWofkgaf6
s:tf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ / l;sfO pknlAw k|fKt xf]nf < ;xh} cfFsng ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
xfd|f ;Dk"0f{ nufgL / k|of;x? afFemf] v]tdf dnhn u/] h:tf] ePsf] 5 .

%= ;d:ofsf] sf/0f M
sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{ cg'kl:yt x'g] sf/0f vf]Hb} hfg] xf] eg] cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs,
ljBfno k|zf;g, ;dfh, lzIff gLlt / cleefjssf] cfly{s cj:yf cflb lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5g\ .
d}n] o; ljifodf cWoog ;'? ul/;s] kl5 p4]Zo d'ns gd'gf 5gf]6 ljlwsf] k|of]u ub}{ ;a}
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTjx'g] u/L of] ;d:ofsf ;Defljt sf/0fx? kQf nufpg] k|of; u/]+ . d]/f]
k|of;af6 lgDg sf/0fx? kQf nfu] .
s_ cfly{s sf/0f
v_ ;fdflhs sf/0f
u_ kfl/jfl/s sf/0f
3_ ljBfnosf] sdhf]/ ef}lts k'jf{wf/
ª_ k/Dk/fut cWofkg ljlw / z}lIfs ;fdu|L
r_ sdhf]/ sfIfsf]7f Joj:yfkg
5_ k|]/0ffsf] cefj
h_ c;'/Iff
em_ lzIfsx?sf] af/Daf/ x'g] cg'kl:ylt
`_ cltl/Qm lqmofsnfksf] cefj
6_ cleefjssf] Go"g lzIff / r]tgf:t/
7_ lzIfs / zleefjs ;DaGwsf] cefj
8_ pbf/ sfIff]Gglt / lzIffk|lt lg/fz
9_ unt d'Nof+sg k|0ffnL
^= r/0fj4 /0fgLlts k|of;x? M
æljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgoldt ?kn] ljBfnodf s;/L pkl:yt u/fpg ;lsPnfÆ eGg] ;Gbe{df lgDg
r/0fj4 k|of;x? u/Lof] .

^= != klxnf] r/0f
c_ of]hgf M sIffsf]7fdf cGtlq{mof ug]{ .
cf_ sfo{ M r/0fj4 ?kdf k|To]s sIffsf ljBfyL{ ;Fu pgLx?sf] Go'g pkl:yltsf] sf/0fn]
sIffsf]7fdf lzIf0f s;/L k|efljt eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lbFb} pgLx?;Fu cGtlq{mof ul/of] .
cGtlq{mofdf sIff ( sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ pgLx? lgoldt ljBfno cfpgfn] lg/Gt/ d'Nof+sgdf kg]{ c;/
;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbOof] ;fy} lgoldt ljBfnodf pkl:yt eO{ ljBfnosf ultljlwdf ;xeflu x'g
k|f]T;fxg ul/of] .
O_ cjnf]sg M cGtlq{mof kl5sf lbgx?df ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt / pgLx?sf Jojxf/df s] s:tf]
kl/jt{g cfof] ;f] ;DaGwdf cjnf]sg ul/of] .
O{_ k|ltljDjg M cGtlq{mof ug'{ cl3 eGbf cGtlq{mof ul/;s]kl5 lgoldt ?kn] ljBfno cfpg]
ljBfyL{x? l9nf] gu/L ljBfno cfPsf] kfOof] eg] s]lx clgoldt ljBfyL{x? klg lgoldt x'g nfu]sf]
h:tf] b]lvof] t/ of] cGtlq{mofn] dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] gb]lv bf];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{ lg0f{o u/]F .

