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Formulario Algebra v21

This document provides formulas and properties related to algebra. It covers systems of numbers, order of operations, exponent rules, factoring, rationalizing, and logarithmic and exponential equivalences. Specifically, it defines types of numbers like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers. It also lists notable products, quotient rules, exponent rules, factoring identities, and properties involving radicals, exponents, and logarithms.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
123 views3 pages

Formulario Algebra v21

This document provides formulas and properties related to algebra. It covers systems of numbers, order of operations, exponent rules, factoring, rationalizing, and logarithmic and exponential equivalences. Specifically, it defines types of numbers like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, real numbers, and complex numbers. It also lists notable products, quotient rules, exponent rules, factoring identities, and properties involving radicals, exponents, and logarithms.

Uploaded by

Richard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ING.

RICHARD IGNACIO CALLE HUALLPA FORMULARIO - ALGEBRA


1. SISTEMA DE NÚMEROS 4. PRODUCTOS NOTABLES
NUMEROS NATURALES.ℕ ℕ: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … 1. 𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐
NUMEROS ENTEROS. ℤ 2. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
Trinomio cuadrado perfecto
ℤ: … , −5, −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … 3. (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2
NUMEROS RACIONALES. ℚ 4. (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 2 − 𝑏2 Diferencia de cuadrados
11 3 0 15 9 5. 2
(𝑥 + 𝑝)(𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝑥 + (𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑞
ℚ: … − , − , , , , …
2 2 5 16 5 6. (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑝)(𝑛𝑥 + 𝑞) = 𝑚𝑛𝑥 2 + (𝑚𝑞 + 𝑛𝑝)𝑥 + 𝑝𝑞
NUMEROS IRRACIONALES. ℚ′
7. (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎 3 + 3𝑎 2𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑏3
ℚ′: … − √3, √2, 𝑒, 𝜋, … 8. (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎 3 − 3𝑎 2𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 − 𝑏3
NUMEROS REALES. ℝ
9. (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2) = 𝑎 3 + 𝑏3
Está conformado por la unión de los números
10. (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2) = 𝑎 3 − 𝑏3
racionales y los números irracionales. ℝ = ℚ ∪ ℚ′
NUMEROS COMPLEJOS. ℂ
1. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 2(𝑎 2 + 𝑏2)
Unidad imaginaria 𝑖 = √−1 , 𝑖 2 = −1
Numero Complejo 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 donde 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ 2. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑎𝑏
3. (𝑎 2 + 𝑎 + 1)(𝑎 2 − 𝑎 + 1) = 𝑎 4 + 𝑎 2 + 1
REPRESENTACIÓN EN DIAGRAMAS DE VENN 4. (𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) = 𝑎4 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 4
C
5. COCIENTES NOTABLES
3-4i 7i 1. 𝑎 2 − 𝑏2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
R
Q Z 2. 𝑎 3 − 𝑏3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )
Q’
N
3/2 -√2 3. 𝑎 4 − 𝑏4 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 3 + 𝑎 2𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑏3)
3
-3 -4
√8 4. 𝑎 5 − 𝑏5 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 4 + 𝑎 3𝑏 + 𝑎 2𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑏3 + 𝑏4)
4 4 5
-2 3 . -5
13
. .
11 π ℮ 1. 𝑎 3 + 𝑏3 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 )
7
17 -1 2
1
. .
-√3
2. 𝑎 5 + 𝑏5 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 4 − 𝑎 3𝑏 + 𝑎 2𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑏3 + 𝑏4)
.
0
5 1 √2 n = número PAR o IMPAR
2 2 7
𝑎 𝑛 − 𝑏𝑛 =
(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎 𝑛−2 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑛−3 𝑏2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑏𝑛−2 + 𝑏𝑛−1 )
√2-7i -3+5i

n = número PAR
2. JERARQUÍA DE OPERADORES 𝑎 𝑛 − 𝑏𝑛 =
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑎 𝑛−2 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑛−3 𝑏2 − ⋯ − 𝑎𝑏𝑛−2 + 𝑏𝑛−1 )
1. ∧
2. ( ) n = número IMPAR
3. × ⁄ 𝑎 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 =
4. + − (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑎 𝑛−2 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝑛−3 𝑏2 − ⋯ − 𝑎𝑏𝑛−2 + 𝑏𝑛−1 )

3. POTENCIACIÓN 6. RADICALES
Si 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ y 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ En las formulas: 𝑚, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
1
1. 𝑎 𝑚 ∙ 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚+𝑛 1. 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑛√𝑎
𝑚
2. (𝑎 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚∙𝑛 2. 𝑛
𝑎 𝑛 = √𝑎 𝑚 = ( 𝑛√𝑎 )
𝑚

