International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

Vol. 9, No. 6, December 2019, pp. 5143~5149

ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5143-5149  5143

Smart monitoring information system

based on RF 433 Mhz (SMIS)

Hicham Ouldzira1, Ahmed Mouhsen2,Hajar Lagraini3, Abdelmoumen Tabyaoui4,Mostafa Chhiba5

1,2
Laboratory of Mechanical, Engineering, Industrial Management and Innovation,
The Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan 1st University, Morocco
3,4,5
Radiation Materials and Instrumentations Laboratory, The Faculty of Sciences and Technology,
Hassan 1st University, Morocco

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Many research works are devoted to the design of remote control systems of
objects. Remote monitoring is among the technologies of data acquisition on
Received Apr 4, 2019 a remote object and its characteristics without physical contact with it.
Revised Jul 18, 2016 These data can be collected by acoustic waves, the distribution of forces and
Accepted Jul 26, 2016 electromagnetic energy to process them to locate the object and its
characteristics. This paper presents a smart monitoring information system
based on RF 433MHz, Arduinonano and arduinouno named SMIS.
Keywords:
Arduino nano and UNO
IoT
Remote monitoring
RF433MHZ
WSN Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.

Corresponding Author:
Hicham Ouldzira,
Laboratory of Mechanical, Engineering,
Industrial Management and Innovation,
The Faculty of Sciences and Technology,
Hassan 1st University,
PO Box 577, Settat, Morocco.
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
The progressive development of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1] provides a smart environment that
helps people in their daily lives. Deployment of dense and interconnected wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
is critical to IoT implementation [2]. Object monitoring based primarily on wireless sensor networks [3].
Currently, its value has increased significantly in different areas, mainly in the control of rare and expensive
items. Wireless communication [4] is a transfer of information over a distance wirelessly . This distance can
be short [5] (a few meters) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications). There are
different technologies that are used in wireless communications and subsequently object monitoring, such as
GSM [6], Wi-Fi [7], Bluetooth [8], ZigBee [9], 6loWPAN [10], etc.The monitoring system studied
essentially requires basic modules, such as microcontroller, RF modules, and GSM module.
To implement the object in a monitoring field, it is necessary to identify the range between
the transmitter and the receiver RF433MHZ, so that a function between the length of the antenna
RF433MHZ and this distance is required. We will then attach a remote monitoring system to the object to
control it in real time [11]. This system is based on an Arduino Nano, an RF433MHZ module, a GSM
module and a BUZZER module. The rest of this paper is organized as follows:

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5144  ISSN: 2088-8708

In section 2, we will discuss the related works, in section 3 we present our proposed system SMIS,
a Wireless Sensor And Actuator Network are presented in section 4, the experimental results of the function
between the length of the RF 433MHZ module antenna and the distance between its receiver and its
transmitter at the laboratory scale is discussed in section 5, Design and Implementation are presented in
section 6, the paper will be conclude in section 7.

2. RELATED WORK
Healthcare area in recent years has been rapidly integrating technology in the monitoring, diagnosis
and treatment of patients remotely. To improve quality of life of patient and to facilitates tracking of patient
who needs real time data collection. Most studies reviewed point to a chronic disease monitoring in particular
as in which are responsible for the first remote monitoring of vital signs and the second of a telemedical ECG
system of a patient [12].
Other systems such as those proposed are fixed in the IoT bring advantages in terms of perception,
transmission and application of information in the field perspectives of health and medical care. Enabling
smart, an accessible and communication system based on IoT hosting segments such as: medical equipment,
information management control medication of patients, telemedicine, mobile medical care, and personal
health management, among others.
Home automation or Smart Homes (also known as domotic) can be described as introduction of
technology within the home environment to provide convenience, comfort, security and energy efficiency to
its occupants [13]. Adding intelligence to home environment can provide increased quality of life for
the old-people and disabled people who might otherwise need caregivers or institutional care.
There hase been a significant gruth in home automation lastely due to higher affordability and
progression in Smart phones and tablets which permits huge and easy connectivity. With the introduction of
the IoT, the studies and employment of smart homes are getting more popular [6]. Much of the research
attention has been given in academic research laboratories. Several wireless communication technologies that
can support some form of distant data transmission, detecting and control such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFID,
and cellular networks have been used to insert numerous stages of intelligence in the household [14].
Researches in [13, 14] have intreduced Bluetooth based home automation systems using Smart phones
without the Internet controllability. The appliances are physically connected to a Bluetooth sub-controller
which is then accessed and controlled by the Smart phone utilizing built-in Bluetooth connectivity. However,
due to limited distance of operation (up to 100 m only) the network is incapable to manage with mobility and
can only be controlled within the vicinity. Academics have also tried to provide network interoperability and
distant access to control appliances at the house based on home-gateways. [17] Presented a Wi-Fi using home
control system based on web server which accomplishes the connected home appliances.
A GSM based communication and control for home devices has also been introduced by [18] where
diverse AT commands are transmited to the House Mobile for controlling diverse devices. The disadvantage
of this network is that manipulators are not provided with a graphical user interface and they have to
remember diverse AT commands to control the attached appliances.
The above cited systems have made momentous contributions to the design and improvement of
domotic systems. Though, the current works were generally focused on switching and controlling home
devices or connected appliances rather than distantly monitoring of home environment.

3. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM: SMIS

This section describes the proposed architecture and design of flexible and low cost controlling and
monitoring system. The architecture is divided into three layers: monitoring area, communication module and
Remote Environment (smartphone, tablet). Remote Environment represents authorized users who can
visualize the sensed data on their Smart phone using sms via GSM. Monitoring district consists of a software
and a hardware interface module as demonstrated in the Figure 1 below.
The diagram of the control system of Figure 1 can be divided into two parts:
a. The top part includes a GSM module, tablets, smart phones, etc.A tablet or smartphone serves as a remote
control via GSM.
b. The lower part includes an intelligent central controller, RF modules, control modules, environmental
modules, data collectors, and so on. The intelligent central controller is a link between the previous and
the next in that it combines the top and the bottom. He is responsible for setting up a WSAN RF433 MHz
(Wirless Sensors & Actors Network) in a studied envirement. These versatile control modules are
responsible for controlling the devices and communicating with the central controller.

Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 6, December 2019 : 5143 - 5149
Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708  5145

The smart control system is effective due to the following advantages:

 It maintains a dynamic balance through self-configuration and self-organization.
 It is easy to set up and maintain.
 The control modules have been designed in standard sizes.
The controller and these modules constitute a WSAN.

(2)

Watt meter
Power outlet

Door
Lights Temperature

Figure 1. The proposed remote monitoring system

4. A WIRELESS SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORK

Wireless communications namely Zigbee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and 433 MHz, have been widely used in
many applications recently. the following Table 1 gives a comparison between these wireless technologies in
terms of band operated, energy consumption, range, debit and battery life [19]:

Table 1. Comparison between these wireless technologies

Wireless Technologies Band perated Energy consumption Transmission distance Battery life debit
Zigbee 2.4GHz high Small to medium few days <1Mbps
Wi-Fi 2.4GHz high Small to medium few days 1->54Mbps
RF 433MHz low medium to large up to 10 years 9.6Kbps

433 MHz wireless communication is available worldwide and an open source alternative. It is ideal
for wireless sensor network applications because it can transmit / receive over very long distances without
requiring high power consumption on a battery. The low input current of typical label configurations can
power button cell batteries or thin-film batteries up to 10 years.
Smart monitoring information system based on RF 433 Mhz (SMIS) (Hicham Ouldzira)
5146  ISSN: 2088-8708

However, the 433 MHz bit rate is only 9.6 kbps, making it ideal for applications in which only
a small amount of data needs to be transmitted. Therefore, it is generally used for modern control systems.
Our WSAN used RF433 MHz wireless communication. It adopts a star topology in which the microcontroller
forms the main part and is responsible for building the entire 433 MHz wireless network. Flowcharts Figure2,
Figure3 bellow describes operation steps of the proposed system:

Figure 2. Operation steps of the proposed system Figure 3. Operation steps of the proposed system

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE FUNCTION

Linear model Poly9:

𝑓(𝑥) = ∑10
𝑛=1 𝑝𝑛 ∗ 𝑥
10−𝑛
(1)

where x is normalized by mean 1.36 and std 0.8332

Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):
p1 = 0.1216 (-0.004683, 0.2478)
p2 = -0.2144 (-0.4598, 0.03102)
p3 = -0.3513 (-1.035, 0.3319)
p4 = 0.9463 (-0.2019, 2.095)
p5 = -0.2711 (-1.68, 1.138)
p6 = -1.502 (-3.206, 0.2034)
p7 = 1.415 (0.177, 2.652)
p8 = 1.635 (0.7719, 2.499)
p9 = 2.029 (1.679, 2.38)
p10 = 3.775 (3.668, 3.883)

Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 6, December 2019 : 5143 - 5149
Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708  5147

The (1) is given by interpolation with the Newton method, and presents the following correlation
performance reaches 99.94%, the following table gives a summary of these performances:

Table 2. Goodness of fit

SSE R-square Adjusted R-square RMSE
0.166 0.9994 0.9991 0.1052

Where SSE is Sum squared error performance function, R-square is the square of the correlation between the
response values and the predicted response values. It is also called the square of the multiple correlation
coefficient and the coefficient of multiple determination, RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) is known as the
fit standard error and the standard error of the regression.
The measures that have been taken on a wire alloy copper 2mm diameter for the RF module
depending on the transmission distance.

Table 3. This table presents measurements of RF’s range and antenna’s length
Number of measurestaken Antennalength(cm) RF433MHz Range (m)
25 0,1 0,67
24 0,2 1
23 0,3 1,29
22 0,4 1,55
21 0,5 1,61
20 0,6 1,9
19 0,7 2,18
18 0,8 2,48
17 0,9 2,77
16 1 3,11
15 1,1 3,33
14 1,2 3,58
13 1,3 3,65
12 1,4 3,72
11 1,5 4,06
10 1,6 4,47
9 1,7 4,96
8 1,8 5,5
7 1,9 5,98
6 2 6,49
5 2,2 7,55
4 2,4 8,61
3 2,6 9,66
2 2,8 10,53
1 3 14,78

Figure 4. Communication range vs RF433MHZ antenna lentgh

Smart monitoring information system based on RF 433 Mhz (SMIS) (Hicham Ouldzira)
5148  ISSN: 2088-8708

6. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

To manage the monitored objects remotely in specific studied area (smart home, health care, smart
grid ...), it is necessary to develop a smart monitoring information system (SMIS), which can be run in
a management system or on the owner's computer. We designed and developed a SMIS with arduino, smart
sensors and RF433 MHZ technologies. The SMIS includes RF emitter, RF receiver, data gathering unit
(Arduino Uno) and controlled objects (attached to arduino Nano), transmission module (GSM).
SMIS operates in real time, at every 500ms the emitter starts the mission by sending a message
to the RF 433MHZ receiver, since the remotely monitored object is included in the monitored area.
If the receiver RF doesn’t get any messages from the emitter, the SMIS send an SMS to the object’s owner
over the GMS module and activates the buzzer to tell that the object is out of the monitored area.

(1) (2) (3)

Figure 5. (1),(2) and (3) are SMIS implementation

7. CONCLUSION
The IoT-based object control system proposed in this document adopts the 433 MHz wireless sensor
and actuator network as a low layer, which facilitates remarkably reconfiguration and reorganization.
An object owner can implement its monitoring, control and management on site or remotely by a smart
terminal with GSM. Since the object control system combines a 433 MHz wireless sensor and actuator
communication network with the Internet, it can be used for power grid control, environmental monitoring,
or intelligent transportation without requiring major material modification.
Enhancing energy efficiency of the actuators can reduce energy costs and emissions.
After the construction of an object control system, an essential goal of the future is to manage all actuators
and optimize their operation. Our current mission is to study optimal control strategies for applications that
save energy in actuators.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are very much thankful to the unanimous reviewers of the paper and editors of
the journal for their constructive and helpful comments that improved the quality of the paper.

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Smart monitoring information system based on RF 433 Mhz (SMIS) (Hicham Ouldzira)