^=@= bf];|f] r/0f


c_ of]hgf M lzIfsx?sf] :6fkm a}7s a:g] .
cf_ sfo{ M z'qmaf/ dWofGt/ kl5 :6fkm a}7s al;of] . a}7sdf x/]s sIffsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{
lgoldt u/fpg] ljifodf Jofks 5nkmn ul/of] . 5nkmndf jif{ e/Ldf ;a} eGbf a9L lbg ljBfnodf
xflh/L x'g] ljBfyL{nfO{ jflif{sf]T;jsf] d'n ;df/f]xsf] lbg sIfut ?kdf lbg] lg0f{o ul/of] .
x/]s ljBfyL{sf] ;Dks{ g+ lnO{ pgLx? ljBfnodf pkl:yt gePsf] lbg pgLx?sf] 3/df cg'kl:yltsf]
sf/0f a'em\g ;Dks{ ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . pQm lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L sIff lzIfs dfkm{t ljBfyL{nfO{ lbg] /
lg0f{o sfo{Gjog u/fpg] k|ltj4tf ljBfyL{ ;dIf ul/of] .
O_ cjnf]sg M :6fkm a}7s kl5sf lbgx?df ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt / pgLx?sf] Jojxf/df s] s:tf]
kl/jt{g cfof] ;f] ;DaGwdf cjnf]sg ul/of] .
O{_ k|ltljDag M lzIfs :6fkm a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;DaGwdf hgsf/L u/fO;s] kl5 ljBfyL{x?df klxn]
eGbf lgoldttf b]lvof] . ljBfyL{x?n] cfkm' cg'kl:yt x'g'kbf{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] , hfgsf/L k'j{jt
u/fpg g;s]sf] v08df lgj]bg k7fpg] , cleefjsnfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ nufO{ labf lnP/ dfq 3/df a:g]
nufPtsf Jojxf/x? cg'ej ug{ yflnof] . t/ o; sfo{n] dfq klg ;d:of k'0f{ ?kdf ;dfwfg eO
g;s]sf]n] t];|f] r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .

^=#= t];|f] r/0f M


c_ of]hgf M lj=Jo=;= , lz= c= ;+3 / cleefjsx? ;Fu 5nkmn
cf_ sfo{ M ljBfno k|zf;g ;Fu ;Nnfx u/L lj= Jo= ;= sf] a}7sdf lz=c= ;+3sf kbflwsf/L /
If]qut ?kn] cleefjssf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L ;+o'Qm a}7s 8fSg cg'/f]w ul/of] . pQm a}7sdf sIff
lzIfs ;d]t ;xefuL eO{ cfjZos 5nkmn ul/of] . a}7sn] lzIfsx?nfO{ klg lgoldt x'g cg'/f]w
u¥of] . ljBfyL{;Fu cleefjssf] e"ldsfdf k|:t't x'g lgb]{zg u¥of] . ca pk/fGt ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf
cfkm\gf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ 3/df g/fvL ljBfno k7fpg] k|ltj4tf ;d]t u¥of] .
O_ cjnf]sg M ;+o'Qm a}7s kl5sf lbgx?df ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt / pgLx?sf] Jojxf/ tyf
ljBfno leqsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / ljBfno aflx/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k|lta4tf s] slt sfo{Gjog
eof] ePg To;sf] cg'udg ul/of] .
O{_ k|ltljDjg M ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgoldt agfpg] x]t'n] t];|f] r/0f ;Ddsf] k|of; ub}{ ubf{ ljBfyL{,
lzIfs, cleefjs, k|zf;s nufot ;Da4 ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df Ps lsl;dsf] lgoldttf b]lvof] .
ljBfyL{–ljBfyL{ , ljBfyL{–lzIfs , lzIfs–lzIfs , lzIfs–k|zf;s, k|zf;s–lj=Jo=;=, lzIfs
cleefjs ;+w , cfd cleefjs / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] lardf /fd|f] ;DaGw / ;xsfo{ x'g nfu]sf]
b]lvof] . ljBfno lj:tf/} nyflnª\u cj:yfaf6 afnd}qL / ;Eo x'g nfu]sf] cg'e'lt x'g nfu]sf]n]
cg';Gwfgsf] r/0fj4 sfo{ oxL+ cGTo ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .

&= cg';Gwfgsf] k|flKt M


o; cg';Gwfgaf6 lgDg s'/fx? k|fKt eP .
s_ ljBfyL{x?sf] cg'kl:ylt b/ 36\g yfNof]
v_ clefjs ;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ / ;xsfo{ x'g yfNof] .
u_ lzIfs–ljBfyL{ / cleefjs–lzIfssf] ;+o'Qm a}7s / 5nkmn x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ eof] .
3_ 5fqfj[lQ / lgMz'Ns kf7\o;fdu|L ljt/0f nufotsf cGo sfo{df k|zf;gnfO{ ;xof]u x'g nfUof] .
ª_ lgoldt cg'udg / d'Nof+sg sfo{sf] ;'?jft eof] .
r_ k|fylds pkrf/ / ;]g]6/L Kof8sf] Joj:yf x'g yfNof] .
5_ afnd}qL sIff / dgf]/~hgfTds sIff lqmofsnfk ;'? eO{ ljBfyL{sf] efUg] b/ 36\of] .
h_ lgold sIff ;+rfng Pj+ vfnL 306Lsf] cGTo x'g k'Uof] .
em_ ljBfyL{ lg/Gt/ d'Nof+sgsf] Joxfl/s sfo{Gjog x'g k'Uof] .
`_ cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk / v]ns'b ;fdu|Lsf] pko"Qm Joj:yf eof] .
6_ gLltut ;'wf/ x'Fb} ;xdtL / ;xsfo{4f/f ljBfno ;+rfng x'g yfNof] .

*= lgisif{ M
ljBfno / sIffsf]7fdf ljBfyL{ cg'kl:yt x'g] dVo sf/0f em§ x]bf{ ljBfyL{sf] dfq sdhf]/L b]lvP klg
jf:tljsftf To:tf] xf]Og . o;df cleefjs, ljBfno k|zf;g, lzIfs, ;d"bfo, lzIff ;Fu ;DalGwt
lgsfox? / gLlt lgdf{tf ;d]t lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5g\ . ctM of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ klg ;a} kIfsf]
Plss[t k|of; x'g' h?/L b]lvG5 . t}klg ljBfnosf] dfq k|of;n] klg of] ;d:ofnfO{ w]/} sd ug{
;lsG5 . o;sf] nflu lzIfs, k|=c=/ lj=Jo=;= sf] lhDd]jf/L af]w, b[9 OR5fzlQm, nugzLntf,
;lqmotf, :ki6 of]hgf / k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
;fd'bflos ljBfnodf laBfyL{ egf{b/df s;/L j[l4 ug{ ;lsPnf <

sfo{d'ns cg';Gwfg

tof/ ug]{ M
========================================
=================================
===========================
!_ cg';Gwfgsf] lzif{s M ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf laBfyL{ egf{b/df s;/L j[l4 ug{ ;lsPnf <
@_ k[i7e"ld M
o; >L ========================= ljBfnosf] ;]jf If]q leq a;f]af; ug]{ clwsfz+ ;d'bfo =================
/x]sf5g . @)&@ ;fnsf] e'sDkaf6 lj:tflkt ePsf / :yfoL a;f]af;sf] cem 7]ufg geO;s]sf,
cleefjssf] r]tgfsf]sf] :t/df sdLsf] sf/0f / s]xL ;r]t cleefjsx? klg cfkm\gf gfgL