3. (𝑎 ∙ 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑛 ∙ 𝑏𝑛 𝑚 1
4. 𝑎0 = 1 , 𝑎 ≠ 0 3. 𝑎− 𝑛 = 𝑚 , 𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛
5. ( ) = 𝑛 1 𝑚
𝑏 𝑏 4. 𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 ,𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎𝑚 𝑚−𝑛 𝑎− 𝑛
6. =𝑎 ,𝑚 > 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑎𝑛 5. √𝑎𝑏 = 𝑛√𝑎 ∙ √𝑏
𝑚
𝑎 1 𝑛 𝑎
𝑛
√𝑎
7. = ,𝑛 > 𝑚 6. √ = 𝑛 ,𝑎 ≠ 0
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎 𝑛−𝑚 𝑏
𝑎 −𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 √𝑏
𝑛 𝑛
8. ( ) =( ) 7. ( 𝑛√𝑎 ) = √𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎
𝑏 𝑎
1 8.
𝑚
√ 𝑛√𝑎 = 𝑚∙𝑛
9. −𝑛
𝑎 = 𝑛 √𝑎
𝑎 𝑛𝑝
1 9. 𝑛
√𝑎 𝑚𝑝 = √𝑎 𝑚
10. = 𝑎𝑛
𝑎 −𝑛 10. 𝑛 𝑛
𝑎 √𝑏 = √𝑎 𝑛 𝑏
ING. RICHARD IGNACIO CALLE HUALLPA FORMULARIO - ALGEBRA
7. RACIONALIZACIÓN EQUIVALENCIA EXPONENCIAL A LOGARITMICA
1. √𝑎 + √𝑏 factor √𝑎 − √𝑏 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏 log 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑐
2. √𝑎 − √𝑏 factor √𝑎 + √𝑏
3 3 3 3 IGUALDAD ENTRE EXPRESIONES CON EXPONENTES
3. √𝑎 + √𝑏 Factor √𝑎 2 − 3√𝑎𝑏 + √𝑏2
log 𝑏 𝑥
4. 3 3
√𝑎 − √𝑏 Factor 3
√𝑎 2 + 3√𝑎𝑏 + √𝑏2
3
𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑏 = 𝑒 𝑥∙ln 𝑎 𝑥= ; 𝑎 = √𝑏
log 𝑎
𝑚 𝑛 𝑚 𝑛 𝑚−1 𝑚−2 𝑛
( 𝑛√𝑎 ) − ( √𝑏 ) = ( 𝑛√𝑎 − √𝑏 ) [( 𝑛√𝑎 ) 𝑛
+ ( √𝑎 ) ( √𝑏 ) + ⋯ 12. PROGRESIONES
𝑚−2 𝑚−1
𝑛
+( √𝑎 )( √𝑏 )
𝑛 𝑛
+ ( √𝑏 ) ] ARITMETICA GEOMETRICA
𝑙 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 𝑙 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
8. BINOMIO DE NEWTON 𝑛 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
n=0 (𝑎 + 𝑏)0 = 1 𝑆= (𝑎 + 𝑙) 𝑠=
2 𝑟 −1
n=1 (𝑎 + 𝑏)1 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑛 𝑟𝑙 − 𝑎
n=2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 𝑆= [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 𝑠=
2 𝑟 −1
n=3 (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎 3 + 3𝑎 2𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏2 + 𝑏3
n=4 (𝑎 + 𝑏)4 = 𝑎 4 + 4𝑎 3𝑏 + 6𝑎 2𝑏2 + 4𝑎𝑏3 + 𝑏4
n=5 (𝑎 + 𝑏)5 = 𝑎 5 + 5𝑎 4 𝑏 + 10𝑎3 𝑏2 + 10𝑎2 𝑏3 + 5𝑎𝑏4 + 𝑏5 13. DETERMINANTES Y MATRICES
DETERMINANTES
𝑛 𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑎11 𝑎12
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 1! 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑛−3 𝑏3 + ⋯ + |𝐴| = |𝑎 |
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛
2! 3! 21 𝑎22
𝑎2 𝑏𝑛−2 + 1! 𝑎𝑏𝑛−1 +𝑏𝑛
2! |𝐴| = 𝑎11𝑎22 − 𝑎12 𝑎21
𝑛!
𝑟= 𝑎𝑛−𝑟+1 𝑏𝑟−1 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
(𝑟 − 1)! (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)!
Termino general |𝐴| = |𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎21|
𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 2) 𝑛−𝑟+1 𝑟−1 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
𝑟= 𝑎 𝑏
(𝑟 − 1)! |𝐴| = 𝑎11 (𝑎22𝑎33 − 𝑎21𝑎32) − 𝑎12 (𝑎21 𝑎33 − 𝑎21𝑎31) +
𝑎13(𝑎21𝑎32 − 𝑎22𝑎31)
9. TRIANGULO DE PASCAL MATRICES
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 0 1 𝑎11 𝑎12
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 1 1 1
𝐴 = (𝑎 𝑎22) 2𝑥2
21
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 2 1 2 1
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 3 1 3 3 1
𝐴 = (𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎21 )
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 4 1 4 6 4 1
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 3𝑥3
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 5 1 5 10 10 5 1
(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1

(𝑎 ± 𝑏) 7
1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1 14. FRACCIONES PARCIALES
𝑃(𝑥)
Si la fracción compuesta donde el grado de 𝑃(𝑥) es
𝑄(𝑥)
10. ECUACION DE SEGUNDO GRADO
menor que 𝑄(𝑥). Factorice el denominador y encuentre la
Por la fórmula
fracción parcial descompuesta FPD de la expresión
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑥12 = 𝐷 = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 racional.
2𝑎
FACTORICE 𝑸(𝒙) TERMINO EN F.P.D.
Por completar cuadrados
𝑨
𝑏 2 𝑏2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (𝑥 + ) = −𝑐 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃
2 4 𝑨𝟏 𝑨𝟐 𝑨𝒌
𝑏 2 𝑏2 𝑐 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑘 + + ⋯+
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝟐 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒌
(𝑥 + ) = 2 −
2𝑎 4𝑎 𝑎 𝑨𝒙 + 𝑩
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
11. LOGARITMOS 𝑨𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑩𝟏 𝑨𝒌 𝒙 + 𝑩𝒌
1. ln(𝐴 ∙ 𝐵) = ln 𝐴 + ln 𝐵 (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑘 + ⋯+
𝟐
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 (𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄)𝒌
𝐴
2. ln ( ) = ln 𝐴 − ln 𝐵
𝐵
3. ln(𝐴𝑏 ) = 𝑏 ln 𝐴
𝑥
4. log(𝑒 𝑥) =
ln(10)
RICHARD IGNACIO CALLE HUALLPA FORMULARIO - ALGEBRA

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