Ethics Notes

1. The 7 step model of decision making involves gathering facts, identifying stakeholders, articulating the dilemma, listing alternatives, comparing alternatives to principles, weighing consequences, and making a decision. 2. Reason and impartiality are requirements for morality as decisions should be based on critical thinking and give equal importance to all affected. 3. Cultural relativism holds that what is right and wrong depends on one's culture, but it is not fully tenable in ethics as some principles like protecting children transcend cultures. Moral courage is needed to do what is right despite pressures.

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Ethics Notes

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Trisha Gonzales

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The 7 step model in dm

Dm place an important role in our life malaking bagay ang maliit na desisyong ginagawa natin.
Any decision I make is the biggest decision of my life- carmelo anthony. Simple decision has a big
effect that is why we have to thin very carefully before decisioning onto something.

Reason the power mind to think understand and form judgment, in dm kailangang kakabal nya si
reason ano nga ba yung mga dahilan o maral reasons mo para magkaraoon ka ng fair judgement.
Hindi pede na reason lang kailangan ay MORAL REASONS.
Reason is the basis for morality. Ex. Hindi ko to bibigyan ng grade ito ang aking dahil kasi hindi kami
close. At itong reason na ito ang magiging basis kung may moralidad ba ako bilang guro. | hindi ko
kakainin ang gulay kasi hindi ko gusto ang lasa neto because of that nakapagdecide ako na hindi ko
sya kakainin even if if its good on my health.

All our knowledge begins with the sense proceeds then to the understanding and ends with reason.
There is nothing higher than reason. Immanuel kant. There is nothing higher than reasons kaya siya
nagiging basis of morality.
Kapagkapinagisispan yung reason nagakakaroon tayo in return ng magandang moral decision. Brain
must be higher to our emotions.
Diba minsan mas pinipili nating manatili dun sa Safe tayo sa ating comfortzone to be comptarble kaya
nangyayari mali ang decision ang I beleive that it was driven with our emotions.

Impartiality- decision nased on objectivity fairness. Diba aware naman tayo na in judgement kailangan
fair tayo, balanse lahat. Neutral dapat and thats the idea of impartiality. Ex. Dito sa business nato
kikita ka ng malaki pero mali or illegal, dito naman sa kabilang banta tama pero maliit yung kinkita
mo. Dapat Dun ka sa maynakukuha ka kahit konti pero wala ka namang inaapakkan na tao, ito dapat
yung pipiliin we should be impartial.

Are reason and impartiality requirements in morality? Yes, we have to fair and our reason must
based on the critical thinking skills that we have based on a fair and moral reasoning.

James rachel minimum conception or morality

Morality is the effort to guide ones action based on the most logical choice (reason) while given
importance to the interest of each person affected by your decision (impartiality).
Lahat ay magkakatugma, reasons and impartiality are really the requirements for morality. Exam,
recit

Para magkarooon tayo ng fair decision making here are the 7 steps of dm
1. Gather the facts (learn to take alook to the different aspects, observe, recall past experiences
because those are facts.) what do we know? What do we need to know? Para pagdating ko sa dm
everything would be better.
2. Identify the stakeholders (who are involved? Why are they involved) kapaggumawa ka ng d sino
ang maapektohan gaano sila kadami)
3. Articulate the dilemma (what are the competing values) ano ba yung maaaring choices ko, ano ba
yung parehong maganda na pinagpipilian ko at syempre ano ba yung dapat kong isolve)
4. List the alternatives (come up with options, put it in your mind, isipin mo yung mga options na
meron ka at isa-isahin mo sila)
5. Compare the alternatives with the principles (are my options in line with my principles? Pagaaralan
mo na lahat ng options na meroon ka, lahat ba ng nilista kong pamimilian has something to do with
may moral?
6. Weigh the consequences (how will this option affect the parties involved? Pumili ka na nga tapos
tingnanmo kung ano ang positive at negative results neto, paano nito maapektuhan yung mga taong
kasali gaano kabigat.
7. Make a decision. (Avoid paralysis by analysis. Try to act wag lang iisipin.)
Jim rohn- you cannot make progress without making decisions. Hindi pedeng bahala na si batman,
kumilos ka.
Moral courage- when do you think that this mc has something to do on what is riht and what is
wrong.
When was the time you’ve been the most courageous? And we have diff perceptions when we say
courageous. Matapang ako dahil hindi ako takot sa dilim.
Real meaning courage- comes from the word cor means heart, sealing you heart kasi hindi pede na
puro puso lang, still we have to brave enough I have to be firm with my emotions, kailangan practical
palagi. Katapangan mo to take a risk. Maliit ka lang but behind of that physical appreance you have
this bigger version of yourself that is courage. Kahit ano pa ang humadlang sa daan yung pagpili na
palaging magpatuloy, is a brave act na.

