STATISTICS PROBLEM SET

1. Given: x́=36 s=0.4 n=9 α =0.05 df =8

Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.
H 0 :μ <36.3
H 1 : μ ≥ 36.3

Step 2: Determine the test statistic, then compute its value.

Since it is the population mean being tested, the standard deviation is known,
and n<30 , the appropriate test statistic is the t-test for one sample mean.
x́−μ 36−36.3 −0.3
t= = = =−0.023
s 0.4 0.13
√n √9

Step 3: Find the critical value.

From the t-value table at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is 1.8595.

Step 4: Draw a conclusion.

Since the computed t-value is lesser than the critical value from the table,
therefore p > 0.05. As the p-value is greater than the level of significance, we reject the
null hypothesis. We cannot conclude that there is enough reason to believe that the
pupils’ average weight is less than 36.3 kilograms.

2. Given: Method A: 85, 92, 84, 92, 87, 88, 77

Method B: 93, 83, 90,75, 78

NOTE: Solutions for mean and standard deviation is on the excel file.

Based on the solved mean and standard deviation,

x́ 1=86.43 s12=26.95 n1 =7 α =0.05
x́ 2=83.8 s12=58.7 n2 =5 df =7
Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.
H 0 :μ 1−μ2=0
H 1 : μ 1−μ2 ≠ 0
 Step 2: Determine the test statistic, then compute its value.
Since it is the population mean being tested, the standard deviation is known,
and n<30 , the appropriate test statistic is the t-test for independent samples.
x́1− x́ 2 86.43−83.8 2.63
t= = = =0.6657
2 2
26.95 58.7 3.95
√ √ √ √
s1
n1
s
+ 2
n2 7
+
5

Step 3: Find the critical value.

From the t-value table at 0.05 level of significance, the critical value is ±1.894.

Step 4: Draw a conclusion.

Since the computed t-value falls on non-rejection region, we fail to reject the null
hypothesis. Therefore, we can conclude there is no significant difference between the
mean ratings of the students exposed on the two different methods of teaching.

3. Given: x́ 1=31 σ 1 =5 n1 =20 α =0.04

x́ 2=26 σ 2=4 n2 =24

Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.

H 0 :μ 1=μ2
H 1: μ1≠ μ2

Step 2: Determine the test statistic, then compute its value.

Since it is the population mean being tested, the standard deviation is known,
and n>30 , the appropriate test statistic is the z-test for two sample means.
x́ 1−x́ 2 31−26 5
z= = = =2.585
σ 12 σ2 25 16 1.935
√ √ √ √
n1
+ 2
n2 20
+
24

Step 3: Find the critical value.

Since the alternative hypothesis is non-directional, two-tailed test was used.
From the z-value table at 0.04 level of significance, the critical value is ±2.045.
 Step 4: Draw a conclusion.
Since the computed z-value is greater that the critical value, it falls on the
rejection region. So, we reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis.
Therefore, we can conclude there is a significant difference between the two population
means.

4.
a. The response variable is the course grade of the students.
b. The predictor variable is the number of optional homework problems.

NOTE: Solutions for the following questions were on the excel file.

c. The linear correlation coefficient for the given data set is shown in the table below
which is r =0.885.

Regression Statistics
0.88
Multiple R 5
0.78
R Square 4
0.76
Adjusted R Square 2
2.34
Standard Error 6
Observations 12

d. The linear correlation coefficient and the scatterplot shows that there is a positive
correlation between the number of homework and their course grade.
 Scatter Plot
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95

e. Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.

H 0 : There is no significant correlation between the number of homework and the

course grades.

H 1 : There is a significant correlation between the number of homework and the

course grades.

Step 2: Compute for the linear correlation coefficient.

Based on the answer on letter c, the linear correlation coefficient is r =0.885.

Step 3: Find the critical value on the table.

From the table, the critical value at 0.05 level of significance is 0.576.

Step 4: Draw a conclusion.

Since the linear correlation coefficient r =0.885 does not fall in between ±0.576,
the correlation coefficient is significant. So, we reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we
can conclude that there is a significant correlation between the number of homework and
course grades.

f. Since there is a correlation between the two variables, we can use the prediction
line. The prediction range for this setting as shown in the table below is 35.15 to
54.51.

  Coefficients Standard t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95%

 Error
Intercept 44.83 4.34 10.32 0.000001 35.15 54.51
Problems 0.36 0.06 6.02 0.000128 0.22 0.49

g. Also, as shown in the table above, the slope of the data is m=0.36 and the intercept
is b=44.83 so the regression equation goes like this
y=mx+b
y=0.36 x + 44.83

Where y is the predicted course grade and x is the number of optional

homework.

So if the student did 75 optional homework, the final course grade will be

y=0.36(75)+44.83

y=71.83

h. If a student expects a final grade of 85 the number of optional homework will be

85=0.36 x+ 44.83

0.36 x=85−44.83

0.36 x=85−44.83

0.36 x=4 0.17

0.36 x 40.17
=
0.36 0.36

x=111.6∨112 optional homework

5. Step 1: State the null and alternative hypothesis.

H 0 : There is no significant difference on the task performed by the three workers.

H 1 : There is a significant difference on the task performed by the three workers.

Step 2: Create an ANOVA Table.

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
 Between Groups 2.8 2 1.4 1.56 0.25 3.89
Within Groups 10.8 12 0.9

Total 13.6 14

Step 2: Read the results of the ANOVA Table.

The results shows that the SSB is 2.8 and the SSW is 10.8. Meanwhile, the
computed MSB is 1.4 and MSW is 0.9. Also, the computed F-value is 1.56.

Step 3: Interpret the results and draw a conclusion.

As shown in the table the F-value which is 1.56 is lesser than the F-critical which
is 3.89. So, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we can conclude that there is
no significant difference between the number of tasks performed by Hank, Joseph, and
Susan.