afa'x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf egf{ gu/L gLlh af]l8{ªx?df k7gkf7g u/fO/x]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf
;fd'bflos ljBfno / l;sfOk|lt csif{0f ug{ lgs} ufx|f] eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf pgLx?nfO{ klg lzIffsf]
dxTj a'emfO cfkm\gf gfgLafa'x?nfO{ ;fd"bflos ljBfnodf g} egf{ u/fpg ;r]t u/fpg] ljsNkx?sf]
klxrfg :j?k of] cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] xf] . al:tsf ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ u/fO
lgoldt ljBfno cfpg ;Sg] agfpg of] 36gf cWoog sfo{ cfjZos 7flgPsf] xf] .
vf;u/L ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?sf] v:sbf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ tyf l;sfO{ pknlAwsf af/]df ljleGg
5nkmn, ax;, cGt/lqmof / uf]i7Lx? x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df ;/sf/n] u/]sf] nufgL
cg';f/ k|ltkmn k|fKt gePsf], lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ tyf pknlAw lg/Gt/ x|f; cfPsf], /fHon] lzIffdf
u/]sf] nufgL afn'jfdf kfgL xfn]h:tf] ePsf] eGb} lzIffljb\ tyf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6
l6sfl6Kk0fL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;f] x'g'df lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{, ;/sf/, lzIff gLlt jf u/LjL bf]ifL
sf] xf] x/]sn] cf–cfkm\gf] 6fpsfsf] w'nf] emf/L rf]lvg] k|of; ub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] v:sbf]
z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] sf/0f vf]Hb} hfFbf ;d:ofsf] rfª g} nfUg ;S5 . To;sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu
ljBfnosf] ef}lts k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, tflnd, lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts, 5fqj[lQ, egf{ cleofg, k|rf/ k|;f/
cflb ePsf 5g\ . ljBfno lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo / pknlAwd"ns agfpg cg]sf}+ k|of;x? ePsf 5g\ .
sltko k|of;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 eg] sltko k|of;x? b:tfa]hdf dfq l;ldt x'g k'u]sf 5g\
. ;/f]sf/jfnf / ;d'bfon] ;d]t ;d'lrt Wofg lbg g;s]sf] Ps hl6n ;d:ofsf] sf/0f ;d'bflos
ljBfnodf ljBfyL{sf] egf{b/ Go"g x'g' klg xf] eGg] d]/f] 7x/ 5 .

