Lesson 4:

Problem 1:

A restrained beam 6m long carries a triangular load which varies from 1000N/m at
A and zero at B. AssumeEI = 20000 𝑁/𝑚2

1. Find the moment at A.

2. Find the moment at B.

3. Find the max positive moment of the beam.

Solution:
Base on the figure given, • the formula of moment at maximum
𝒘𝑳𝟐
(for this problem at A) is 𝑴𝑨 = −
• the formula of moment at zero (for 𝟐𝟎
𝒘𝑳𝟐
this problem at B) is 𝑴𝑩 = − Remember: always check the units used in the problems
𝟑𝟎
and the formulas always interchange depending on the
location of zero and max load.
1. Moment at A. 3. Max positive moment of the beam.
• formula of moment at maximum
𝒘𝑳𝟐
𝑴𝑨 = −
𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵(𝟔𝒎)𝟐
𝑴𝑨 = − C
𝟐𝟎
𝑴𝑨 = −𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝑵. 𝒎
x

2. Moment at B.
 Cut the beam and denote the cut section
• formula of moment at zero as C, then find load (y) and distance (x) of
the cut section. Lastly, find the moment at C.
𝒘𝑳𝟐
𝑴𝑨 = − • By ratio and proportion,
𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵(𝟔𝒎)𝟐 𝑦 1000
𝑴𝑨 = − = 𝑦 = 166.67 𝑥
𝟑𝟎 𝑥 6

𝑴𝑨 = −𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑵. 𝒎 Still need another equation to solve x and y

• Solve the reactions of the beam • Formulate equation to solve “y” using
shear (reaction) at the cut section C

𝑉𝐶 = 0
1
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑅𝑩 − (𝑥)(𝑦)
2
𝑥𝑦 1800
900 = 𝑦=
2 𝑥

Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0 • Equate
6𝑅𝐵 + 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐵 + 𝑀𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑦=𝑦
1 1 1800
6𝑅𝐵 + 1800 = 1200 + (6)(1000) (6) 166.67 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 3.29 𝑚
2 3 𝑥
𝑅𝐵 = 900 N

Σ𝐹𝑣 = 0 1800
𝑦= 𝑦 = 547.11 𝑁/𝑚
1 3.29
𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 = (6)(1000)
2

𝑅𝐴 = 3000 − 900
𝑅𝐴 = 2100 𝑁
• Lastly, max positive moment

𝑀𝐶 = 𝑅𝐵 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐶 − 𝑀𝐴

1 1
𝑀𝐶 = 900 3.29 − 3.29 547.11 3.29 − 1200
2 3

𝑴𝑪 = 𝟕𝟕𝟒 𝑵. 𝒎 maximum positive moment of the beam

Problem 2:

A 9m high retaining wall is laterally supported at the and fixed at the base. The wall
resist active earth pressure increasing from zero at the top to 52 kN/m at the base
per meter length along the longitudinal axis.

1. Determine the design moment at the base. Apply the

𝑤𝐿2 𝑤𝐿2
fixed end moment equation at the top and at the
30 20
base. EI is constant.

2. The lateral support at the top of the wall was removed,

deteremine the design moment at the base.

3. Determine the resulting base shear if the wall is

free at the top.
Solution:

1. Design moment at the base

• If the figure is presented as shown, • Moment at the base for propped

𝒘𝑳𝟐
beam is − , therefore,
𝟏𝟓

𝒘𝑳𝟐
𝑴𝑨 = −
𝟏𝟓
𝟓𝟐𝒌𝑵(𝟗𝒎)𝟐
𝑴𝑨 = −
𝟏𝟓
𝑴𝑨 = −𝟐𝟖𝟎. 𝟖 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

Notice that the figure can be

considered as a propped beam.
2. Design moment at the base if the
lateral support at the top of the wall was
Σ𝑀𝐴 = 0
removed.
1 1
• Draw the new figure 𝑀𝐴 = (9)(52) (9)
2 3

𝑴𝑨 = 𝟕𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

3. Resulting base shear if the wall is free

at the top.

• From the new figure, P = V, therefore

1
𝑉= 9 (52)
2
𝑽 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵
Problem 3:

A fixed ended beam shown has a span of 6m. It carries a concentrated load of
140kN at its midspan.

1. Determine the maximum bending stress of the beam.

2. Determine the maximum shearing stress of the beam.

3. Determine the average shearing stress in the web.

Solution:
1. Maximum bending stress of the beam.
• Formula of max bending stress
𝑴𝑪
𝒇𝒃 = • From the formula, find “𝑰” and “𝑴”
𝑰

• In finding “𝑰”, draw the figure.

beam is considered
rectangular in shape void spaces

160(240)3 (160 − 20)(200)3

𝐼= −
12 12

𝐼 = 91 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
• Draw the free body diagram of the beam.

• By drawing shear and moment diagram

Remember:
Shear and moment
diagram always and
must start and end at
zero.

• From the figure, 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐵 and 𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵

Shear diagram
Formula for moment when
concentrated load is at midspan
𝑷𝑳 140(6)
𝑴𝑨 = − 𝑴𝑨 = − = −105 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝟖 8
Moment diagram

𝑀𝐶 = 𝑀𝐴 + 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐶 𝑎𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚

𝑀𝐶 = −105 + 70(3)
𝑀𝐶 = 105 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
 Multiplied by 106 to
convert kN.m to N.mm

𝑀𝐶 105𝑥106 (120) 𝒇𝒃 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟒𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑓𝑏 = =
𝐼 91 𝑥 106

2. Maximum shearing stress of the beam.

• Formula of max shearing stress

𝑽𝑸 70000(452000)
𝝉= 𝜏= 𝝉 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑰𝒃 91 𝑥 106 (20)

Q = 160(20)(110) + 100(20)(50)
Q = 452000 𝑚𝑚3

V = reaction = 70 kN = 70000 N
 3. Average shearing stress in the web.

• Shearing stress of the web at the

web junction
𝑽𝑸 70000(352000)
𝝉= 𝜏= 𝝉 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑰𝒃 91 𝑥 106 (20)

Q = 160(20)(110) V = reaction
Q = 352000 𝑚𝑚3 V = 70 kN = 70000 N

Note:
If it is assumed that the total vertical
shear is carried by the web alone, the
average shearing stress would be:

𝑽 70000
𝝉𝒂𝒗𝒆 = 𝜏𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝜏𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 14.58 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝒅𝒕𝒘 240(20)
 Prepared By:
SOURCE: BESAVILLA BOOK/S ENGR. MARCHIE A. RAFALES