Moral- middle, balance part of our values;

kailan ba nagiging moral yung katapangan at kailan ba ito nagiging mali.
Mc-intends to enfoce societal and ethical norms without considering ones own social cost. I will take
this risk because it is beneficial for the greater amount of people, or the majority na hindi tayo
makakaapak ng sobrang daming tao.

Will- any internally motivated action ( internal drive and strongest desire) because when you ar
courages your willingness do do something ay kapartner na. Initiative to do something.
Ex. Despite na napapalibutan ako ng maraming batong challenges I am courages enough to stand up,
yung pplnat na tumubo sa gitna ng bato. Sobrang hirap na dito but my will to persever and my will to
stay and to devlop my selfe no one cant stop me.
Kahit dumating na sa point na ayaw ng lahat I will stand firm because I beleive that anything may and
can be overcome.

What hinders us to do what is right?

Ang daling maging tao pero ang hirap magpakatao.
1st factor, fear- na baka magkamali ako na baka kakaiba ako we are all afraid to become different, na
baka mas mapahamak ako. Takot tayo sa consecousneces afterdoing the action.

With mc lc mc
Lets volunteer its not my business
You shouldnt talk back his/ her back she ggott what she desrves
That is a racist remark I only did it once/ I don’t have to meddle with others business.
I wont do it it bad for my health ill do it to prive my frienship.

Comfortzone, safe, separate sarili sa tama para sumama sa nakararami na nasa ibang track.
Paninigarilyo, pakikisama at gagawa ren ng mali, nagiging social climber ka, kasi pinoprove mo yung
sarili mo sa maling bagay.

If we are not that morally courageus what shall we do? So we have to develop our will and moral
courage, pipiliin natin yungmga bagay na magttake risk tayo pero hindi tayoo dehado at hindi ren
naman tayo nakakapagcause ng masamang epekto.
1. Develop self disciplen, although mahirap but we have to try everydody must have self control.
2. Do mental strenght training. Be with people na makaktulong sa mentalhealth yung hindi toxic but
positive. Wag ka don sa taong kinukunsinti ka.
3. Learn to say no.
4. Draw inspiration from people of great courage. Mga taong may ginagawa na tama sa paligid, gina
lopez, many pacaquo tumutulong sa pandemya. Kahit na down na lahat still they try to stand up for
the greater amount of people.
5. Repeatedly do acts that inhibit moral coral and will. Create good habits, wag kang magsasawa
6. Avoid deeds that show lack of moral courage. Pagnasa group of people ka na feel mo you are less
iavoid mo sila dahil dapat don ka sa mgataong maggrow ka. Wag ka don sa mga taong pagtatawanan
ka kasi tama ginagawa mo.

Mc vs. Reason magkakakambal

Mc- executing a good moral d.
Reason- knowing a good moral decision.
Moral c is the most valuable and usually the most absent characteristic in men. George s. patton.
Dahil yung iba nnagtatapangtapangan lang para hindi mahing kakaiba,.

Ethics- general ito yun tamang gawin.

Cultural relativisim- this is what is right or wrong depending into the culture. Wjay is right and wrong
may vary from one culture to another, the rightness and wrongness of a particular deeds may
varyfrom one culture to another ability to understand a culture on its own terms and not make
judgemeny using the standards of ones own culture. The goal of this is to promote understanding of
cultural practices that are typically part of ones own culture.
Depend upon from culture to culture accept the practices that we have.
kung paano makisalamuha yung lahi naman ganon gagawin gagawin nami kasi para sa akin tama ito
Ethical principke- kung paano natin tatagapin yung pakakaiba nung morally right or wrong.
Nakadepende sa tao kung paano isasabuhay ang ethical principle.
Cr but not according to extreme relativsism, there may be objective rational ways to resolve moral
disagreemets within a society, pagkacr, baka may paraan kami para maayos ito at mayroon ding
paraan ang ibang group.
Cr is not tenable in ethics? Bakit hindi natin kayang maconsidere si cr, bakit ba hindi natin kayang
mamintain 100 percent si cr as part of ethics, KASI GAWA NG NUNG DIFFERENCESS NG CULTURE AT
INTERPRETATION NGG TAO, ETHICS GENERAL MORAL MAY VARY DEPENDE SA TAO.
Cr deny the princciples in ethics kasi yung starand na nabuo sa isang group ay hindi lahat acceptable
sa mata ng iba’t ibang kultura kultura.
Child marianges- yemen bago magreach ng 18, aacceptable= coping mechanisim ito yung kutura
namin sige na nga gagawin ko kahit na alam ko sa sarili ko na bata pa ako, principle protection ng girll
ang housebund house, CR- isnt really wromgg wala tayong pakialam kasi kultura nila yan, ethical
principles,- cmearig is not right.
CR NAKADEPENDE SA ATING CULTURE, PERO UNDER SYA NI ER PERO SOMEWHAT RELATED ANG
HINDI TALAGA UNDER NG ETHICS.

Moral courage
Moral agent