#_ p2]Zo M
!_ ;fd"bflos ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ egf{ eO{ lgoldt ljBfno cfpg] agfpg'' .
@_ clefjsx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] dxTj / z}lIfs u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf ;r]t u/fpg' .

$_ 36gf cWoog ;+rfng k|lqmof M

d}n] ljleGg k|lqmofaf6 ;xof]ufTds ?kdf ;]jf If]qsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{ eO{
lgoldt ljBfno gcfpg] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgoldlt ljBfno cfpg] u/fpg cg]s pkfox? vf]hL u/] .
o;sf nflu ;xsdL{ lzIfsx?, cGo ;fyLx?, ;/f]sf/jfnf cleefjsx? ;|f]tsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/] .
;DalGwt kl/jf/;Fu klg ;f]wk'5 ug]{ sfo{ ul/of] .

pNn]lvt ;d:ofx?sf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ sfddf ;j{k|yd k|ZgfjnL tof/ ul/of] . cleefjs,
;/f]sf/jfnf ljBfyL{, lzIfs ;Fu 3/b}nf] k'uL e]63f6 / 5nkmn ul/of] . ljBfno pd]/sf ljBfyL{x?
ljBfno egf{ eO{ lgoldt ljBfno cfpb}gg\ lsg < eGg] laifodf lgDgcg';f/sf] k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/L
pQm k|ZgfjnLsf] cfwf/df cg';Gwfg ul/of] .
cleefjs;Fusf] k|Zg M
s_ tkfO{sf] 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] 3/df s] sfd u5{ <
v_ s] tkfO{ 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k9fpg rfxg'x'G5 <
u_ tkfO{sf] 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] k9fOdf sltsf] rfv /fV5 <
3_ tkfO{ 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] eljio s:tf] ePsf] rfxg'x'G5 <
ª_ s] tkfO{ 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno gk7fO{ 3/sf] sfddf nufpg' x'G5 <
r_ cfˆgf l5d]ssf aRrfx? ;fd'bflos ljBfno hfFbf tkfO{nfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
5_ s] tkfO{sf] 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ lzIfsn] lk6L sIff 5f8\g afWo ePsf] xf] <
h_ s] tkfO{sf] 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ 5fqj[lQ / lgz'Ns lzIff kfPsf] 5}g <
em_ ;fd"bflos ljBfno / o;n] k|bfg ug]{ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/Lotf ;DaGwdf tkfOFsf] wf/0ff s] 5 <
`_ s'g} yk sf/0f klg 5 ls <
ljBfyL{;Fusf] k|Zg M
s_ ltdLn] 3/df s] s] sfd ug'{ k5{ <
v_ ltdLnfO{ af–cfdfn] k9\g hfp eGg'x'Gg <
u_ s] ltdLnfO{ af– cdfn] sfd dfq cx|fpg'x'G5 <
3_ ltdLnfO{ ;fyL;Fu :s'n hfg dg nfUb}g <
ª_ ltdL;Fu v]Ng] ;fyL :s'n hfFbf ltdLnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <
r_ s] ltdLnfO{ k9\g dg nfUb}g <
5_ ltdLnfO{ ;/, ld; s'6\g'x'G5 eg]/ :s'n guPsf] xf] <
h_ 5fqj[lQ ltdLnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5g} <
em_ s] ltdLnfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf k9fOdf ?rL 5}g <
em_ s'g} yk sf/0f klg 5 ls <
dfly pNn]lvt k|Zgx?df s]Gb|Lt eO{ ;+unUg k|ZgfjnLx? ;d]t pgLx?;Fu /fvL hjfkm lng]
sfd ;DkGg ul/of] .
%_ sfo{ ljj/0f÷ ;"rgf ;+sng M
s_ ljBfnodf egf{ eO{ lar}df sIff 5f8\g] ljBfyL{sf] ljj/0f l6kf]6 ul/of] .
v_ lar}df sIff 5f8\g] ljBfyL{sf] 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;DaGwdf 8f6f ;+sng ul/of] .
u_ kfl/jf/Ls cj:yf kQf nufO{of] .
3_ ljBfno jftfj/0fsf] l:ytL ;xhLs/s0f eP gePsf] clen]vx? /flvof] .
ª_ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;DalGwt JolQmx?;Fu k|ToIf e]63f6 5nkmn / ;Nnfx ;'emfasf] ljj/0f
;+sng ul/of] .
r_ ;]jf If]qsf hg;+Vof / ljBfno cfpg] pd]/sf slt ljBfno cfPsf 5g tYofÍ ;+sng
ul/of] .
5_ sIfut ljBfyL{sf] xflh/L tYofÍ ;+sng ul/of] .
h_ cGo lghL af]l8{ªdf k9\g hfg] ;]jf If]qsf ljBfyL{x?sf] tYof+s l6kf]6 ul/of] .

^_ l;s]sf] kf7 M

cleefjs / lzIfsx?n] afn clwsf/ / afnd}qL lzIf0f l;sfO cfhsf] cfjZostf k9fO{ /
;dosf] dxTj a'em] . clzIffsf] sf/0f ;]jf If]qsf] ;d'bfo k5f8L k/]sf], lzlIft gx'Fbf x/]s s'/fdf
kl5 k/]sf], u/LaL ePsf], ;do cg';f/ rNg ghfg]df h] sfddf klg ;kmntf k||fKt ug{ g;lsg],
;d'bfosf] ljsf; / cleefjs lzlIft geO{ ljBfndf klg cfˆgf] nIodf k'Ug g;lsg] b]lvof] .
ljleGg /0fgLltx? dWo] lzIfs, ;d'bfo ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]ufTds Ps g]tfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt u/fpg]
dfWod xf]÷ h; cg';f/ M
s_ cleefjsn] afnaflnsfx?nfO{ k9fpg' k5{ eGg] wf/0f gePsf] / Hofnf dhb'/L sfddf
nufpg' g} kmfObf eGg] ;f]r ePsf] .
v_ k9fO{ / ;dosf] dxTj ga'em]sf] .
u_ 3/df sfd w]/} ug'{ k/]sf] .
3_ ljBfndf and}qL jftfj/0fsf] k|of]u sd ePsf] .
ª_ ljBfyL{n] lar}df sIff 5f8\g'sf] sf/0f kQf nfUof] .
r_ k9\g] / k9\g k5{ eGg] efjgf sd ePsf] kfOof] .
5_ s]xL ;r]t clefjsx?df klg c+u|]hL lzIff k|ltsf] df]x / ;fd"bflos ljBfno k|ltsf] unt
wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOof] .
&_ l;sfO{sf] sfof{Gjog M
cleefjs;Fu e]63f6, ljBfyL{ aLr cGt{lqmof, lzIfs :6fkm;Fu 5nkmn u/LPsf] cfwf/df k|fKt
glthfx? ljBfnodf ljBfyL{, lzIfs, cleefjs aLr cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt l;sfO{ nfO{ 5nkmndf
NofpFbf ;a}n] ljBfnodf egf{ eO{ lar}df sIff 5f8\g] k|j[lt 7Ls gePsf], 3/fof;L sfdn] ubf{
ljBfnodf lgoldt x'g g;s]sf], cleefjsx? k9fO{ k|ltsf] pbfl;gtf Pj+ ljBfnodf afnd}qL
;DaGw, afn dgf]lj1fg ;DalGw sfo{ sdhf]/ ePsf] :jLsf/f]QmL /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . sdhf]/ aGb}
uPsf] ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ / ljBfno ;d"bfo larsf] ;DaGwdf lr;f]kg klg egf{b/
36fpg] Ps sf/s tTj /x]sf] lttf] ;To klg :jLsf/ of]Uo g} 5 . ca cfOGbf o:tf] ;d:of lg/fs/0f
tkm{ cl3 a9\g ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx? nflu kg]{ u/L o; cg';Gwfgsf] l;sfOnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ kg]{
x'g]5 .
o:tf lgisif{af6 :yfgLo txsf lzIff clwsf/L, k|=c / lzIfs ldln ;]jfIf]qsf] a:tLdf uO{
lzIffsf] dxTjsf] af/]df, cfhsf] lj1fg / ljsf;sf af/]df ;r]tgf, ljBfno k9\g] egf{ ePsf
aRrfnfO{ klg ;Fu} /fvL ul/of] . z'?sf] xKtfdf :jo+ ljBfyL{nfO{ pTk|]/l/t ug]{ sfo{ ul/of] lgoldt
sIffsf]7fdf klg pgLx?sf] l;sfOdf ;xeflutf ;DaGwdf sIff cjnf]sg / ljBfyL{ ljBfyL{ larsf]
;x ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfpg /0fgLlts k|of;x? ul/of] . kl/of]hgf sfo{df klg sdhf]/ / clgoldt x'g]
ljBfyL{nfO{ g]tfsf] ?kfdf 5gf}6 ug{ nufOof] . sIffsf] dlg6/ aGg klg To:tf ljBfyL{x?nfO{
k|f]T;flxt ul/of] / agfOof] . o;n] pgLx?df 5'§} xf};nf / pTk|]/0f a9]sf] / h:n] ubf{ ;d"bfodf
ljBFno aflx/ /x]sf cfkm\gf ;fyLefOx?nfO{ klg ljBfno Nofpg'k5{ eGg] efjgf pgLx?df g} hfu[t
x'Fb} uof] . o;} sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} ;a} lzIfs tyf ljBfno k|zf;g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? egf{b/
a9fpg] sfo{df Psh''6 eO nfUgsf] nflu ljleGg txdf 5nkmn ;d]t ul/of] .

*_ lgisif{ tyf ;'emfa M

s_ ;]jf If]qsf ;a} cleefjsn] lgoldt ?kdf afnaflnsfnfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfno k7fpg] kg]{ .
v_ 3/df w]/} sfd nufpg gx'g] .
u_ afnaflnsfx?sf] laifodf cleefjsx?n] a9L rf;f] /fVg' kg]{ .
3_ ljBfno jftfj/0f afnaflnsfx?nfO{ dgkg]{ vfnsf] agfO{g' kg]{ .
ª_ afndgf]lj1fg a'em\g ;Sg] lzIfs, lzlIfsf x'g'kg]{ .
r_ afnd}qL Jojxf/ sfod /fVg' kg]{ .
5_ ;fd"bflosn] klg u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lbg ;S5 eGg] ljlZjf; cleefjsx?df lbnfpg' kg]{ .

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